Literacy proficiency is critical for success both in and out of school; yet adolescent English language learners (ELLs) are not performing at the level of their English-speaking peers. This qualitative study focused on ways in which one successful high-school teacher facilitated literacy events as a way to provide language and literacy support for these students. The findings describe the actions of the teacher, the affordances made by these actions, and how the students took up those affordances. Teacher actions included creating a safe and comfortable atmosphere, following a routine, and participating in sharing activities. Affordances included opportunities for using vocabulary and language structures, developing and expressing ideas, and reflecting on meaning of texts. Student actions included various forms of engagement in the activities and content such as speaking up during sharing activities, showing interest in what other students had to say, and not wanting the activities to end. This study helps to inform educators of the potential of literacy events to support both language and literacy development for adolescent ELLs.

Continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) are automated processes that form a vital part of the software development lifecycle. However, CI/CD entails unique security challenges, as demonstrated by cyber attacks in recent years. This thesis presents a method for diminishing the risks of CI/CD through the dynamic access control patterns of zero trust. The impact of the method is evaluated by threat modeling popular open-source CI/CD pipelines on GitHub using STRIDE and examining the effect on the found threats. This evaluation shows that a significant subset of the found threats are impacted by the method, which suggests that monitoring dynamic CI/CD attributes have the potential to improve the security of CI/CD systems. Furthermore, the current use of existing mitigations against threats by popular GitHub repositories is investigated. / En allt viktigare del av utveckling av mjukvara utgörs av så kallade CI/CDpipelines, vilka möjliggör kontinuerlig integration och leverans av mjukvara. Dessa medför stora förtjänster i utvecklingseffektivitet, men även unika säkerhetsutmaningar, vilket har poängterats av cyberattacker mot pipelines under senare år. Denna uppsats uppsats syftar till att minska riskerna i CI/CD-pipelines. Detta görs genom att presentera en ny modell för åtkomstkontroll i CI/CD-pipelines på webbplattformet GitHub. Modellens prestanda evalueras genom att undersöka dess effekt på pipeline-hot som hittas genom hotmodellering av populära projekt på GitHub. Evalueringen visar att en betydande delmängd av de funna hoten påverkas av modellen, vilket antyder att övervakning av dynamiska attribut i CI/CD-system kan förbättra säkerheten i dessa. Dessutom så undersöks hur existerande GitHub-projekt jobbar med lindringar av hot mot säkerheten i pipelines.

Le débat maintenant ancien que mènent les juristes français autour de l'action de groupe est marqué par une contradiction importante : alors que les class actions américaines, systématiquement évoquées, semblent exercer une influence déterminante sur leurs réflexions, elles restent largement méconnues. Suscitant l'espoir autant que la crainte, l'exemple des class actions peut expliquer à la fois l'arrivée de l'action de groupe dans l'ordre juridique français, les hésitations législatives et doctrinales qui l'ont précédée et les défauts qui affectent tant les textes entrés en vigueur que ceux encore en projet. D'un côté, l'intérêt porté en France aux class actions est l'expression d"une insatisfaction à l'égard du droit français, particulièrement du droit de la responsabilité civile. Les class actions sont alors envisagées comme une solution possible à un problème donné, à savoir l'absence en droit français d'un outil efficace pour appréhender les situations dans lesquelles un grand nombre de personnes subit des dommages individuels rattachables à un fait unique (ou une série de faits identiques). De l'autre, le mécanisme sur lequel les class actions s'appuient suscite fréquemment la perplexité, voire l'hostilité. Reposant sur une présomption de consentement de la part des membres du groupe représentés (« opt-out »), elles seraient contraires aux règles traditionnelles de la procédure civile française, réputée éminemment individualiste. Le rôle central confié aux avocats américains encouragerait en outre les actions illégitimes sans bénéfice réel pour les personnes représentées. Dans cette perspective, un examen approfondi des conditions historiques dans lesquelles les class actions sont apparues aux États-Unis et des règles qui les encadrent, confronté à l'étude de l'ensemble des actions pour autrui existant en droit français, est le moyen de vérifier la légitimité des espoirs et des craintes qui structurent le débat français. Ses enseignements, nombreux, permettent de proposer une vue d'ensemble des principes cardinaux d'organisation des actions de groupe dans l'optique de la construction d'un régime efficace, quelle que soit la tradition juridique concernée. La pertinence de cette approche reste entière au regard des limites sérieuses qui caractérisent l'action de groupe introduite en France en 2014. En premier lieu, la comparaison des droits français et américain révèle la très grande diversité des schémas procéduraux envisageables, en fonction des demandes formulées dans le cadre de ces actions et des buts assignés à la procédure envisagée, qui dérivent eux-mêmes souvent des fonctions réparatrices, compensatoires ou punitives attribuées au droit de la responsabilité civile. En second lieu, il relativise le caractère exceptionnel de la présomption de consentement tout en confirmant que l'efficacité des actions de groupe dépend pour une large part des conditions dans lesquelles est défini le groupe de personnes qui subit les effets de la décision de fond rendue à l'issue de la procédure. En troisième lieu, il fait apparaître l'importance de la dimension économique de ces actions. Dans la mesure où elles permettent la défense des intérêts individuels d'autrui, elles exigent une prise en compte de la réalité des incitations et des moyens propres à chaque acteur de la procédure, notamment celui qui l'initie. / The French debate on collective actions is characterised by a central contradiction: while US class actions almost systematically serve as the starting point of discussions among French lawyers, they remain widely unknown to them. Being a reason for hope, admiration as well as fear, the American model of class actions can explain why the introduction of collective actions in French law was decided, why it was delayed for so long, and the many flaws of the resulting legislation.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Contexte: Alors que de nouvelles organisations de services de première ligne, les groupes de médecine de famille (GMF) ont été implantés au Québec au début des années 2000 afin d’améliorer l’accessibilité et l’intégration des soins, nous avons que peu de recul sur la façon dont les acteurs impliqués dans le changement ont exercé leur leadership pour influencer l’implantation des GMF. Objectifs: La présente étude a pour but de mettre en évidence les rôles et actions des acteurs clés impliqués dans l’implantation des GMF et ceci pour l’ensemble du processus de transformation (de l’idée de création jusqu’à l’implantation opérationnelle des nouvelles activités), tant en les reliant aux capacités des acteurs ainsi qu’aux facteurs (organisationnels, règlementaires et culturels) aidant ou entravant le leadership dans le contexte de changement. Méthodologie: Il s’agit d’une étude de cas multiples, reposant sur trois cas (GMF) qui disposent de caractéristiques organisationnelles différentes (taille, statut, situation géographique). Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées avec les professionnels de chaque GMF (médecins, infirmières et gestionnaires). En outre, de la documentation sur le fonctionnement et l’organisation des GMF a été consultée afin de diversifier les sources de données. Résultats: On remarque une évolution du leadership tout au long du processus de changement. Le rôle du médecin responsable a été crucial lorsqu’il s’agit de communiquer le besoin de changer de pratique et la nouvelle vision de la pratique, ou encore afin de définir le rôle et les responsabilités de chacun des membres des GMF au moment de la création de ceux-ci. Un leadership plus collectif et partagé s’est manifesté au moment de l’opérationnalisation de l’implantation, par des interactions d’influence de l’ensemble des acteurs internes mais aussi externes aux GMF (CSSS, ASSS, DRMG). Conclusion: Le cadre conceptuel proposé a permis d’identifier l’évolution du leadership tout au long du processus de changement organisationnel. Il a également permis de relier les rôles et actions des acteurs aux capacités et aux facteurs aidant ce leadership. / Background: Family medicine groups (FMGs) were implemented in Quebec in the early 2000s in order to improve accessibility and integration of primary care. Of these new organizations, we know very little about the ways in which actors involved in the change have exercised their leadership in order to influence implementation of FMGs. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine roles and activities of key change actors involved in implementation of FMGs. Further, actors’ capacities and contextual factors that influenced leadership throughout the process of organizational change, were examined. Methodology: This is a multiple cases study based on three FMGs with different organizational characteristics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals of each FMG (physicians, clinician nurses and managers). Further, FMGs’ organizational documents have been consulted in order to diversify sources of data. Findings: We observed an evolution of leadership roles and actions throughout the process of organizational change. The strategic role of physicians in charge of FMGs appeared particularly important in order to communicate the need for practice change and the new vision and model of family medicine practice before creating FMGs. Further, these physicians have exercised leadership in defining roles and activities of each FMGs member in the phase of initiation. A more collective leadership has been observed during the implementation phase, through influence interactions among all FMGs members and external actors supporting their implementation. Conclusion: This proposed conceptual model allowed identification of leadership process which involves different roles and actions depending on phases of organizational change. Moreover, it helped to examine actors’ capacities and contextual factors that have influenced the leadership process during the creation and the implementation of FMGs.

Esta dissertação de mestrado investiga ações de ensino e de aprendizagem relacionadas com a experiência advinda de uma formação de Francês para Objetivo Específico (FOS) para Relações Internacionais (RI) realizada junto a graduandos em RI pela Universidade de São Paulo, focalizando a comunicação oral em contextos de inserção profissional próprios a este perfil de alunos. Inserida no contexto dos Cursos de Francês para Internacionalização (CFI) do Centro Interdepartamental de Línguas desta universidade, a investigação, de natureza qualitativa e alinhada aos pressupostos da pesquisa-ação (THIOLLENT, 2003) e da etnografia (CRINON et al., 2002; ESTEBAN, 2010), pôs em relevo as etapas do processo de elaboração e de implantação desta formação, denominada Minicurso FOS-RI. A pesquisa compreendeu a identificação e análise de necessidades do público-alvo, a coleta e seleção de documentos, a elaboração didática e o planejamento e acompanhamento das atividades por meio de diversos instrumentos aplicados junto aos alunos-participantes e do diário docente reflexivo do professor-pesquisador-elaborador do referido minicurso. O enquadramento teóricodidático- metodológico da pesquisa se deu na área do FOS (LEHMANN, 1990; 1993; MANGIANTE; PARPETTE, 2004; 2011; CUQ; GRUCCA, 2005; CARRAS et al., 2007; MOURLHON-DALLIES, 2008; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA; PARPETTE, 2016) com vistas a descrever e analisar as escolhas do professor-pesquisador-elaborador, consideradas como ações de ensino, e suas implicações nas ações de aprendizagem dos alunos-participantes, notadamente do ponto de vista da expressão oral. A análise e interpretação dos dados relativos a estes aspectos evidenciaram como a aplicação da démarche FOS está relacionada ao desenvolvimento da dimensão autoral do material didático realizado pelo professor para definir as especificidades do programa e das atividades do Minicurso FOS-RI visando à aprendizagem dos alunos-participantes. Tratou-se de uma formação em francês única, pois foi realizada em um contexto particular que atendeu às necessidades de comunicação oral em situações profissionais específicas com as quais os alunos-participantes de RI estavam envolvidos. A contribuição da pesquisa se dá no âmbito do ensino e da aprendizagem de professores que queiram compreender as particularidades de elaboração e aplicação de um programa de ensino FOS. / This master\'s dissertation investigates teaching and learning actions related to the experience of a French course for Specific Objective (FOS) for graduates in International Relations (IR) held by the University of São Paulo. It focuses on oral communication in the context of employment opportunities appropriate to this student profile. The research, which is qualitative in nature and in line with the presuppositions of action research (THIOLLENT, 2003) and ethnography (CRINON ET AL, 2002; ESTEBAN, 2010), highlights the stages of the process of elaboration and implementation of this training course, called Minicurso FOS-RI. The research included the identification and analysis of the target audiences\' needs, the collection and selection of documents, and the didactic elaboration, planning, and monitoring of the activities, using several instruments; these were applied both to the students/participants and to the reflective journal of the teacher/researcher/elaborator of the mini-course. The theoretical-didacticmethodological framework of the research was conducted in the FOS course (LEHMANN, 1990; 1993; MANGIANTE; PARPETTE, 2004; 2011; CUQ; GRUCCA, 2005; MOURLHONDALLIES, 2008; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA; PARPETTE, 2016), with a view to describing and analyzing the choices of the teacher/researcher/elaborator, considered as teaching behaviors, and their implications in the learning behaviors of the students/participants, especially from the point of view of oral expression. The analysis and interpretation of the data related to these aspects show how the application of the FOS is related to the development of the authorial dimension of the didactic material performed by the teacher. It defines the specificities of the program and the activities of the FOS-RI Mini-course, and is aimed at the students\'/participants\' learning. This was a unique French course because it was performed in a particular context that met the needs of oral communication in specific professional situations in which the students/participants of IR were involved. The research contributes to the area of training and learning of teachers attempting to understand the particularities of developing and applying a FOS teaching program.

A temática da pedofilia é complexa, polêmica e emergente. A pedofilia, no entanto, não implica necessariamente no cometimento de atos abusivos contra as crianças, sendo possível que as fantasias sexuais do pedófilo jamais saiam de sua mente. Por outro lado, caso referido distúrbio sexual ultrapasse os limites do imaginário do indivíduo que dele é portador, estará configurado o abuso sexual infantil. Relevante observar que não apenas o indivíduo portador de pedofilia pratica atos que caracterizam abuso sexual infantil, mas também os denominados abusadores oportunistas ou ocasionais. Na relação pedófilo-criança, a opção pelo estudo da criança neste trabalho justifica-se, sobretudo, porque é ela quem ocupa a posição de vítima e, como tal, não se duvida que seus prejuízos sejam maiores em decorrência dos atos abusivos praticados. De fato, relevante assumir um olhar benevolente para aquela que, subjugada pelo abuso, necessita, de alguma forma, encontrar amparo que a possa resgatar dessa situação. Menciona-se, nesta dissertação, que historicamente as crianças sempre foram vítimas de atos de violência e que a temática do abuso sexual infantil compreende outras noções igualmente polêmicas, dentre as quais se podem destacar a sexualidade infantil e o incesto. Nesse passo, é dito que a existência de uma sexualidade infantil saudável constitui aspecto relevante para o pleno desenvolvimento da criança. Demonstra-se que o abuso sexual infantil tem a peculiaridade de se revestir da característica do segredo, ou seja, de um silêncio que encobre as práticas abusivas perpetradas contra a criança, de forma que fica garantida a perpetuação do abuso ao longo do tempo, sendo notável a cifra negra relativamente a essas práticas. Com relação ao estudo do abuso sexual infantil praticado por portadores de pedofilia, justifica-se o enfoque em virtude das circunstâncias de sedução e engodo que envolvem a atuação pedofílica e que potencializam o trauma vivenciado pela vítima. Nesse contexto, retrospectivamente ao abuso, verifica-se a existência de fatores de risco para sua ocorrência, bem como se mencionam teorias sobre a vítima. Ressalta-se que a criança e o abusador ocupam posições nitidamente distintas na relação de poder que se estabelece entre eles e se enfatiza a necessidade de investigar quais dessas crianças, que já são vulneráveis por si só, apresentam-se no grupo de risco para a vitimização. São apontados fatores de risco para a vitimização, dentre os quais, sexo, idade, isolamento social e relações conflituosas com os pais ou entre eles. Descreve-se o processo de aproximação entre o pedófilo e a vítima, bem como se analisam os danos sofridos pela criança vitimada. São fornecidos critérios para o diagnóstico do abuso sexual infantil e elencados fatores capazes de potencializar o trauma da vitimização. Descrevem-se os efeitos iniciais e a longo prazo do abuso e, por fim, refletindo-se sobre os fatores de risco, anteriores ao abuso e, sobre os danos, a ele posteriores, salienta-se a importância da tomada de atitudes preventivas e reparatórias do abuso sexual infantil, todas pautadas em ações multissetoriais e interdisciplinares. / Pedophilia is a complex, emergent and polemic theme. However, pedophilia does not imply committing abusive acts against children; once it is possible the pedophile sexual fantasy never emerges out of his mind. On the other hand, in case such sexual deviance exceed the limits of the persons imagination, then the child sex abuse is configured. It is relevant to observe that not only the pedophile practices acts which can be qualified as childs sex abuse, but also those acts practiced by opportunists or occasional abusers. Within the pedophile-childs relationship, the option for a study of the child is justifiable, mainly because it holds the position of victim and, as such, there cannot be any doubt that the damages are larger as a result of the abuse acts. In fact, a benevolent eye is set upon the child who suffered the abuse and needs, somehow, to receive the necessary support to rescue it from this situation. It is mentioned, in this paper, that historically children have always been victims of violence acts, and that the theme of child sex abuse comprises other aspects equally polemic, among which we can detach infantile sexuality and incest. In this connection, it is said that the existence of a healthy infantile childhood is relevant for the full development of children. It is pointed out that the child sex abuse has the peculiarity of being involved in a climate of secrecy, i.e. the silence covering abusive practices against children, so that the maintenance of the abuse is kept for a long time, the black cipher on this context being notable. With reference to the study of child sex abuse practiced by pedophilists, this focus is justifiable, in view of the seduction and deception involving pedophilic activities, which contribute to potentiate the trauma experienced by the victim. In this sense, it is said there are risk factors which precede the abuse, as well as theories about the victim are mentioned. It is noteworthy that the child and the abuser occupy distinct positions in the power relationship between them, and we must emphasize the need for investigation about which of the children, vulnerable by themselves, are on the victimization risk group. Risk factors for victimization are pointed out, such as, sex, age, social isolation and conflict relations with parents or between them. The process of approximation between the pedophile and the victim is indicated, as well as de damages suffered by the victim child. Criteria are supplied for the diagnosis of infant sex abuse, and factors capable of potentiating the victimization trauma are indicated. The initial and long-term abuse effects are described and, finally, considering the reflections on the risk factors prior to the abuse and on the damages after it, emphasizing the importance of taking preventive and remedial actions on infantile sex abuse, all of them based on multi-sector and multidisciplinary actions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriano Cesar Braz Caldeira.pdf: 1061457 bytes, checksum: ae0cab21c651ef05d3d78ff6ec83675f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-12 / This essay has as purpose a legal institution that is subject of frequent controversies amongst law scholars and case law, to wit, lis pendens between collective actions, and between the latter and individual ones. In spite of the existence of excellent works mentioned in the bibliography hereof on lis pendens among such kinds of actions, they are very limited as regards individual actions. We understood that dealing with collective action complying with merely and strictly those rules applicable to individual lawsuits is a mistake, with all due respect. This paper aims at analyzing which are those actions that may be considered as collective indeed. Thus, Civil Public Action, Popular Action, Collective Mandamus, Collective Injunction Order, Direct Unconstitutionality Action, Action for Declaration of Constitutionality, Argumentation of a Basic Principle Breach, Action against Dishonesty in Administration. This paper carries out a preliminary analysis of issues like legitimacy, the very concept of party, the internal formation of lawsuits (parties, claim, and cause of action), the effects resulting from the decision, so that the main issue may be eventually dealt with. It is concluded that there are two criteria of setting lis pendens between those institutions: one of them, traditional, characterized whenever the same internal elements of a lawsuit are present; another, that takes into account the claim s identity, although some internal elements may be different. This thesis points out further contrarily from what is observed in lis pendens for individual actions that in collective actions the lawsuit should not be dismissed, but rather gathered together, by virtue of a possible higher extent thereof, as it can occur with the cause of action, and as a way of preventing the other action s holder s free access to the Judiciary / O trabalho, que ora se apresenta, tem por objeto tratar de uma figura, objeto de constantes polêmicas na doutrina e na jurisprudência, qual seja, a litispendência entre as demandas coletivas e entre estas e as individuais. Nada obstante tenhamos na bibliografia excelentes obras, cuidando da figura da litispendência entre estas espécies de demandas, fazem-no, salvo raras exceções, restritivamente com relação ao processo individual. Entendemos que tratar do processo coletivo com olhos fixos nas regras de processo individual, data maxima venia, configura um erro. O trabalho procura analisar quais são as demandas verdadeiramente coletivas e, assim, encontramos a Ação Civil Pública, Ação Popular, Mandado de Segurança Coletivo, Mandado de Injunção Coletivo, Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade, Ação Declaratória de Constitucionalidade, Argüição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental, Ação de Improbidade Administrativa. Procura analisar de modo prévio as questões da legitimidade, do conceito de parte, da formação interna das demandas (partes, pedido e causa de pedir), os efeitos decorrentes da decisão, para que, ao final, possa tratar do tema principal. Conclui que existem dois critérios de configuração da litispendência entre estas figuras: um, tradicional, que se verifica quando da presença dos mesmos elementos internos da demanda; outro que leva em consideração a identidade de pretensão, ainda que distintos alguns dos elementos internos. Observa ainda que, diferentemente do que se verifica na litispendência entre demandas individuais, entre as demandas coletivas, o processo não deve ser extinto, mas reunido, em razão da eventual amplitude, como pode ocorrer com a causa de pedir, e como forma de negar ao titular da outra demanda a liberdade do acesso à justiça

A medida cautelar e a antecipação de tutela são espécies do mesmo gênero de tutela jurisdicional. A doutrina diverge quanto à diferença dos dois institutos. Ambas exercem a mesma função de garantir a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil disciplina conjuntamente as atuais medidas cautelares e a antecipação de tutela. Elas são essenciais para a tutela jurisdicional do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado porque o dano ambiental frequentemente é irreparável ou de difícil reparação. A Constituição Federal de 1988 garantiu a autonomia do direito ambiental no direito brasileiro, que tem princípios e regras próprios. O princípio da precaução tem especial relevância no direito ambiental porque visa mitigar ou eliminar o risco de dano, ainda que não haja certeza científica. O princípio da precaução é aplicado por diversos institutos do direito administrativo, como o licenciamento ambiental. Se a proteção do meio ambiente pelo Poder Executivo e pelo Poder Legislativo não for suficiente, é cabível tutela jurisdicional. As ações coletivas e as ações de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade são adequadas para a proteção do meio ambiente. A tutela de urgência, que pode ser concedida nas referidas ações, é um dos instrumentos para garantir a efetividade do princípio da precaução para a proteção do meio ambiente, pois pode evitar o dano ambiental no curso do processo judicial. / The preliminary injunction and the provisional injunction are species of the same genus to judicial review. The doctrine diverges as the difference between the two institutes. Both perform the same function of ensuring the effectiveness of the remedy. Design of the new Code of Civil Procedure jointly governs the current preliminary injunction and provisional injunction. They are essential to judicial protection of the right to an ecologically balanced environment because environmental damage is often irreparable or difficult to repair. The Federal Constitution of 1988 guaranteed the autonomy of environmental law in Brazilian law which has own rules and principle. Precautionary principle has particular relevance in environmental law because it seeks to mitigate or eliminate the risk of damage, although there is no scientific certainty. Precautionary principle is applied by various institutes of administrative law, such as environmental licensing. If the protection of the environment by the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch is not sufficient, it is appropriate jurisdictional tutelage. The class actions and actions for declaration of constitutionality and unconstitutionality are suitable for protecting the environment. The preliminary injunction, which may be granted in such actions, is one of the instruments to ensure the effectiveness of the precautionary principle to protect the environment because it can avoid environmental damage during the judicial proceedings.

Cette thèse est consacrée aux actions des groupes de transformations algébriques sur les variétés affines algébriques. Dans la première partie, on étudie la normalité des adhérences des orbites de tore maximal dans un module rationnel de groupe algébrique simple. La seconde partie porte sur les actions du groupe d'automorphismes d'une variété affine. Nous nous intéressons aux propriétés de transitivité et de transitivité multiple de ces actions sur le lieu lisse de la variété. / This thesis is devoted to the actions of groups of algebraic transformations on affine algebraic varieties. In the first part we study normality of closures of maximal torus orbits in the rational modules of simple algebraic groups. The second part deals with actions of automorphism groups on affine varieties. We study here transitivity and multiple transitivity of such an action on the set of smooth points.