The purpose of this study is to model and analyze the nonplanar shear wall assemblies of shear wall-frame structures. Two three dimensional models, for open and closed section shear wall assemblies, are developed. These models are based on conventional wide column analogy, in which a planar shear wall is replaced by an idealized frame structure consisting of a column and rigid beams located at floor levels. The rigid diaphragm floor assumption, which is widely used in the analysis of multistorey building structures, is also taken into consideration. The connections of the rigid beams are released against torsion in the model proposed for open section shear walls. For modelling closed section shear walls, in addition to this the torsional stiffness of the wide columns are adjusted by using a series of equations. Several shear wall-frame systems having different shapes of nonplanar shear wall assemblies are analyzed by static lateral load, response spectrum and time history methods where the proposed methods are used. The results of these analyses are compared with the results obtained by using common shear wall modelling techniques.

The main concern of the thesis is the problem of reconciliation of freedom and natural causality and to investigate how Kant makes a room for freedom. Kant, firstly, in &ldquo / Analytic&rdquo / , constitutes the conditions of knowledge upon which the objective validity of the law of causality entirely rests. This process of constitution also determines the limits of experience. On the other hand, Kant, in &ldquo / Dialectic&rdquo / , postulates freedom as a noumenal cause together with the law of causality. Transcendental freedom, in this case, is a problematic concept which transcends the limits of experience, as it seems to destruct the unity of experience. However, Kant gives up neither the law of causality nor the idea of freedom, but rather he insists upon the idea that they can exist together without contradiction by asserting the distinction between phenomena and noumena as different grounds on which these two different types of causalities rest. According to Kant both are indispensable, as the former is necessary for the knowledge and the latter is absolutely needed for morality. In this context this thesis aims to explain the objective validity of natural causality which is proved in Second Analogy and the transcendental ground of the idea of freedom which is established in the solution of Third Antinomy in Kant&rsquo / s Critique of Pure Reason. And it is discussed whether Kant&rsquo / s solution of this issue is satisfactory and legitimate or not.

Common lawyers are notoriously suspicious of legal theory. This is exemplified by the dearth of theoretical content in Australian corporate law debate. If the first sin of legal theory is “to presume that it can offer a blueprint for actual decision-making and be a substitute for judicial and lawyerly wisdom”, then surely it is an equal transgression to profess that judicial and lawyerly wisdom can for long elude criticism without a sound theoretical basis. Reasoning by analogy is commonplace. This is as true in legal reasoning as in any other discipline. Indeed, it has been suggested that in the Australian legal context analogical reasoning is the very same “judicial and lawyerly wisdom” referred to above. In order to determine whether there is a true analogy, a number of legal scholars have suggested that a variety of potential known source analogues should be carefully analysed for their potential relevance to a less familiar target analogue lest an inapt analogy should lead one into error. The modern trading company is widely regarded as an apt source analogue for resolving jurisprudential issues involving incorporated associations and societies. However the basis upon which this assertion is made has never been adequately elucidated. This thesis tests the hypothesis that the modern trading company is the most apt source analogue for developing a jurisprudence of incorporated associations and societies. This is achieved using a theoretical approach drawn from corporate realist theory that is informed by an epidemiological investigation of incorporated sporting associations and societies in Australia and New Zealand.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-152)

Notre enquête entend présenter les enjeux philosophiques soulevés par la physiognomonie, cet art, cette technique, cette pseudoscience qui entend connaître et prétend juger un individu en se fondant sur l’étude de sa complexion physique. Le corpus des textes afférents, hétérogène et protéiforme, s’appuie sur des pans entiers de pratiques et de savoirs anciens quasiment tombés dans l’oubli et qui continuent à nourrir néanmoins l’histoire des représentations. Notre corpus s’étend depuis les origines mésopotamiennes de la physiognomonie jusqu’à l’Age classique. La méthode adoptée est historique et conceptuelle. Elle a permis d’établir que l’histoire de la physiognomonie s’organise autour de deux grands paradigmes : paradigme de l’analogie et paradigme de l’expression, dont il s’agit de montrer l’articulation chronologique et logique. Les schèmes de pensée à l’œuvre étayent une sémiologie et une herméneutique dans différentes directions : médicales, mantiques, esthétiques. L’analyse raisonnée du maillage des classifications et des correspondances que la physiognomonie implique, permet de dessiner les frontières topologiques et symboliques de l’humain, aux confins de la rationalité et de l’imagination. / The purpose of our research is to explore the philosophical issues raised by physiognomy – an art, a technique, a pseudoscience according to which an individual’s inner nature can be revealed and judged on the analysis of his physical features. Our heterogeneous and protean body of references relies on whole panels of practices and ancient skills that have somehow sunk into oblivion but still keep feeding the history of representations. Our body of research is spanning a wide period, ranging from the Mesopotamian origins of physiognomy to the Classical Age. Our method of investigation focuses on the history of ideas and concept analysis. It has allowed us to assert that the history of physiognomy is built on two paradigms: the paradigm of analogy and the paradigm of expression whose chronological and logical articulations are to be defined. The thought processes involved support semiological and hermeneutical approaches that take different directions: medical, ominous and aesthetics ones. An accurate reasoned analysis of the texture of classifications and correspondences woven by physiognomy enables us to draw the topological and symbolical frontiers of the Human, on the fringes of rationality and imagination.

Nous avons étudié le développement du raisonnement par analogie. La conception traditionnelle de ce développement est qu’il dépend de l’accroissement des connaissances des enfants (Gentner, 1983, 1988 ; Goswami & Brown, 1989, 1990). Nous l’avons abordé sous l’angle du développement des fonctions exécutives, en particulier - de la composante d’inhibition. La capacité d’inhibition permet la suppression des informations saillantes mais non pertinentes pour faire l’analogie. Elle est requise lors de la recherche de la solution analogique. Neuf études ont été réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse. Nous avons utilisé une tâche classique d’analogie du type A : B :: C : ?. Le rôle de la capacité d’inhibition a été testé par la présence de distracteurs perceptifs ou sémantiques qui entrent en compétition avec la solution analogique. Ils doivent être inhibés lors de sa recherche. Les résultats montrent que les informations saillantes mais non pertinentes pour trouver la solution analogique interfèrent avec sa découverte ou sa construction. Par conséquent, les performances des enfants à la tâche d’analogie dépendraient du degré de développement de leurs fonctions exécutives. Ces résultats sont compatibles avec les résultats de Richland, Morrison & Holyoak (2006) qui expliquent les performances des enfants à une tâche d’analogie par les limitations dans leur fonctionnement exécutif. / We explored the development of the analogical reasoning. The traditional conception of this development is that it is dependent of knowledge accretion in children (Gentner, 1983, 1988; Goswami & Brown, 1989, 1990). We used a different approach which explains it as dependent of the development of the executive functions, particularly of the component of inhibition. The capacity of inhibition allows the suppression of the salient but irrelevant information for analogy-making in children. It is required while searching for the analogical solution. Nine studies involving a classical analogy-making task A : B :: C : ? were performed in this dissertation. The role of the capacity of inhibition was tested using perceptual or semantic distractors conflicting with the analogical solution. The distractors must be inhibited while searching for the analogical solution. Results show that all salient but irrelevant information for analogy-making interferes with the discovery or the construction of the analogical solution. Therefore, children’s performances of the analogy-making task depend on the degree of development of their executive functions. These results are consistent with the results of Richland, Morrison & Holyoak (2006) explaining children’s performances on an analogy-making task by the limitations of their executive functioning.

Comment définir la déroutante pensée de Bonaventure ? Étienne Gilson y voyait à l’œuvre une « logique de l’analogie », tandis que Hans Urs von Balthasar la présentait comme une « monadologie sans harmonie préétablie ». Dans les deux cas, c’est l’expressionnisme du Docteur séraphique qui se trouve mis en valeur : les créatures représentent leur Créateur par tout leur être, et le Créateur lui-même exprime ses créatures. Toutefois, cet expressionnisme universel et divin n’est que la face visible d’une structure dynamique et tripartite plus vaste que l’on peut appeler, en s’appuyant sur d’importantes déclarations de Bonaventure, la logique de la ressemblance. S’émancipant des restrictions et des interdits dionysiens et augustiniens, Bonaventure a étendu le champ sémantique et conceptuel de similitudo en réunissant sous ce vocable toutes les entités « mineures », c’est-à-dire tous les êtres dépendant radicalement d’une origine qu’ils expriment et vers laquelle ils reconduisent ou sont reconduits : le Fils, les créatures images, les créatures vestiges, les espèces sensibles, etc. Dans ce dispositif dont l’homme et le Christ occupent le centre, c’est la réconciliation du ciel et de la terre, de Dieu et du monde, de la théologie et de la métaphysique, que Bonaventure donne à voir. / Bonaventure’s puzzling thought seems to challenge any attempt to define it. Étienne Gilson saw it as a « logic of analogy », while Hans Urs von Balthasar summed it up as a « monadology without preestablished harmony ». Both of them thus emphasize the seraphic Doctor’s expressionism : each creature represents its Creator through its whole being, and the Creator himself expresses his creatures. However, this universal and divine expressionism is but the visible side of a dynamic and threefold structure that we suggest to call, according to several Bonaventure’s important texts, the logic of resemblance. Liberating himself from Dionysian and Augustinian restrictions and proscriptions, Bonaventure broadened the semantic and conceptual field of similitudo by gathering in this noun all « minor » entities, i.e. all beings that completely depend on an origin that they express and towards which they lead or are led back : these are the Son, the image creatures, the vestige creatures, the sensible likenesses (species), etc. Throughout this device, whose center is occupied by the human being and Christ, Bonaventure makes us see the reconciliation of heaven with earth, of the world with God, of theology with metaphysics.

O raciocínio jurídico analógico tem sido visto ora como forma de raciocínio essencial ao Direito, ora como mecanismo pernicioso e arbitrário de tomada de decisões, em prejuízo ao Estado de Direito. O presente trabalho parte da hipótese de que o raciocínio analógico é mecanismo que promove segurança jurídica, e, não, indeterminação. Para sustentar tal ideia, a primeira parte desta discussão apresenta o ponto de vista de diferentes teóricos do direito que procuraram expor ou negar a existência de uma estrutura própria dessa forma de raciocínio. A segunda parte, por sua vez, propõe um balanço acerca dessas perspectivas, identificando-se elementos pertinentes à estrutura do raciocínio analógico e passíveis de análise específica e de crítica, com possibilidade de reformulação ou de melhor compreensão dos pontos colocados em evidência. A terceira parte, por fim, estabelece relação entre raciocínio analógico e coerência, entendendo esta como essencial para compreender de que maneira tal espécie de raciocínio pode promover segurança jurídica; para tanto, discute os conceitos de coerência e de integridade do direito, e, então, propõe que é possível verificar, do ponto de vista prático, relação entre a forma de desenvolvimento de raciocínios analógicos e os institutos jurídicos, de maneira a sustentar, por fim, que a analogia pode constituir mecanismo de segurança jurídica e de densificação do direito. O trabalho conclui que o raciocínio analógico desempenha papel relevante no Estado de Direito, nem sempre percebido como tal. / Analogical legal reasoning has been seen both as a form of reasoning essential to the law and as a pernicious and arbitrary mechanism of decision-making, undermining the rule of law. The present work is based on the hypothesis that analogical reasoning is a mechanism that increases legal certainty, not indetermination. To support this idea, the first part of this discussion presents the point of view of different legal theorists who sought to expose or deny the existence of a proper structure of this form of reasoning. The second part, in turn, proposes a balance on these perspectives, identifying pertinent elements to the structure of analogical reasoning, which are subject to specific analysis and criticism, with the possibility of reformulation or better understanding of the highlighted points. The third part, finally, establishes a relation between analogical reasoning and coherence, understanding this as essential to comprehend how this kind of reasoning can promote legal certainty; for this, it discusses the concepts of coherence and integrity of the law, and then it proposes that it is possible to verify, from a practical point of view, the relationship between the development of analogical reasoning and institutions of law, in order to sustain, lastly, that analogy can constitute a mechanism of legal certainty and densification of the law. This work concludes that analogical reasoning plays a relevant role in the rule of law, not always perceived as such.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-25T17:46:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEANE SUZART LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 5854136 bytes, checksum: 53ad884741cc73ecccec51b2ce932224 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-25T17:47:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEANE SUZART LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 5854136 bytes, checksum: 53ad884741cc73ecccec51b2ce932224 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-25T17:47:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEANE SUZART LOPES DA SILVA.pdf: 5854136 bytes, checksum: 53ad884741cc73ecccec51b2ce932224 (MD5) / Trata a presente tese do problema referente à ausência de efetividade do direito do consumidor à informação e à educação sobre a garantia legal dos produtos e serviços diante dos vícios que podem acometê-los. Arregimentou-se, como hipótese central, se os princípios previstos na Lei n. 8.078/90 – Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor- seriam suficientes para exigir do fornecedor que informe ao consumidor sobre a existência da proteção legal ao conceder a garantia contratual, porquanto, não existe norma que determine expressamente esse dever e, no campo concreto, aquele vem se omitindo; ou se as normas legais existentes seriam suficientes para solucionar a questão, desde que submetidas à hermenêutica crítica das disposições constitucionais que erigiram o direito consumidor ao patamar de fundamental. Objetivou-se, assim, examinar, de forma crítica, o deficitário direito do consumidor à informação e à educação acerca da proteção legal deferida e as providências concretas que podem contribuir para a sua implementação. Utilizaram-se, para tanto, os métodos hipotético-dedutivo, dialético, argumentativo, hermenêutico, histórico e monográfico, visto que o tratamento do tema não se concretizou apenas sob a ótica dogmática, transpondo-se para o âmbito zetético e interdisciplinar, envolvendo o Direito das Relações de Consumo e o Direito Constitucional e, ainda, aspectos filosóficos e sociológicos relevantes, além das pesquisas exploratória, bibliográfica, documental e de campo, valendo-se das técnicas da documentação indireta e direta intensivas (entrevistas e formulários). Realizou-se, em quatro capítulos, a análise das origens históricas da relação jurídica de consumo, dos sujeitos participantes, dos produtos e serviços e dos vícios que podem afetá-los, da responsabilidade dos integrantes da cadeia de fornecimento, à luz das disposições legais e constitucionais. O direito à informação e à educação do consumidor foi examinado sob a ótica constitucional e legal no quinto capítulo, destinando-se o sétimo e o oitavo a tratar da necessária hermenêutica constitucional e da promoção da efetividade do direito do consumidor. Concluiu-se, através da pesquisa de campo realizada, que o problema existe no plano concreto e que a solução não se encontra atrelada à modificação das normas jurídicas existentes nem tampouco na utilização dos discursos exegético-positivista ou discursivo-procedimental, mas, sim, na adoção da “Hermenêutica Crítica Constitucional”, não com base na ponderação entre o direito fundamental do consumidor e a livre iniciativa, já que se encontram em planos constitucionais distintos, devendo o primeiro predominar equilibradamente em face da segunda. Assim, os entes que integram o Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor podem, através de medidas extrajudiciais e judiciais, convocar os fornecedores para agirem de modo lídimo, bem como promoverem a educação da população

Entre os textos bíblicos que mais foram debatidos pelos intérpretes bíblicos está Jz 11,29-40 cuja narrativa descreve o sacrifício da filha de Jefté que de alguma forma foi levado a cabo pelo seu próprio pai. Nas tradições judaica, cristã e contemporânea diferentes olhares incidiram sobre essa perícope. Uma história da exegese tão prolífera como esta implica numa relevante questão acerca natureza do processo hermenêutico: até que ponto fatores éticoreligiosos do contexto e ambiente da interpretação influenciam a compreensão de um texto. Essa preocupação envolve o cerne desta proposta de estudo. A mesma preocupação está presente na obra do filósofo H.G. Gadamer, cuja teoria hermenêutica ressalta a historicidade e finitude do intérprete. Os conceitos gadamerianos de fusão de horizontes, tradição e préconceito podem ajudar a elucidar as diferentes percepções sobre essa narrativa tão intrigante ao longo da história da interpretação. Ao mesmo tempo abrem a discussão sobre a teoria hermenêutica adequada para abordar textos religiosos. Neste trabalho isso se dá a partir de uma avaliação da assim chamada ―nova hermenêutica‖, aqui representada por Gadamer, apontando suas contribuições e limitações. Palavras-chave: hermenêutica, tradição judaico-cristã, história da interpretação