This thesis examines the utility of the novels, short stories, critical writing, and generically indistinct work of Alain Robbe-Grillet, J.G. Ballard, and Thomas Ligotti in developing a critique of the contemporary manifestations of liberal humanist social, economic, and political subjectivities. To this end, the concurrence of formal fragmentation and sublime aesthetics in early Gothic fiction models the manner in which narrative structures can appropriate structural tropes of dominant institutions, critically reflecting ideological fracture. Read according to the assemblative approach outlined by Deleuze and Guattari, these authors serve as a productive and incisive response to the hegemony of capitalist territorialization with ontologically provocative critique.

Cette étude sociologique porte sur la maladie mentale qu’est la dépression au sein de la sphère publique de la ville canadienne et québécoise de Montréal. Depuis plusieurs décennies, au Québec, comme aux quatre coins de la planète, nous observons une montée sans précédent des problématiques de santé mentale. Trop souvent, les gens aux prises avec une dépression sont stigmatisés, exclus, marginalisés, étiquettes, ridiculisés ou simplement formellement « tolérés ». Dans cette thèse de maîtrise, notre objectif est double puisque nous visons à déterminer : (1) En quoi le processus d’individuation permet-il de comprendre la stigmatisation des gens en situation de dépression à Montréal ? et (2) En quoi le processus d’individuation éclaire-t-il les modalités d’intervention auprès des gens éprouvant une dépression ? À travers un travail de terrain et des entrevues exhaustives auprès de 5 acteurs œuvrant au sein de groupes d’entraide à caractère thérapeutiques (ou organismes communautaires en santé mentale) desservant une clientèle dépressive dans la ville de Montréal, nous cherchons, dans un premier temps, à cerner et à déterminer la nature des racines sociologiques de l’emprise de la stigmatisation de la dépression sur les malades psychiques en mettant en cause le processus d’individuation comme mécanisme social actif. Ensuite, nous examinons l’incidence du processus d’individuation sur les modalités d’intervention qu’exercent les 5 acteurs interrogés et intervenants sur leur clientèle avec une problématique de santé mentale. Dans ce contexte sociologique, les 5 entrevues permettent de dégager les singularités du message thérapeutique, des valeurs, des idées transmises et des aptitudes enseignées qui se cachent derrière les interventions thérapeutiques des acteurs interrogés. Ainsi, les résultats de cette étude démontrent qu’à l’arrière-scène des gestes thérapeutiques auprès des dépressifs se dissimule souvent une « idéologie individualisante », où le primat de l’auto-détermination et la responsabilité purement individuelle, pour « être en dépression » et/ou le rester, sont disséminés et répandus lors des interventions, le plus souvent à l’insu des intervenants. Cette étude sociologique de la maladie mentale permet enfin de jeter un nouveau spectre de lumière sur le modus operandi, les implications et les conséquences des interventions thérapeutiques, permettant ainsi de porter un regard critique à propos de l’interventionnisme des groupes thérapeutiques qui est communément appliqué sur les gens en situation de dépression au sein de la ville de Montréal à l’heure actuelle.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patrick Rodrigues Andrade.pdf: 1437637 bytes, checksum: 0adc2dee140d02db386fb1bdf2f53b1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is structured in two essays on rampant and crisis of capital, and, in the end, some notes as an outline for a critic of underconsumption. The first essay has its central issue the critics elaborated by Rosa Luxemburg to the schemes of social reproduction of Karl Marx, and the interpretation of the author to the meaning of the crisis of capital at the beginning of the 20th century. The first section argues about the theoretical status of the schemes of social reproduction of Marx, the debate surrounding them in the early twentieth century and the analysis undertaken by Rosa Luxemburg in her work The Capital Accumulation (1913). In the second section of this first essay, the analysis focuses on Luxemburg s perspective regarding the crisis of capitalism and her critic of Marx, particularly in terms of a "mismatch" between the schemes of reproduction extended in the second book of Capital and the conception of the capitalist global process of social of the third book. The third section examines some theoretical problems of Luxemburg, presented in earlier sections, under the terms of dialectical logic refined of the notion of "negation of negation", a perspective derived from the Western Marxism, which reaffirms the negative as such. What is questioned is the own conceptual processuality of capital and crisis developed by Karl Marx, a mediation involving the proper relationship between the concept and the non-conceptual. The second essay first discusses the "real abstraction" at the base of the capitalist form of wealth production, which puts dissimilar products in equality and then moves on the sense of the inequality of the same as the distribution rules of surplus-value no longer maintain a direct relationship with the production rules of surplus-value to such an extent that through the transformation of values in prices the value law itself is inverted and the ownership of capital becomes predominant , for how the development of fetishism opens a gap within the capital s profit itself. This essay discusses the commodity fetishism, the fetish of money and finally the capitalist relationship fully reificated in interest-bearing capital, emphasizing, to use a lacanian term, how reality itself has the structure of a fiction. Behind this discussion is the negativity inherent to the capitalist dynamic as a movement of constant resilience and recovery of its contradictions in "higher" levels. The notes, on the end, are limited to comments regarding a current Marxist debate between Michel Husson/Alain Bihr and Francois Chesnais/Louis Gill, however, without great damage, it is possible to extend such considerations, in "old" meaning of "critique of political economy," to the question of the underconsumption within the Marxist tradition, which refers to Rosa Luxemburg (in The Accumulation of Capital), Otto Bauer (in his political testament entitled Between the wars?), Henryk Grossman (in his series of lectures reunited on the volume The law of accumulation and the collapse of the capitalist system), and especially Paul Sweezy (The theory of capitalist development), that marks the end of an intellectual age the "classic tradition" of Marxism / O presente trabalho está estruturado em dois ensaios sobre desmedida e crise do capital, e, ao final, algumas notas como esboço de uma crítica do subconsumismo. O primeiro ensaio tem como assunto central as críticas elaboradas por Rosa Luxemburg aos esquemas de reprodução social de Karl Marx, e a interpretação da autora quanto ao significado das crises do capital no início do séc. XX. A primeira seção discorre a respeito do estatuto teórico dos esquemas de reprodução social de Marx, o debate envolvendo-os no início do século XX e a análise empreendida por Rosa Luxemburg em sua obra A acumulação de Capital (1913). Na segunda seção desse primeiro ensaio, a análise se concentra na perspectiva de Luxemburg a respeito das crises do capitalismo e sua crítica dirigida a Marx, principalmente no que concerne a uma incompatibilidade entre os esquemas de reprodução ampliada do livro segundo de O Capital e a concepção do processo de produção global capitalista do livro terceiro. A terceira seção examina certos problemas teóricos de Luxemburg, apresentados nas seções anteriores, sob o ponto de vista da lógica dialética acrisolada da noção de negação da negação , uma perspectiva oriunda do marxismo ocidental, que reafirma o negativo enquanto tal. O que é posto em questão é a própria processualidade dos conceitos de capital e crise desenvolvidos por Karl Marx, em uma mediação que envolve a própria relação entre o conceito e o não-conceitual. Quanto ao segundo ensaio, discute-se inicialmente a abstração real existente na base da forma capitalista de produção de riqueza, que põe os produtos desiguais em relação de igualdade e, posteriormente, se move no sentido da desigualdade dos iguais de como as regras de distribuição da mais-valia já não guardam relação direta com as regras de produção da mais-valia, a tal ponto que através da transformação dos valores em preços a própria lei do valor se inverte e a propriedade do capital se torna preponderante , para como o desenvolvimento do fetichismo abre uma lacuna no interior do próprio lucro do capital. O ensaio discute o fetichismo da mercadoria, o fetiche do dinheiro e finalmente a relação capitalista plenamente reificada no capital portador de juros, destacando, para usar um termo de Lacan, como a própria realidade tem a estrutura de uma ficção. Por trás dessa discussão está a negatividade inerente à dinâmica do capitalismo enquanto movimento de constante superação e reposição de suas contradições em níveis superiores . As notas se restringem a comentários quanto ao debate marxista atual entre Michel Husson/Alain Bihr e François Chesnais/Louis Gill, todavia, sem grandes prejuízos, é possível estender tais considerações, no velho sentido da crítica da economia política , à questão do subconsumismo no interior da tradição marxista, que remete a Rosa Luxemburg (em sua obra A acumulação de Capital), Otto Bauer (em seu testamento político intitulado Entre duas guerras?), Henryk Grossman (em sua série de palestras reunidas no volume A lei da acumulação e o colapso do sistema capitalista) e especialmente Paul Sweezy (A teoria do desenvolvimento capitalista), sendo que a concepção desse último marca o fim de uma era intelectual a tradição clássica do marxismo

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-05-10T13:24:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ALMERINDO_ANTONIO_BOFF_COMPLETO.pdf: 1424543 bytes, checksum: c5fc6845e6654e6a216e1767b6bd2718 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-10T13:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ALMERINDO_ANTONIO_BOFF_COMPLETO.pdf: 1424543 bytes, checksum: c5fc6845e6654e6a216e1767b6bd2718 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / In creating psychoanalysis, at the end of the 19th century, Freud dedicated himself to explain the epistemological foundations in which he grounds his assumption of having created a new science, a new branch of natural sciences, with which it shared these epistemological foundations as well as its Weltanschauung. In mid-twentieth century, originating at the critique of psychoanalytical scientificity that came especially from neopositivist epistemology, it fell to Jacques Lacan to resume the question of psychoanalytical epistemology and to consolidate it over new foundations. The present thesis seeks to highlight the fact that, after the lacanian approach to the issue, an original way of conceiving psychoanalysis comes from outside of the psychoanalytical field, more precisely from Jacques Derrida?s philosophy. According to Derrida, psychoanalysis not only doesn?t fit in its entirety within the limits of a regional science, but it also comes to constitute, in harmony with derridean graphemathics, an original way of viewing the constitution of reality in general. The thesis follows the path of derridian critique to freudian epistemology and to lacanian structuralist psychoanalysis of the 1950?s, regarding the contemporary thought that seeks, in the last Lacan through the psychoanalytical field, and in Alain Badiou through the field of philosophy, the foundations of both in the fields of mathematical formalisation. Other than allowing to conceive a new psychoanalytical epistemology consolidated in his philosophy, the thesis follows Derrida in pointing at the challenging paths of a psychoanalysis to come. / Ao criar a psican?lise, a partir do final do s?culo XIX, Freud dedicou-se a explicitar os fundamentos epistemol?gicos em que alicer?ava sua pretens?o de haver criado uma nova ci?ncia, um novo ramo das ci?ncias naturais, com as quais ela compartilhava, portanto, tanto estes fundamentos epistemol?gicos quanto sua Weltanschauung. Em meados do s?culo XX, e agora a partir da cr?tica ? cientificidade da psican?lise provinda especialmente da epistemologia neopositivista, coube a Jacques Lacan retomar a quest?o da epistemologia da psican?lise para alicer??-la sobre outros fundamentos. A presente tese procura evidenciar que, ap?s a abordagem lacaniana do problema, vem de fora da psican?lise, mais precisamente da filosofia de Jacques Derrida, uma maneira original de conceber a psican?lise. Para Derrida, a psican?lise n?o apenas n?o cabe toda dentro dos limites de uma ci?ncia regional, como vem a constituir, em harmonia com a grafem?tica derridiana, uma maneira original de pensar a constitui??o da realidade em geral. A tese percorre os caminhos da cr?tica derridiana ? epistemologia freudiana e ? psican?lise estruturalista lacaniana dos anos 50 do s?culo XX, at? encontrar-se com o pensamento contempor?neo que busca, no ?ltimo Lacan pelo campo da psican?lise, e em Alain Badiou pelo campo da filosofia, a fundamenta??o destas no campo da formaliza??o matem?tica. Al?m de permitir pensar uma nova epistemologia da psican?lise alicer?ada em sua filosofia, a tese acompanha Derrida ao apontar para os desafiadores rumos de uma psican?lise por vir.

Based on extended research on Chinese medical and epidemiological archival material dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, and on six months of internship in epidemiology in Beijing’s Medical School and in Haidian District’s Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, this thesis explores the conjunction of three major epidemiological crises in modern Chinese history with processes of State formation: the 1911 Manchurian pneumonic plague, the 1952 germ-warfare, and the 2003 SARS outbreak. Analysing the three crises as Events in line with Alain Badiou’s epistemology it seeks to establish how different strategies of governmental fidelity to the imagined cause of each crisis have led to distinct modes of organisation and valorisation of the social: Republican China and its decline to fascism; the clash between professional revolutionaries and technocrats in Maoist China; and the emergence of the “Harmonious Society” of mass exploitation and repression today. This conjunction between State formation and epidemiological Events is explored with the use of Foucault’s genealogical method in a quest for a historical materialist approach that posits at its epicentre processes of class composition, decomposition and recomposition, and their contested enclosure by the governmental apparati of capture. The present thesis thus examines the three major epidemiological crises of modern China as forming grounds for biopolitical strategies that give rise to modes of subjectivation and circuits of debt/guilt within the context of the class struggle. And at the same time, it aims to create a new field of investigation for anthropology: the relation of State and Event, from a viewpoint that contests the accepted relation of event and structure expounded by Marshall Sahlins, proposing as the main object of this investigation the conjunction between necessity and will that can never be reduced either to the naturalism of historical determinism, nor to the culturalism of subjective contingency.

Gilles Deleuze’s ontology is often understood to ground a kind of radical pluralism, the political defense of which is thought to be articulated most strongly in the Capitalism and Schizophrenia books. It is clear, however, that this “politics” is defined in a wholly negative way, and that the revolutionary dimension of these books is animated by a strictly ethical logic. In my view, if there is a politics in Deleuze it must be understood in relation to the central problem of his ontology: namely, the problem of understanding how Being is produced. To grasp politics as a singularity, as a mode of ontological production, has a number of radical consequences – consequences, however, that Deleuze himself did not embrace. Ultimately, Deleuze’s conception of ontological production appears marked by an apolitics, in that any effective mobilization of Being’s transformative potential requires that we stand posed to sacrifice anything of the integrity and organizational capacity of political existence that limits the expression of Being itself.

Gilles Deleuze’s ontology is often understood to ground a kind of radical pluralism, the political defense of which is thought to be articulated most strongly in the Capitalism and Schizophrenia books. It is clear, however, that this “politics” is defined in a wholly negative way, and that the revolutionary dimension of these books is animated by a strictly ethical logic. In my view, if there is a politics in Deleuze it must be understood in relation to the central problem of his ontology: namely, the problem of understanding how Being is produced. To grasp politics as a singularity, as a mode of ontological production, has a number of radical consequences – consequences, however, that Deleuze himself did not embrace. Ultimately, Deleuze’s conception of ontological production appears marked by an apolitics, in that any effective mobilization of Being’s transformative potential requires that we stand posed to sacrifice anything of the integrity and organizational capacity of political existence that limits the expression of Being itself.

The thesis takes the French revue Lignes (1987-present) as its object of study to provide a new account of French intellectual culture over the last twenty-five years. Whilst there are now many studies covering the role of such revues throughout the twentieth-century, the majority of such monographs extend no further than the mid-1980s: the major novelty of this thesis is extending these accounts up until the present moment. It is largely assumed that a reaction against the Marxist and structuralist theories of the 1960s and 1970s led to embrace of liberalism and an intellectual drift to the right in France from the 1980s onwards: whilst largely supporting this account, the thesis attempts to nuance this narrative of the fate of the intellectual left in the following years by showing the persistence of what can be called a politicised 'French theory' in Lignes, and a returning left-wing militancy in recent years. In doing so, it will both reveal under-studied aspects of well-known thinkers, such as Jean-Luc Nancy, Jacques Rancière and Alain Badiou, as their thought develops through their participation in a collaborative, periodical publication, and introduce lesser known thinkers who have not received an extended readership in Anglophone spheres. Lignes also argues for the continued persistence and relevance of the thought of a previous generation of thinkers, notably Georges Bataille, Maurice Blanchot and Dionys Mascolo, and the thesis concludes by examining the potential role 'French Theory' could still have in France. Furthermore, as revues provide a unique nexus of intellectual, cultural, social and political concerns, the thesis also provides a unique history of France from the fall of the Berlin Wall to the 2007 financial crisis and the Arab Spring. Much of the thesis is concerned with contextualising intellectual debates within a period characterised by the moralisation of discourses, a return of religion, the global installation of neo-liberalism and the eruption of immigration as a controversial European issue. From a relatively theoretical and politically stable position to the left of the Parti socialiste, Lignes therefore provides a privileged vantage point for the mutations in French social and cultural life throughout the period.

Ce mémoire a été réalisé avec les appuis financiers du Conseil de recherche en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH) et du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC). / En prenant comme point de départ la trilogie 1984 d’Éric Plamondon et Pourquoi Bologne d’Alain Farah, romans tous publiés sur papier, ce mémoire se consacre à saisir ce qui change dans la lecture du texte à une époque où l’omniprésence des outils numériques bouscule nos modes de production et de réception des contenus. La réflexion se développe autour du constat que la littérature, même celle qui se publie et se lit toujours sur support imprimé, ne peut être considérée en marge de ces remaniements dont les ramifications s’étendent bien au-delà de l’usage de l’ordinateur et des écrans. Avec la conviction que ces changements doivent se penser dans la continuité et non dans la rupture, la lecture sera ici considérée comme une pratique et, en refusant son essentialisation, il s’agira de revisiter certaines théories canoniques afin de saisir la teneur de ces modulations dans le « savoir-lire » du texte. À travers diverses lectures des romans à l’étude, le premier chapitre dessine les contours d’une lecture connectée, qui se fait sous l’égide du réseautage. Le deuxième chapitre, via une lecture des théories d’Umberto Eco, soutient que ces changements affectent tout particulièrement la question de la compétence du lecteur, qui est réinterrogée à la lumière de l’accessibilité de l’information inhérente à l’époque numérique et des glissements épistémologiques que cette accessibilité sous-entend. Le troisième et dernier chapitre propose, à partir des textes de Plamondon et de Farah, des parcours de lecture qui alternent entre la page du livre et l’écran d’ordinateur où sont réinterrogées les frontières du littéraire et de l’informationnel. Des relations qui se tissent entre les pratiques de lecture et l’usage des outils numériques émerge une façon de lire définie ici comme une « lecture augmentée » du texte, qui suppose un lecteur actif qui, à travers ses parcours particuliers, questionne, doute, et prend position. Un lecteur, bref, qui ne se contente pas d’actualiser un contenu, mais qui le performe. / Taking as a starting point Éric Plamondon’s 1984 trilogy and Alain Farah’s Pourquoi Bologne, both in their published form, this master’s dissertation is dedicated to grasp the changes that occur in the act of reading in an age where the ubiquitous digital tools are challenging the way we produce and receive content. The thesis takes form around the premise that literature, even that which is published and read in a print form, cannot be considered excluded from these considerations, whose ramifications extend far beyond the use of computer and screens. With the strong belief that these changes need to be seen as a continuity rather than a fracture, the act of reading will be considered here as a practice and, by refusing it’s essentialisation, will serve as a stepping-stone to revisit certain canonical theories and understand these modulations that affect the reader’s “digital literacy”, that affects the reading patterns even when a text does not present itself in a digital form. Through various interpretive trails across Plamondon and Farah’s novels, the first chapter draws the outline of a “connective reading” that is highly influenced by the omnipresence of the network. The second chapter, by revisiting Umberto Eco’s theories, maintains that these changes affect the reader’s competence, which is re-examined in light of the informational accessibly inherent at the digital era and the epistemological shifts that accessibility implies. The third and final chapter offers different reading trails through Plamondon and Farah’s novels that alternate between the book page and the computer screen, in which the boundaries between literature and information are challenged. In the relationships that develop between reading practices and the use of digital tools emerges a certain interpretational way that is described here as “augmented reading”, concept that implies that the reader is taking actions toward the text and, through this course, questions, doubts, challenges and takes position. A reader, in short, that is not just actualizing content, but who performs it.

Les XIXe et XXe siècles sont caractérisés comme des siècles de la critique. La plus grande partie de cette thèse porte sur l’analyse de la « Nouvelle Critique » en relation avec l’œuvre de Jean Racine. Ce mouvement critique qui a marqué les années soixante, s’intéresse plutôt aux structures sous-Jacentes qui peuvent être dégagées d’une œuvre littéraire.Les représentants de la Nouvelle Critique qui sont en principe, Lucien Goldmann, Charles Mauron et Roland Barthes dégagent de l’œuvre racinienne, chacun de sa propre façon, une structure de base. La critique sociologique de Goldmann, la psychocritique de Mauron et la critique structurale de Barthes offrent plusieurs pistes de réflexion.Présenter les méthodes proposées par la Nouvelle Critique, dégager l’essentiel de ses théories et apprécier leur valeur en démontrant la raison qui les a rendues fondamentales ainsi que comprendre la polémique déclenchée autour d’elle sont pour ce travail des tâches à accomplir. Or, cerner les enjeux de la « Nouvelle Critique » dans la critique racinienne en examinant les critiques faites par d’autres critiques constitue l’objectif de ce travail. / The nineteenth and twentieth centuries are characterized as centuries of literary criticism. The primary objective of this thesis will focus on the methodology used by “New Criticism” in relation to the work of Jean Racine. The New Criticism was a formalist movement, popular in the sixties, which focuses on objectively evaluating the underlying structure and text from literary work.Representatives of ‘‘New Criticism”, such as, Lucien Goldmann, Charles Mauron and Roland Barthes utilized structure methods to interpret Racine's literary works. The Sociological criticism of Goldmann, the Psychoanalytic criticism of Mauron, and the Structuralism of Barthes offer several areas of consideration.The aim of this study is to present the methods proposed by “New Criticism”, to reveal the essence of its theories, to assess their value by demonstrating the reason of their importance, and to understand controversy sparked around this formalist movement. So, identifying the “challenges of the ‘’New Criticism” in Racine’s criticism’’ by examining the criticisms made by other critics is the purpose of this work.