Die seit vielen Jahrzehnten anhaltend niedrigen Geburtenraten in der BRD, einhergehend mit sinkenden Mortalitätsraten, führen zu einem tief greifenden Wandel in der Altersstruktur der Bevölkerung. Diese Entwicklung spiegelt sich in einem deutlich steigenden Anteil älterer Mitmenschen sowie einer zahlenmäßigen Schrumpfung der Gesamtbevölkerung wider. Unternehmen sind gefordert, darauf mit alter(n)sgerecht gestalteten Arbeitsplätzen und Produkten adäquat zu reagieren. Um die körperlichen Einschränkungen älterer Menschen am eigenen Körper zu erfahren, werden seit Mitte der 90er Jahre sogenannte Alterssimulationsanzüge eingesetzt. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde diese Idee neu interpretiert und erstmalig wissenschaftlich fundiert. Auf Grundlage der gesammelten Forschungserkenntnisse wurde ein praktisch nutzbarer modularer Alterssimulationsanzug hergestellt – der MAX. Die Ergebnisse einer im Anschluss daran durchgeführten Feldstudie substanziieren das entwickelte Konzept. MAX erweitert durch die wissenschaftlich fundierte Alterssimulation das Forschungsgebiet nachhaltig und leistet somit einen nutzbringenden Beitrag für die alter(n)sgerechte Produkt- und Prozessgestaltung. / Since many decades Germany has to deal with low fertility rates and regressive mortality rates. This development has a strong effect at the age-composition of the population. In fact, the percentage of elderly people increases while the total population number decrease. To deal with this challenge companies have to design age appropriate workplaces and products. To imagine how it feels to be old companies and marketing institutions uses so called Age-Simulation-Suits. The aim of the study was to create a scientific approach of an Age-Simulation-Suit to give a more detailed view of the aging process. Furthermore it´s more than an approach – together with the Volkswagen AG the author developed, produced and evaluated a practical and useful Age-Simulation-Suit, his name is „MAX“. This suit gives constructing engineers, designers and managers an insight into the world of the elderly and opens their mind for the daily problems of industrial work and product usability. On the way to design age appropriate work places and products, MAX will be one essential tool.

Das dominante Datenmuster im Bereich des kognitiven Alterns ist der Alters-x-Komplexitätseffekt. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob das Muster statt durch einen üblicherweise postulierten unspezifischen durch einen spezifischen Mechanismus erklärt werden kann: die mit dem Alter abnehmende Reliabilität episodischer Akkumulatoren. In sechs Reaktionszeit-Experimenten wurden junge und ältere Erwachsene verglichen, dabei wurden frühe kognitive (Stroop-Bedingung) und episodische Schwierigkeit (Reiz-Reaktions-Zuordnung) orthogonal manipuliert. Die vorhergesagte Dreifachinteraktion der beiden Faktoren mit dem Alter zeigte sich über die Experimente hinweg relativ konsistent. Eine modifizierte Brinley-Analyse ergibt deutlich unterschiedliche Steigungen der Regressionsgeraden im Alt-Jung-Raum für niedrige und hohe episodische Schwierigkeit. Als methodischer Beitrag wird im Anhang ein zur modifizierten Brinley-Analyse passendes Regressionsmodell entwickelt, das aus einigen einfachen Verarbeitungsannahmen folgt. Es wird gezeigt, dass in einer klassischen Brinley Metaanalyse die Steigung neben der theoretisch interessierenden Varianz von theoretisch uninteressanter Zwischen-Experiment-Varianz beeinflusst wird. / The age-by-complexity effect is the dominant empirical pattern in cognitive aging. The current report investigates whether a specific high-level mechanism---an age-related decrease in the reliability of episodic accumulators---can account for the age-by-complexity-effect, which is commonly assumed to be caused by an unspecific, low-level deficit. Groups of younger and older adults are compared in six reaction time experiments, using orthogonal manipulations of early cognitive difficulty (e.g., Stroop condition) and episodic demands (e.g., stimulus-response mapping). The predicted three-way interaction of age and the two factors was observed fairly consistently across experiments. A modified Brinley analysis shows that different regression slopes in old-young-space are required for conditions with low and high episodic difficulty. As a methodological contribution, a Brinley regression model following from certain simple processing assumptions is developed. It is shown that in contrast to a standard Brinley meta-analysis, the regression slopes in this model are not influenced by theoretically un-interesting between-experiment variance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NeilaRCS.pdf: 2096384 bytes, checksum: 66ffe27b2b748a3fa3b9b28c9e21fe3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The study theme is the Rural Familiar House Program (RFHP), through the Rural Familiar House of Uruar?-PA city (URFH), from 2000 to 2005. It is considered as base the education offered to the field young people, in the modality of basic education by alternation methodology between the Familiar and School Times in the two first from 5th to 8th grade classrooms. From the argument about the understanding importance and need of knowledge transmission and construction to be established in the inter-section between general references of the social reality and the subjective ones. It constitutes an educative work that both values domain of knowing and the creative capacity of each pupil. Considering that the greatest aim of the education is the human being emancipation, this thematic for the development of the documentary and field research was defined with the delimitated thematic for the educative practice-proposal in alternation, choosing the Program of the RFHs as the reference to carry out an analysis which considered fruitful in the articulation between education and educative work. This study had the objective to contribute for the debate concerning the alternation and to understand presuposals and educative practice of the RFHs what its importance for the young people and its relation with the field educational policy. For this, it was used, mainly, from analytical references of authors, such as Williams, Gramsci, Adorno, Freire, Shiva, Soares, Molina, Tonet, et. all, all were also important for the construction of this work. The studied documentary sources, as well as the verbal ones the actors also interviewed had allowed, in irreplaceable way and significantly, a critical analysis on the pedagogical proposals and the articulation among school, familiar work and education, which was carried out in the formation of URFH, the sessions of alternation between Time School and Time Family. The results are scored with the chapter construction, as they had presented themselves in several sources and the reading which was made. A reading that signals for the affirmation which is possible to overtake the emphasis on technicality, mediated in the practice-theory-practice relation, still present in the alternation, and, thus, to be able to make an educative work that intends to contribute for the young people education with capacity of being, thinking and to act actually as subjects of their history / O Tema deste estudo ? o Programa das Casas Familiares Rurais (CFRs), por meio da Casa Familiar Rural de Uruar?/PA (CFRU), entre os anos de 2000 e 2005. Considera-se, como base, a forma??o ofertada aos jovens do campo, na modalidade de educa??o b?sica, pela metodologia de altern?ncia entre os Tempos Escola e Familiar, nas duas primeiras turmas de 5? ? 8? s?rie. Parte-se do argumento sobre a import?ncia do entendimento e da necessidade de transmiss?o/constru??o do conhecimento, fundados na inter-sec??o entre refer?ncias gerais da realidade social e das subjetivas. Constitui um trabalho educativo que valoriza, tanto o dom?nio dos saberes, como a capacidade criativa de cada aluno. Considerando que o fim maior da educa??o ? a emancipa??o humana, definiu-se esta tem?tica para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa documental e de campo, com o recorte para a proposta/pr?tica educativa em altern?ncia, escolhendo o Programa das CFRs como a refer?ncia para realizar uma an?lise que se prop?s fecunda na articula??o entre educa??o e trabalho educativo. Este estudo teve o objetivo de contribuir para o debate acerca da altern?ncia e compreender os pressupostos e a pr?tica educativa das CFRs e qual a sua import?ncia para o jovem, a sua emancipa??o e sua rela??o com a pol?tica educacional do campo. Para isto, valeu-se, principalmente, das refer?ncias anal?ticas de autores, como Williams, Gramsci, Adorno, Freire, Shiva, Soares, Molina, Tonet, entre outros, todos tamb?m importantes para a constru??o deste trabalho. As fontes documentais estudadas, assim como as orais os atores entrevistados tamb?m permitiram, de modo insubstitu?vel e significativamente, uma an?lise cr?tica sobre as proposi??es pedag?gicas e a articula??o entre a escola, trabalho familiar e educa??o, realizada na forma??o da CFRU, nas sess?es de altern?ncia entre Tempo Escola e Tempo Fam?lia. Os resultados s?o pontuados ao decorrer da estrutura??o dos cap?tulos, conforme se apresentaram nas diversas fontes e na leitura que destes se fez. Uma leitura que sinaliza para a afirma??o de que ? poss?vel ultrapassar a ?nfase sobre o tecnicismo, mediado na rela??o pr?tica/teoria/pr?tica, ainda presente na altern?ncia, e, assim, poder fazer um trabalho educativo que pretenda contribuir para a forma??o de jovens com capacidade de ser, pensar e agir de fato como sujeitos de sua hist?ria

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-07T11:45:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thamy Pereira dos Santos.pdf: 7278124 bytes, checksum: 0c7bfb473e609d8d86d0ad9ab925114e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T11:45:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thamy Pereira dos Santos.pdf: 7278124 bytes, checksum: 0c7bfb473e609d8d86d0ad9ab925114e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 / This work defines practical activities from daily life of young farmers and their families in the context of Mathematical teaching within the Alternation Pedagogy. The study was realized at the public school CEFFA Rei Alberto I in the Nova Friburgo city (RJ/Brazil). Those practical activities were developed with individuals of years six and eight of Brazilian Basic Education. The teacher and researcher believes to be crucial the connection among the Mathematics curricular contents, described into the Formation Plan, with culture and prior knowledge of students. It was applied a qualitative approach with research and active participation inside the youngers reality to reanalyze the class design, contextualize themes, value the local identity and deepen mathematical knowledge throughout interaction of all these elements. It was intended rise the motivation created during the classes by discussions of daily problems or a predetermined theme to assess the learning process. The research highlights the importance of the knowledge on local community reality and its behavior. Thus the mathematical context can be discussed in the classroom, and its topics and theoretical insights can be built in cooperation between school and community / jovens e de seus familiares inseridos no Campo, no contexto do Ensino da Matem?tica, no cen?rio da Pedagogia da Altern?ncia, no Col?gio Municipal CEFFA Rei Alberto I, localizado em Nova Friburgo, RJ. Para alcan?ar esta finalidade, estas pr?ticas pedag?gicas foram desenvolvidas com os sujeitos de duas turmas, sendo uma delas do 6? ano e outra do 8? ano do Ensino Fundamental desta mesma unidade de ensino. A pesquisadora e professora/monitora do CEFFA em quest?o acredita ser relevante a interlocu??o entre os conte?dos curriculares da Matem?tica, os Temas Geradores predispostos no Plano de Forma??o, com a cultura e os conhecimentos pr?vios dos educandos. Utiliza-se uma abordagem qualitativa com pesquisa e observa??o participante na realidade desses jovens, a fim de compor outros olhares para planejar as aulas, contextualizar temas, valorizar a identidade local e aprofundar conceitos matem?ticos atrav?s da intera??o de todos esses elementos. Pretende-se trazer ao di?logo a motiva??o produzida durante as aulas das turmas citadas, a partir de problem?ticas da realidade ou de um determinado Tema previamente estabelecido, vislumbrando, com isso, poder avaliar a din?mica do processo de aprendizagem. A pesquisa mostrou que ? necess?rio conhecer as din?micas da realidade local, para que o contexto matem?tico presente nele possa ser vislumbrado e dialogado em sala de aula, e suas costuras tem?ticas e aprofundamentos te?ricos possam ser constru?dos junto ? comunidade escolar

In der vorliegenden qualitativen Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Biografie und Identitätsarbeit im höheren Lebensalter untersucht. Die Autorinnen betrachten hierbei vor allem die Rolle von Anerkennung als Teil der Identitätsarbeit in ihrer biografischen Verfasstheit sowie die Rolle von Anerkennung im sozialen Kontext einer intergenerationellen Gruppe. Den Medien kommt dabei aufgrund ihres zentralen Stellenwerts innerhalb der Gruppe und den Möglichkeiten, die sie den Subjekten als Orientierungsangebote und Ausdrucksmittel bieten, eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Neben Einblicken in den Zusammenhang von Identitätsarbeit und Biografie diskutiert die Untersuchung ebenso die Bedeutung von Medienkompetenz als Ressource für Anerken-nung und leitet Handlungsempfehlungen für die (intergenerationelle) pädagogische Praxis ab.

Research in younger adults dissociates cognitive from affective facets of social information processing, rather than promoting a monolithic view of social intelligence. An influential theory on adult development suggests differential effects of aging on cognitive and affective functions. However, this dissociation has not been directly tested in the social domain. Employing a newly developed naturalistic paradigm that disentangles facets of the social mind within an individual, we show multi-directionality of age-related differences. Specifically, components of the socio-cognitive route – Theory of Mind and metacognition – are impaired in older relative to younger adults. Nevertheless, these social capacities are still less affected by aging than factual reasoning and metacognition regarding non-social content. Importantly, the socio-affective route is well-functioning, with no decline in empathy and elevated compassion in the elderly. These findings contribute to an integrated theory of age-related change in social functioning and inform interventions tailored to specifically reinstate socio-cognitive skills in old age.

Research in younger adults dissociates cognitive from affective facets of social information processing, rather than promoting a monolithic view of social intelligence. An influential theory on adult development suggests differential effects of aging on cognitive and affective functions. However, this dissociation has not been directly tested in the social domain. Employing a newly developed naturalistic paradigm that disentangles facets of the social mind within an individual, we show multi-directionality of age-related differences. Specifically, components of the socio-cognitive route – Theory of Mind and metacognition – are impaired in older relative to younger adults. Nevertheless, these social capacities are still less affected by aging than factual reasoning and metacognition regarding non-social content. Importantly, the socio-affective route is well-functioning, with no decline in empathy and elevated compassion in the elderly. These findings contribute to an integrated theory of age-related change in social functioning and inform interventions tailored to specifically reinstate socio-cognitive skills in old age.

In der vorliegenden qualitativen Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Biografie und Identitätsarbeit im höheren Lebensalter untersucht. Die Autorinnen betrachten hierbei vor allem die Rolle von Anerkennung als Teil der Identitätsarbeit in ihrer biografischen Verfasstheit sowie die Rolle von Anerkennung im sozialen Kontext einer intergenerationellen Gruppe. Den Medien kommt dabei aufgrund ihres zentralen Stellenwerts innerhalb der Gruppe und den Möglichkeiten, die sie den Subjekten als Orientierungsangebote und Ausdrucksmittel bieten, eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Neben Einblicken in den Zusammenhang von Identitätsarbeit und Biografie diskutiert die Untersuchung ebenso die Bedeutung von Medienkompetenz als Ressource für Anerken-nung und leitet Handlungsempfehlungen für die (intergenerationelle) pädagogische Praxis ab.

Das Altern ist ein komplexer biologischer Prozess mit vermehrten Zellschäden und altersbedingten Krankheiten. Diese Studie erforscht das Anti-Aging-Potenzial pflanzlicher Extrakte der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM) anhand des Nematoden Caenorhabditis elegans. Von sieben getesteten Pflanzenextrakten wurden E. ulmoides und C. chinensis ausgewählt, da sie einen Überlebensvorteil in Stresssituationen bei gealterten C. elegans bewirkten. Diese Extrakte verlängerten die Lebensdauer und verbesserten das Überleben nach Hitzestress, oxidativem Stress und pathogenem Stress. Besonders bemerkenswert ist, dass nur der Extrakt von C. chinensis die körperliche Fitness signifikant steigerte, begleitet von Verbesserungen im Kurzzeitgedächtnis und mechanosensorischen Eigenschaften von C. elegans. Zudem unterdrückte dieser Extrakt die Darmautofluoreszenz, einen etablierten Marker für den Alterungsprozess. Chemische Analysen mittels UPLC-MS/MS und transkriptomische Analysen gealterter Würmer, die mit den Extrakten behandelt wurden, zeigten bioaktive Verbindungen, wobei Zingibroside R1 aus C. chinensis die Lebensdauer, das Überleben nach Hitzestress und die Fortbewegung verbesserte. Die transkriptomische Analyse enthüllte eine Immunantwortmodulation bei gealterten Nematoden, die mit C. chinensis behandelt wurden, und eine 150-fache Erhöhung der far-3-Expression, die ein Fettsäure-bindendes Protein kodiert. Interessanterweise zeigte sich, dass C. elegans, die mit dem far-3 RNAi-Stamm und C. chinensis behandelt wurden, keine Verbesserung der Gesundheitsspanne aufwiesen. Zusammenfassend hebt diese Studie die differenzierten Wirkungsweisen der getesteten Pflanzenextrakte hervor. Während E. ulmoides gezielt die physiologische Fitness förderte, erwies sich C. chinensis als umfassender Gesundheitsverlängerer. Die Identifizierung bioaktiver Verbindungen und die Aufdeckung molekularer Mechanismen bieten detaillierte Einblicke in die Anti-Aging-Effekte bei Nematoden. / Aging is one of the most complex biological processes leading to increased cell damage and age-related diseases. In this study, I aimed to uncover the potential anti-aging capacities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plant extracts by using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. E. ulmoides and C. chinensis extracts, chosen from seven tested plant extracts, caused a survival advantage during stress in aged C. elegans by extending lifespan and survival after heat, oxidative and pathogenic stress. However, only C. chinensis could enhance physical fitness, short-term memory, and mechanosensory of C. elegans and suppressed intestinal autofluorescence, a marker of aging. Chemical analysis of the C. chinensis and E. ulmoides extracts using UPLC-MS/MS and transcriptomic analysis of aged worms treated with these extracts were applied. UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of several known bioactive compounds. Three of these identified substances, namely astragalin, pinoresinol, and zingibroside R1, were isolated from the C. chinensis extract, and tested. Zingibroside R1 improved the lifespan, survival after heat stress, and locomotion. The transcriptomic analysis revealed a modulation of the immune response in C. chinensis-treated aged nematodes. The expression of far-3, which encodes a fatty acid binding protein, was increased with a 150-fold-change in C. chinensis treated worms, therefore, a far-3 RNA interference (RNAi) strain was created. C. elegans treated with the far-3 RNAi strain and with C. chinensis did not improve healthspan, thus demonstrating the importance of far-3 expression in C. chinensis benefits. In conclusion, this study underlines the different modes of action of the tested plant extracts. E. ulmoides improved specifically the physiological fitness while C. chinensis seems to be an overall healthspan enhancer. Additionally, it provides insights into the components and molecular mechanisms responsible for these anti-aging effects in nematodes.

While the importance of social affect and cognition is indisputable throughout the adult lifespan, findings of how empathy and prosociality develop and interact across adulthood are mixed and real-life data are scarce. Research using ecological momentary assessment recently demonstrated that adults commonly experience empathy in daily life. Furthermore, experiencing empathy was linked to higher prosocial behavior and subjective well-being. However, to date, it is not clear whether there are adult age differences in daily empathy and daily prosociality and whether age moderates the relationship between empathy and prosociality across adulthood. Here we analyzed experience-sampling data collected from participants across the adult lifespan to study age effects on empathy, prosocial behavior, and well-being under real-life circumstances. Linear and quadratic age effects were found for the experience of empathy, with increased empathy across the three younger age groups (18 to 45 years) and a slight decrease in the oldest group (55 years and older). Neither prosocial behavior nor well-being showed significant age-related differences. We discuss these findings with respect to (partially discrepant) results derived from lab-based and traditional survey studies. We conclude that studies linking in-lab experiments with real-life experience-sampling may be a promising venue for future lifespan studies.