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Bakgrund: Alkoholberoende är en sjukdom där alkoholen har en negativ påverkan på individens liv. Alkohol har en skadlig påverkan på kroppen och medför en ökad risk att drabbas av fysiska och psykiska sjukdomar. För att vårda personer med alkoholberoende behöver sjuksköterskan ha en förståelse för deras livsvärld. Sjuksköterskan ska genom sin yrkesroll informera och motivera personer med alkoholberoende till en livsstilsförändring, samt stödja dem i upplevelsen av hälsa. Syfte: Att beskriva personers erfarenheter av att leva med alkoholberoende. Metod: Studien baseras på en kvalitativ analys av narrativer. Resultat: Ur analysen framkom två huvudkategorier; Vardagen fokuserar kring nästa glas, Behov av förändring med fyra underkategorier. Konklusion: En god relation mellan sjuksköterska och patient är en förutsättning för att främja patientdelaktighet, och för att personer med alkoholberoende ska fullfölja behandlingar. Att arbeta personcentrerat ger sjuksköterskan en möjlighet att kunna ta del av patientens livsvärld. Att veta vad som motiverar patienten till förändring är en förutsättning för att skapa hälsa och välbefinnande. / Background: Alcohol addiction defines as a disease in which alcohol has a major role in people’s lives. Alcohol has a damaging effect on the body and people with alcohol addiction carries an increased risk of suffering from physical and mental illness. In order to care for people with alcohol addiction, the nurse needs to have understanding of their lifeworld. The nurse should inform and motivate people with alcohol addiction to a lifestyle change through their professional role and support them in the experience of health. Aim: To describe people’s experiences of living with alcohol addiction. Method: The study is based on a qualitative analysis of narratives. Result: Two main categories emerged from the analysis: Everyday life focuses on the next drink, Need for change with four subcategories. Conclusion: A good relationship between the nurse and the patient is a prerequisite for promoting patient participation, and for persons with alcohol addiction to complete treatments. Working in a person-centered way gives the nurse an opportunity to take part in the patient’s lifeworld. Knowing what motivates the patient to change is a presumption for creating health and well-being.

Bakgrund: Alkoholberoende är en sjukdom med betydande konsekvenser både för den drabbade individen och samhället i stort. Att bryta alkoholberoende är ofta komplicerat, särskilt med tanke på de utmanande abstinenssymtom som kan uppstå. Dessutom möter personer med alkoholberoende ofta stigmatisering i samhället, vilket utgör ett hinder för att söka nödvändig vård och stöd. Sjuksköterskor spelar en central roll i att erbjuda adekvat omvårdnad och stöd till personer med alkoholberoende. Syfte: Att beskriva vuxna personers upplevelser av att leva med ett alkoholberoende. Metod: Kvalitativ metod genom analys av fem narrativ. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudkategorier med två underkategorier vardera. Livet som alkoholberoende präglas av ångest, förstörda relationer och maktlöshet inför att sluta dricka. Alkoholen fungerar som ångestlindring men orsakar samtidigt ångest. Känslor av skuld och skam är vanliga och viljan till förändring uppstår ofta först när botten är nådd, där ett starkt socialt stöd spelar en avgörande roll för en återhämtning. Konklusion: På grund av samhällets stigmatisering av alkoholberoende avstår många från att söka vård. Det är viktigt att skapa en trygg sjukvårdsmiljö där patienter respekteras, vilket kräver förståelse för sjukdomens komplexitet. / Background: Alcohol addiction is a disease with significant consequences for both the affected individual and society at large. Overcoming alcohol addiction is often complex, especially considering the challenging withdrawal symptoms that may arise. Additionally, individuals with alcohol addiction frequently encounter stigmatization in society, posing a barrier to seeking necessary care and support. Nurses play a central role in providing adequate care and support to individuals with alcohol addiction. Aim: To describe adults' experiences of living with alcohol addiction. Method: Qualitative method through analysis of five autobiographies. Findings: The result revealed two main categories, each with two subcategories. Life as an alcohol addiction is characterized by anxiety, shattered relationships, and a sense of powerlessness in the face of quitting drinking. Alcohol serves as a relief for anxiety but simultaneously causes it. Feelings of guilt and shame are common, and the desire for change often arises only when hitting rock bottom, where strong social support plays a crucial role in recovery. Conclusion: Due to society's stigmatization of alcohol addiction, many refrain from seeking treatment. It is important to create a secure healthcare environment where patients are respected, which requires an understanding of the complexity of the disease.

Background: Alcohol addiction is a widespread social problem worldwide. Countries with high prevalence of alcohol consumption try to react on this situation. Addiction treatment is closely determined by public health and the health care system of each country, which define its role. Aims: The main aim of this study is a description of comparison focused on alcohol abuse treatment in the Czech Republic, Belgium and Uganda. Secondary aim is to understand basic principles of treatment in chosen countries through qualitative research methods and the insight into advantages and disadvantages of treatment programs. Methods: The concept of the study is based on a qualitative research methodology. The starting point of this research was an analysis of interviews conducted by David Kalema with patients treated in medical facilities in Belgium and Uganda. Also semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients of two mental hospitals in the Czech Republic. The selection method used in this study was a purposeful sampling method. Research was carried out with 12 respondents from the Czech Republic, 10 from Belgium and 10 from Uganda. The final data was analyzed according to the procedures of grounded theory. Results: One of the major factors identified was the function of case management approach in...

Background: Despite most studies have long term and repeatedly confirmed that the prevalence of smoking among individuals treated with other primary addiction is two to four times higher than in the general population, most services do not provide some form of smoking cessation. Smoking cessation is not clearly grounded in these services. An important aspect for the integration and implementation of smoking cessation programs in addiction treatment services are opinions and attitudes of the workers themselves. These opinions and attitudes are very often ambivalent and perceived as controversial. Attitudes and opinions can determine the possibilities and limits of working with the smoking cessation during the treatment of other primary addictions. Aims: The study has four research objectives that reflect the results of theoretical-critical analysis. To map the opinions and attitudes of employees of medium-term institutional treatment of addiction to the smoking cessation within the issue of other primary addiction. To find out whether workers in medium-term institutional treatment for addiction perceive smoking as less harmful than the use of other addictive substances. To determine whether workers in medium-term institutional treatment for addiction perceive smoking cessation as part of the...

anglicky This thesis deals with one of the most important issues of our time. Trying to look for personality structure of individuals dependent on alcohol, psychoactive substances and pathological gamblers. Describes differences in personality structure between the user and the differences between men and women. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the present the accessible knowledge in the field of personality-dependent individuals. The empirical part of the work deals with a research carried out at the pavilions of addictions in a psychiatric hospital Prague Bohnice. In the empirical part of the research hypotheses and set goals that are subsequently evaluated. This thesis provides insight into the personality of addicted individuals and their own research conclusions are largely consistent with findings from the literature.

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T13:15:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGMS.pdf: 1736443 bytes, checksum: 9e6aa510fda128c4e4722add3ed4b7ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:11:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGMS.pdf: 1736443 bytes, checksum: 9e6aa510fda128c4e4722add3ed4b7ed (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:11:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGMS.pdf: 1736443 bytes, checksum: 9e6aa510fda128c4e4722add3ed4b7ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T20:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGMS.pdf: 1736443 bytes, checksum: 9e6aa510fda128c4e4722add3ed4b7ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Ethanol addiction is a serious public health problem that still needs more effective pharmacological treatment. A key factor in the development and maintenance of this disease is the development of neural plasticity that occurs in the mesocorticolimbic brain pathway upon chronic ethanol abuse. These plasticity events are, in general, maladaptive and affect numerous neurotransmitter systems and intracellular molecules. One of these molecules is ΔFosB, a transcriptional factor that is altered after chronic drug use. Behavioral sensitization is a phenomenon resulting from repeated administration of abuse drugs useful for the study of the neural alterations related to addiction. Recent works have shown a role for the imbalance of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the symptoms found in addicted people. In this line, the treatment with N-acetylcysteine, a L-cysteine prodrug that acts restoring extrasynaptic concentrations of glutamate through the activation of cystine-glutamate antiporter, has shown promising results in the treatment of psychostimulant addiction. Thus, we evaluated the effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment in behavioral and molecular alterations induced by chronic ethanol administration. Swiss mice were subject to thirteen days of daily ethanol administration to induce the development of behavioral sensitization. Two hours before each ethanol administration and locomotor activity assessment, animals received N-acetylcysteine injections i.p.. Right after the last test session, their brains were removed for ΔFosB and cystineglutamate antiporter quantification. We found that N-acetylcysteine treatment blocked ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization, the increase of ΔFosB content in the medial prefrontal cortex and its reduction in the nucleus accumbens. Our results suggest a possible use of N-acetylcysteine in the ethanol-related disorders. / A dependência ao etanol é um grave problema de saúde pública que ainda necessita de tratamentos farmacológicos mais efetivos. Um fator chave no desenvolvimento e manutenção dessa doença são as plasticidades neurais que ocorrem na via mesocorticolímbica mediante o abuso crônico de etanol. Estas plasticidades são, em geral, maladaptativas e afetam inúmeros sistemas de neurotransmissores e moléculas intracelulares. Uma dessas moléculas é a ΔFosB, um fator de transcrição que é alterado após o uso crônico de drogas de abuso. A sensibilização comportamental é um fenômeno decorrente da administração repetida de drogas muito útil no estudo das alterações neurais relacionadas à dependência. Trabalhos recentes tem demonstrado um papel do desequilíbrio da neurotransmissão glutamatérgica nos sintomas encontrados em indivíduos dependentes. Neste sentido, o tratamento com a N-acetilcisteína, um pró-fármaco da L-cisteína que atua restaurando as concentrações extrasinápticas do glutamato através da ativação do trocador cistina-glutamato, tem mostrado resultados promissores no tratamento da dependência de psicostimulantes. Assim, avaliamos os efeitos do tratamento com a N-acetilcisteína nas alterações comportamentais e moleculares induzidas pela administração crônica de etanol. Camundongos suíços machos foram submetidos a administrações diárias de etanol por 13 dias a fim de induzir o desenvolvimento da sensibilização comportamental. Duas horas antes de cada administração, os animais receberam uma administração intraperitoneal de Nacetilcisteína. Imediatamente após a última sessão de teste, os cérebros dos animais foram removidos para quantificação de ΔFosB e do trocador cistinaglutamato. Nós encontramos que o tratamento com a N-acetilcisteína bloqueou o desenvolvimento da sensibilização comportamental ao etanol, o aumento de ΔFosB no córtex pré-frontal medial e a sua redução no núcleo acumbens. Nossos resultados sugerem um possível uso da N-acetilcisteína nas desordens relacionadas ao uso de etanol. / FAPESP: 2015/01026-9

The aim of this thesis is to explore how men in recovery from substance use conceptualize challenges and use their inherent strengths to navigate them. Estimates of substance use prevalence rates in Canada suggest that approximately one-in-five Canadians will meet the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder throughout their lifetime (Pearson, Janz & Ali, 2013). These prevalence estimates represent a significant cause for concern as addiction is a significant phenomenon in contemporary Canadian society. A scoping literature review was conducted on nineteen research studies to investigate the state of current research. Although there is a wealth of studies on addiction, research frequently utilizes pathologizing approaches. These approaches are commonly focused on addiction in the context of a social or individual issue ripe with problematizing discourses. Six qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted on men living in recovery-based supportive housing for this research to explore their experiences from the onset of substance use into substance use and recovery efforts. A strength-based perspective was adopted for analysis purposes in order to more accurately reflect on the inherent strengths of the participants. The men provided in-depth accounts of their experiences, conceptualized challenges to their recovery and contrary to many contemporary research discourses, demonstrated an affluence of strengths while articulating challenge navigation. The men were also proactive in their ability to anticipate future challenges and conceive methods of effective challenge navigation. Findings of this study are analyzed and discussed in the context of recognizing the magnitude of the challenges facing the men in recovery and the incredible strengths that they demonstrate in challenge navigation. The implications for current social work practice are outlined and several suggestions are tabled with the goal of improving current practice methods. Finally, suggestions for future strength-based addiction research are offered with the intention of seeking overall improvements to the research field and addressing existing gaps within the literature. / Thesis / Master of Social Work (MSW)

Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med huvud- och halscancer och alkoholmissbruk. Bakgrund: Cancer i huvud-halsområdet är den sjätte vanligaste dödsorsaken vid cancersjukdom. Överkonsumtion av alkohol tillsammans med rökning är de största enskilda riskfaktorerna för den här sjukdomen. Inom patientgruppen finns en stor representation av personer med ett risk- eller missbruk av alkohol, vilket ställer speciella krav på omvårdnadspersonalen. Design: Kvalitativ intervjustudie. Metod: Nio sjuksköterskor deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna bandades och transkriberades sedan ordagrant innan de analyserades med tematisk-narrativ metod. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter fångades i tre huvudteman: en mångfacetterad sjuksköterskeuppgift, den komplexa patienten och missbrukets påverkan på patienten. En mångfacetterad sjuksköterskeuppgift består av många delar. Den största delen bestod av berättelser om förhållningssätt och interaktion med patienter, behovet av kompetens hos sjuksköterskorna och svårigheter kring att motivera patienten, en annan handlar om bristen på samarbete med andra kliniker. Även kontakt med anhöriga berörs.Kring den komplexa patienten handlade det om känslor, nutritionsproblem, smärta och att de sågs som utmanande människor. Missbrukets påverkan på patienten bestod av patienternas kamp att hålla sig nyktra under behandlingsperioden, likväl som de anpassningar som sjuksköterskorna blev tvungna att göra i omvårdnaden av dem. Slutsats: Denna studie visade att det fanns ett behov av ökad kompetens hos sjuksköterskor och ett bättre samarbete mellan kliniker. Verktyg för att tala med patienter kring deras missbruk och vikten av en god relation betonas. Slutligen pekades på behovet av ytterligare forskning för att förbättra omvårdnaden av huvud-halscancerpatienter med alkoholmissbruk.

Untersucht wurde in dieser Studie retrospektiv, ob sich alkoholabhängige Personen mit (n = 42) und ohne (n = 35) komorbide affektive Pathologie hinsichtlich kortikaler und subkortikaler Veränderungen unterscheiden. 3-Tesla MRT-Aufnahmen dieser Patienten, die zwischen 2008 und 2012 eine qualifizierte stationäre Entgiftungsbehandlung erhielten, wurden hierzu herangezogen. Mittels FreeSurfer erfolgten Kortexdickebestimmungen und Segmentierungen neuroanatomischer Strukturen; die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels IBM SPSS. Die Ergebnisse zeigen in der Gruppe der nur alkoholabhängigen Personen ein höheres Maß zerebraler Atrophien für das gesamte Gehirn. In keiner Hirnregion wies die Gruppe der Komorbiden geringere kortikale Volumen auf. Kein Gruppenunterschied konnte festgestellt werden für die Abhängigkeitsschweremarker „Dauer der Alkoholabhängigkeit“ und „mittlere tägliche Konsummenge“.