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Introdução: O enfermeiro de prática avançada é o profissional que desenvolveu uma base de conhecimento especializado, habilidades complexas para tomada de decisão, competências clínicas com alto nível de autonomia e integra em sua atuação profissional a pesquisa, a educação, a prática assistencial direta e a gestão. A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) brasileira é um cenário com grande potencial para desenvolvimento de práticas avançadas de enfermagem. Objetivo: Construir um perfil de competências para a prática avançada de enfermagem no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde brasileira. Método: estudo exploratório e de abordagem qualitativa, que no referencial teórico-metodológico adotou as seis etapas propostas por Zarifian para construção de competências. Foram os sujeitos da pesquisa: egressos do mestrado profissional na Atenção Primária no Sistema Único de Saúde e da residência uniprofissional em Atenção Básica na Saúde da Família, ambos da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. Realizou-se uma oficina de trabalho para elencar ações com potencial para prática avançada de enfermagem, a partir de um mapa com ações desempenhadas pelos enfermeiros na APS. O material empírico resultante foi submetido à análise de discurso para posterior construção das competências. Foram seguidos todos os preceitos éticos. Resultados: Participaram do estudo oito sujeitos, sendo dois egressos do mestrado profissional e seis da residência profissional. Os sujeitos reconhecem que a prática avançada de enfermagem amplia as ações e prática clínica dos enfermeiros e que a residência profissional é um modelo potente para formação de práticas avançadas de enfermagem. Foram identificadas 29 ações com potencial para a prática avançada do enfermeiro na APS. As competências construídas com base nessas ações foram: prática clinica ampliada, integralidade do cuidado, autonomia para tomada de decisões complexas, ser referência para a formação continua de profissionais de enfermagem e no desenvolvimento de pesquisa. Conclusão: elaborou-se um perfil de competências para a formação enfermeiros de práticas avançadas para a APS. Estudos posteriores serão necessários para ampliar e aprofundar essas competências, com o envolvimento de outros sujeitos, como gestores, apoiadores técnicos e profissionais da Atenção Primária. / Introduction: Advanced practice nurses are professionals who acquired specialized know-how, complex skills for decision making, and clinical competences with a high level of autonomy. These nurses also incorporate research, education, care practice and management to their professional performance. Brazilian primary health care is a setting with great potential for the development of advanced practice nursing. Objective: To build a profile of competences for advanced practice nursing in the Brazilian primary health care context. Method: This is an exploratory study, using a qualitative approach, whose theoretical-methodological framework adopted the six stages proposed by Zarifian for the construction of competences. The study subjects were graduates of the professional master program in Primary Health Care at the Unified Health System, and the uniprofessional residency program in Primary Health Care at the Family Health Strategy, both in the School of Nursing, at the University of São Paulo. A workshop was conducted to choose actions with a potential for developing advanced practice nursing, based on a map with actions developed by primary health care nurses. The resulting empirical material was submitted to discourse analysis for later construction of the competences. All ethical principles were observed. Results: Eight subjects participated in the study, of whom two had graduated in the professional master program and six in the professional residency program. The subjects recognized that advanced practice nursing improves the actions and clinical practice of nurses and that the professional residency program is a powerful model for teaching advanced practice nursing. A total of 29 actions with a potential for developing advanced practice nursing in primary health care were identified. The following competences were built based on these actions: increased clinical practice, care comprehensiveness, autonomy for making complex decisions, being a reference for the permanent education of nursing professionals and in the development of research. Conclusion: The authors created a profile of competences for the education of advanced practice nursing in primary health care. Further studies are needed to broaden these competences, with the participation of other subjects such as managers, technical supporters and primary health care professionals.

Les dispositifs de santé en France et dans le monde sont en tension. Les déterminants de ces pressions sont en lien avec la démographie des professions, l’économie et l’organisation des soins. Les pathologies chroniques non infectieuses sont en recrudescence. La maladie allergique est emblématique de ces pathologies. Elle concerne 25% d’individus en France (15 millions de personnes). En Europe, 100 millions de personnes souffrent de rhinites allergiques et 70 millions souffrent d’asthme. A l’horizon 2020, c’est 40% de la population mondiale qui sera atteinte d’une maladie allergique. La déclaration de RIO, texte fondateur du développement durable, place la santé comme une préoccupation majeure. Face à ce constat, il est nécessaire de repenser les modes de prise en charge, par des modèles innovants, de nouvelles formations et une répartition des compétences différente à partir de nouveaux périmètres de métier de la santé. L’objectif général de ce travail est d’identifier des modèles novateurs en santé dans une vision pluridisciplinaire systémique et éthique des soins. Les objectifs secondaires sont : définir le concept des pratiques innovantes en santé dans le système de santé français, préciser le cadre réglementaire des pratiques innovantes, déterminer les besoins de formation, la qualification, les nouveaux métiers et nouveaux outils, enfin, l’adéquation de la formation aux déterminants générationnels des étudiants des Sciences de la Santé. La méthode utilisée est une revue de la littérature portant sur le développement durable, la médecine environnementale, la formation des professions de santé. La confrontation au cadre réglementaire de la pratique infirmière à celui d’infirmier de pratiques avancées est réalisée. Le modèle d’étude est l’allergologie. Une enquête par questionnaire en ligne a évalué le niveau de compétences, de formation et de régulation des infirmières spécialisées en Europe. Cette étude a été réalisée en collaboration européenne avec le département de la Haute Ecole de Namur, l’Université de Nottingham, la Haute Ecole de Santé de Fribourg, l’Université de Porto, et l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique de Rennes. Cette enquête a permis d’identifier 5 compétences de haut niveau d’expertise et de formation selon les descripteurs de Dublin pour les infirmiers de pratique avancée. Un programme de formation de niveau master de pratique avancée en allergologie est élaboré. Enfin, il a été identifié 4 phases constitutives de l’innovation : pilotage, appropriation, généralisation de la pratique et absorption par le système. L’innovation est un processus délibéré nécessitant la transformation des pratiques par l’introduction de nouveautés pédagogiques, organisationnelles et e-santé. L’évolution des outils d’aide à la décision thérapeutique infirmière appelée diagnostic infirmier est mis en lumière. Le diagnostic infirmier portant sur l’adaptation des individus à l’environnement est envisagé Les résultats soulignent la nécessité de développer des programmes de formation s’appuyant sur une pédagogie adaptée aux déterminants sociaux des étudiants en Sciences de la Santé ainsi qu’une révision du cadre réglementaire et juridique des professions de santé dites intermédiaires en France. / Health systems in France and in the world are in tension. The determinants of those pressures are linked to demography, economy and care organization Chronic non-infectious diseases are on the rising. Allergic disease alone respect 25% of individuals in France (15 million people). In Europe, 100 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis and 70 million suffer from asthma. By 2020, it is 40% of the world population will be suffering from an allergic disease. The declaration of RIO, founding text of sustainable development, puts health as a major concern. It is necessary to think of new management models, new training and distribution of different skills from new business perimeters for health caregivers. The primary objective of this research is to identify: innovative models of health in a systematic multidisciplinary vision and ethics of care. .the Secondary objective is to define the concept of innovative practices in health in the French health system, clarify the regulatory framework for innovative practices, identify training needs, qualification of new businesses and new tools and finally review the adequacy of generational training for health science students. The method used is a review of the literature on sustainable development, environmental medicine, training of health professionals. The confrontation with the regulatory framework of practice nurse at the nursing of advanced nursing practices is made. The study design is the allergy disease. An online survey assessed the level of skills, training and policy of nurses in Europe. This study was conducted in collaboration with the European department of Haute Ecole de Namur, the University of Nottingham, and High School of Health of Freiburg, University of Porto, and School of Advanced Studies in Public Health in Rennes. This survey identifies five high levels of expertise that are 5 skills training according to Dublin descriptors for advanced practice nurses. A master level training program for APRN in allergy practice is developed Finally four steps of innovation were identified: management, ownership, widespread practice and absorption by the system.The results highlight that innovation is a deliberate process requiring practice by introducing new pedagogical, organizational and e-Health .Changing nurse’s diagnosis decision and support tools are highlighted. The nursing diagnosis on individual adaptation to environment is also considered. Eventually, two main recommendations are presented, firstly to develop training program according to the new French law in France, and secondly to considered the social determinants of the students in health science to make those training.

Studier visar att en god och säker vård har ett nära samband med en hög grad av omvårdnadskompetens hos personalen. Trots att specialistsjuksköterskor har ansvar för att initiera och tillämpa evidensbaserad vård samt att driva utvecklingen inom vården saknas en tydlig beskrivning av vad detta faktiskt innebär samt hur kompetensen bäst kan komma till användning. Syftet är att belysa specialistsjuksköterskors kompetens och dess betydelse för vårdkvalitet och vårdutveckling. För att kunna besvara syftet utfördes en litteraturöversikt. Arton artiklar, varav tolv med kvalitativ metod och sex med kvantitativ metod inkluderades i resultatet. Samtliga artiklar kvalitetsbedömdes med modifierade granskningsmallar. Därefter gjordes en tematisk analys av artiklarnas resultat. Specialistsjuksköterskors avancerade kompetens visade sig ha en viktig betydelse för flera patientgrupper såväl som för andra vårdprofessioner. Den avancerade kompetensen gjorde skillnad i både vårdkvalitet och vårdutveckling. Ett flertal utmaningar i form av organisatoriskt motstånd och otydligheten i rollbeskrivningar kan leda till brist på utvecklingsmöjligheter och att kompetensen som specialistsjuksköterskor har inte används fullt ut. Att sjukvårdsorganisationer tar tillvara på specialistsjuksköterskors kompetens behöver ses som en förutsättning för vårdens förbättringsarbete och för utvecklingen av vårdkvaliteten. / Research has proven that a care of high quality is connected with a high degree of nursing competence. Although nurse specialists with advanced education have responsibilities to implement evidence-based research in practice, in addition to improve the quality of nursing care, there is a lack of a comprehensive and clear description of what this actually means and how their skills best should be applied. The purpose of this study is to examine the roles of nurse specialists and the impact their professional knowledge has on quality of care and health care development. A literature review was performed. Eighteen articles, of which twelve with qualitative method and six with quantitative method, were included in the result. A thematic analysis was made of the results of the articles. The skills of specialist nurses proved to be important for several patient groups as well as for other healthcare professions. The advanced competence made a difference for both quality of care and healthcare improvement. Thus, several challenges like organizational resistance and ambiguity in role descriptions can lead to a lack of development opportunities and that the competence of specialist nurses are not being fully utilized. The skills of nurse specialists need to be seen by healthcare organizations as a prerequisite for the improvement of care and for the development of care quality.

Heart failure (HF) is a serious public health problem associated with high mortality rates, hospital readmissions, and health care costs. Transitional care has emerged as a disease management model used to reduce readmissions for hospital-discharged patients with HF. However, the efficacy of an advanced practice nurse (APN)-led transitional care program (TCP) in readmission reduction is under debate. The practice question for this project examined the extent to which an APN-led TCP was effective in reducing 30-day all-cause readmissions for hospital-discharged HF patients. The logic model was the framework guiding this program evaluation. An analysis of quality improvement HF data from September 2015 to August 2016 was reviewed for one hospital in southern California. The APN-led TCP included 47 patients and had 7 patients with 30-day readmissions. The physicians' group included 298 patients and had 53 patients with 30-day readmissions. The results of chi-square analysis revealed a nonsignificant association between 30-day readmissions and post-discharge care providers [Ï? 2 (1, N = 345) = 0.236, p = 0.627], and the HF 30-day readmission rates were the same between two groups. The APN-led TCP served a large proportion of Medi-Cal patients (48.94%) who had less primary care access, while the majority of patients in the physicians' group were Medicare (51%) who had primary care providers. This project highlights the positive social changes that advanced practice nurses affect via their critical leadership and clinical roles in increasing care access for the low-income population. Further studies on payer sources and readmissions are recommended on the efficacy of APN-led TCP in readmission reduction.

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Objectifs: Etudier l'évolution de l'introduction du rôle de l'IPA et proposer des recommandations pour les études ultérieures.Méthodes: Une revue de la littérature française et internationale concernant l'IPA. Participation à un groupe de travail national concernant l'avancement de ce rôle et les réformes éducationnelles. Une étude rétrospective comparant la prise en charge de patients hypoglycémiques en milieu pré-hospitalier par infirmiers et physiciens. Un questionnaire étudiant les perceptions des premiers étudiants en cursus IPA.Résultats: Différents niveaux de transferts de compétence et de collaboration médecin/infirmière existent déjà en France. Dans l'étude rétrospective, la qualité de soin des infirmières a été similaire à celle des médecins. Dans l'étude sur l'IPA, la majorité des étudiants a indiqué que les autres infirmières et docteurs ne sont pas au courant du rôle de l'IPA, et que des barrières bloquent son développement.Conclusions: La création du rôle d'IPA et le développement de la formation des infirmières en France peuvent répondre aux défis de santé publique, telle l'incidence croissante des maladies chroniques et la pénurie de médecins. Les recommandations suivantes furent proposées pour le développement du rôle de l'IPA : définir et faire reconnaître le rôle de la pratique infirmière avancée et ses compétences, promouvoir le rôle plus largement dans les disciplines médicales, soutenir les efforts de communication entre l'état et les professionnels de santé, développer des programmes au niveau master et doctorat, et promouvoir des travaux de recherche infirmiers et interdisciplinaires. / Background: In the context of public health challenges and health care reforms in France, the evolving advanced practice nurse (APN) role may be a solution. Objectives: To study the introduction of the ANP role and provide evidence-based recommendations for future research.Methods: A review of the international and French APN literature was performed. Participation in a national task force concerned advancement of the role and education reforms. In a retrospective study, nurses and physicians were compared in the pre-hospital management of hypoglycemic patients. Finally, a survey was administered to the first French APN Master's students to identify their perceptions of the APN role.Results: Variables levels of skill transfer and doctor-nurse collaboration currently exist in France. In the retrospective study, the pre-hospital quality of care of nurses was comparable to that of doctors. In the APN student survey, the majority indicated that other nurses and doctors were not aware of the APN role, and that barriers exist in role development. Conclusions: Creation of the APN role and advancement of nursing education in France can respond to public health challenges including the rising incidence of chronic diseases and an impending physician shortage. The following recommendations were proposed for APN role development: to define and recognize the advanced practice nurse role and related competencies, promote the role in a wider range of medical disciplines, facilitate clear communication between government and health care professionals, develop nursing Master's and Doctorate programs, and promote nursing and interdisciplinary research.

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