Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:12:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_jonatas_mattos.pdf: 1440032 bytes, checksum: c0b4bd436e6281821dc941d90b46eaf6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-17 / Among the biblical texts that have been discussed more by his interpreters is Judges 11,29-40 whose narrative describes the sacrifice of Jephthah s daughter who somehow was carried out his own father. The Judeo-Christian-contemporary tradition focused on different looks this portion. A history of exegesis as prolific as this implies a relevant question about the nature of the hermeneutic process: the extent to which ethical and religious factors external to the text itself influence the truth about it. This concern involves the core of this proposed study. The same concern is present in the work of the philosopher HG Gadamer's hermeneutical theory which stressed the historicity and finitude of the interpreter. The concepts of fusion of horizons, tradition and pre-concept may help to elucidate the different perceptions on this story so intriguing. At the same time open up the discussion of hermeneutical theory adequate to deal with religious texts. In this work, this will happen from an evaluation of the so-called "new hermeneutics" here represented by Gadamer, highlighting its contributions and limitations / Entre os textos bíblicos que mais foram debatidos pelos intérpretes bíblicos está Jz 11,29-40 cuja narrativa descreve o sacrifício da filha de Jefté que de alguma forma foi levado a cabo pelo seu próprio pai. Nas tradições judaica, cristã e contemporânea diferentes olhares incidiram sobre essa perícope. Uma história da exegese tão prolífera como esta implica numa relevante questão acerca natureza do processo hermenêutico: até que ponto fatores éticoreligiosos do contexto e ambiente da interpretação influenciam a compreensão de um texto. Essa preocupação envolve o cerne desta proposta de estudo. A mesma preocupação está presente na obra do filósofo H.G. Gadamer, cuja teoria hermenêutica ressalta a historicidade e finitude do intérprete. Os conceitos gadamerianos de fusão de horizontes, tradição e préconceito podem ajudar a elucidar as diferentes percepções sobre essa narrativa tão intrigante ao longo da história da interpretação. Ao mesmo tempo abrem a discussão sobre a teoria hermenêutica adequada para abordar textos religiosos. Neste trabalho isso se dá a partir de uma avaliação da assim chamada ―nova hermenêutica‖, aqui representada por Gadamer, apontando suas contribuições e limitações. Palavras-chave: hermenêutica, tradição judaico-cristã, história da interpretação

This thesis deals with the production and characterization of cheese analogues, ie products in which some of the dairy components are mutually or completely replaced by a non-dairy component. Model samples of fresh cheese and analogues of fresh cheese (standard) with the addition of linseed and rapeseed oil were produced by a standard technological procedure in MENDELU Brno. The content of bound and free fatty acids, volatile (aroma) substances and sensory quality was monitored in the samples. The main focus was to evaluate the effect of added vegetable oil on the monitored parameters. The fats from the sample were extracted with a mixture of diethyl ether and petroleum ether. Fatty acids were converted to methyl esters by boron trifluoride-catalyzed acid esterification and subsequently identified by GC-FID. The analysis found a higher content of fatty acids in cheese analogues in comparison with the control sample, also the content of unsaturated fatty acids increased. The HS-SPME-GC-MS method was used for the identification and semi-quantification of volatile substances (aromatic substances). 56 volatile compounds were identified in the samples; The percentage of individual chemical groups differed significantly, the highest content was found in the control sample. Sensory evaluation was performed using a scale and a serial test. In all of monitored indicators (apparence, color, consistency, smell and taste) the control sample was evaluated as best. As for the analogues the taste and smell of used oils were detected, which was unpleasant for the evaluators. The obtained results show that the addition of vegetable oils increases the nutritional value of cheeses (higher content of unsaturated fatty acids), but reduces their sensory quality and overall consumer acceptability.

This paper deals with the manufacture and characterisation of cheese analogues, which are products, where the milk components are totally or partially replaced by non-milk components. Model samples, edam type cheese and the analogue containing hazelnut oil, were manufactured using the standard way at Brno Mendelu. The main parameters chosen to describe the quality of samples were free and bound fatty acids, volatile compounds and sensory quality. The main aim was to judge the influence of added hazelnut oil on mentioned parameters. For the identification and semiquantification of volatile compounds HS-SPME-GC-MS method was used. Fat extraction from sample was made with a mixture of two solvents (diethylether, petrolether), fatty acids were identified and quantified by GC-FID, with their former acid transesterification using methanolic solution of BF3 as a catalyst. For sensory analysis of the appearance, colour, texture, aroma, taste and overall acceptance of the sample descriptive scales and comparison with standard were used, the structure was observed by electron microscopy. The results show that addition of hazelnut oil affects the sensory properties, ripening process (higher amount of volatile compounds, faster lipolysis), nutrition value (higher amount of unsaturated fatty acids), and the stability of the product.

The presented thesis deals with the monitoring sensory quality of processed cheese analogues, focusing mainly on the taste (flavour) and related content of volatile (aroma active) substances. Model samples of analogues were produced by a standard procedure at Tomas Bata University in Zlín. The experimental part was divided into two experiments, which differed in the composition of model samples of analogues. In the first experiment, the traditional fat (butter) was completely replaced by selected vegetable fats (palm, coconut, mixed), in the second experiment only a part (1% w/w - expressed on the total weight of the sample) of butter was replaced by vegetable oils (apricot, flax seed, currant, grape seed). Solid phase microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was used to determine volatiles. Methods based on valid international standards were used to evaluate the sensory quality of samples, focusing mainly on flavor, namely evaluation using scales (ISO 4121), profile test (EN ISO 13299) and ranking test (ISO 8587). The aim of the work was to assess the effect of the addition of various vegetable fats/oils on the above parameters, at the same time their changes were monitored during 6 months of storage (at 6 ° C). The results showed that the vegetable oil used affects both the sensory quality and the content and composition of volatile substances of analogues. Significant differences between samples were mainly in taste, aroma and overall acceptability. The decreasing overall acceptability of the samples can be expressed in experiment I by the order: product with butter coconut palm mixed fat; in the case of experiment II: product with butter apricot = flax = grape currant oil. Mixed fat, currant and grape seed oil proved to be unsuitable for the production of analogues, on the contrary, analogues with coconut fat and apricot oil were evaluated best. Based on the results of sensory analyses, it was shown that the samples maintain a good sensory quality min. for 3 months while maintaining a low storage temperature ( 6 ° C). An analogue with coconut fat, whose taste, aroma and acceptability were rated as very good, and apricot oil, whose taste, aroma and acceptability were even rated as excellent, could enrich the food offer on the market.

Diploma thesis is focused on computational modelling of aerodynamic noise of flow past a solid body. Computation of flow around a cylinder is performed for different meshes and time steps in initial part of the thesis. Results from every computation are compared. Computation aerodynamic noise due to flow around a cylinder is simulated in other part of diploma thesis. In the second benchmark computation, turbulent models have to be considered, because flow with high Reynolds number is turbulent. Computation is based on two different ways: acoustic analogy and direct method. A few different turbulent models is described and is analyzed influence to modelling aerodynamic noise. The results and knowledge of the benchmarks computation have been used in compu-tational modelling of aerodynamic noise of flow around simplified side view mirror. Surface (2D) and spatial (3D) simulations are performed. Based on computation modelling of aerodynamic noise of flow around simplified side view mirror has been designed new geometry, that aim is reduced aerodynamic noise and improved aerodynamic parameters.

In this era of increasingly rapid availability of resources of all kinds, a widespread need to characterize, filtrate, use, and evaluate what could be necessary and useful becomes a crucially vital everyday task. Neither research in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) nor in cognitive science (CogSci) is an exception (let alone within a crossing of both paths). A promised goal of AI was to primarily focus on the study and design of intelligent artifacts that show aspects of human-like general intelligence (GI). That is, facets of intelligence similar to those exhibited by human beings in solving problems related to cognition. However, the focus in achieving AI’s original goal is scattered over time. The initial ambitions in the 1960s and 1970s had grown by the 1980s into an "industry", where not only researchers and engineers but also entire companies developed the AI technologies in building specialized hardware. But the result is that technology afforded us with many, many devices that allegedly work like humans, though they can only be considered as life facilitators (if they even do). This is mainly due to, I propose, basic changes on viewing what true essences of intelligence should have been considered within scientific research when modeling systems with GI capacities. A modern scientific approach to achieving AI by simulating cognition is mainly based on representations and implementations of higher cognition in artificial systems. Luckily, such systems are essentially designed with the intention to be acquired with a "human like" level of GI, so that their functionalities are supported by results (and solution methodologies) from many cognitive scientific disciplines. In classical AI, only a few number of attempts have tried to integrate forms of higher cognitive abilities in a uniform framework that model, in particular, cross-domain reasoning abilities, and solve baffling cognition problems —the kind of problems that a cognitive being (endowed with traits of GI) could only solve. Unlike classical AI, the intersection between the recent research disciplines: artificial general intelligence (AGI) and CogSci, is promising in this regard. The new direction is mostly concerned with studying, modeling, and computing AI capabilities that simulate facets of GI and functioning of higher cognitive mechanisms. Whence, the focus in this thesis is on examining general problem solving capabilities of cognitive beings that are both: "human-comparable" and "cognitively inspired", in order to contribute to answering two substantial research questions. The first seeks to find whether it is still necessary to model higher cognitive abilities in models of AGI, and the second asks about the possibility to utilize cognitive mechanisms to enable cognitive agents demonstrate clear signs of human-like (general) intelligence. Solutions to cross-domain reasoning problems (that characterize human-like thinking) need to be modeled in a way that reflects essences of cognition and GI of the reasoner. This could actually be achieved (among other things) through utilizing cross-domain, higher cognitive mechanisms. Examples of such cognitive mechanisms include analogy-making and concept blending (CB), which are exceptional as active areas of recent research in cognitive science, though not enough attention has been given to the rewards and benefits one gets when they interact. A basic claim of the thesis is that several aspects of human-comparable level of GI are based on forms of (cross-domain) representations and (creative) productions of conceptions. The thesis shows that computing these aspects within AGI-based systems is indispensable for their modeling. In addition, the aspects can be modeled by employing certain cognitive mechanisms. The specific examples of mechanisms most relevant to the current text are computation of generalizations (i.e. abstractions) using analogy-making (i.e. transferring a conceptualization from one domain into another domain) and CB (i.e. merging parts of conceptualizations of two domains into a new domain). Several ideas are presented and discussed in the thesis to support this claim, by showing how the utilization of these mechanisms can be modeled within a logic-based framework. The framework to be used is Heuristic-Driven Theory Projection (HDTP), which can model solutions to a concrete set of cognition problems (including creativity, rationality, noun-noun combinations, and the analysis of counterfactual conditionals). The resulting contributions may be considered as a necessary, although not by any means a sufficient, step to achieve intelligence on a human-comparable scale in AGI-based systems. The thesis thus fills an important gap in models of AGI, because computing intelligence on a human-comparable scale (which is, indeed, an ultimate goal of AGI) needs to consider the modeling of solutions to, in particular, the aforementioned problems.

[pt] A cadência argumentativa da República de Platão é organizada principalmente em torno de um único recurso formal, a analogia alma-cidade. Para entendermos melhor como ela funciona e que uso Platão poderia esperar dela, procuramos entender, nesta dissertação, os sentidos de proporção e elementos empregados neste contexto, tendo por instrumento a explicitação de uma comparação que o próprio Platão faz por meio de Sócrates: aquela entre o ordenamento das letras em palavras e o de partes que compõem conjuntos unitários (sejam eles indivíduos ou cidades). A partir desta estrutura podemos entender mais qualificadamente as tripartições da cidade e da alma sugeridas pelo diálogo, a teoria do desejo contida nelas e a possível harmonização das nossas motivações conflitantes, que levam a um conceito coletivo de felicidade. / [en] The course of the argument in Plato s Republic is primarily organized around a single formal engine, the city-soul analogy. To better understand its procedure and the use that Plato might have expected from it, we will seek to understand, in this dissertation, the meanings of proportion and elements employed therein by making more explicit the comparison that Plato himself makes through Socrates: the one between the order of letters in words and the sets of parts that make up units (either in the case of individuals or cities). From this understanding we can address more throughly the tripartions of the city and the soul the dialogue suggests, the theory of desire contained therein and the possible harmonization of our conflicting motivations, which lead to a collective concept of happiness.

Ribbed plates comprising cross-laminated timber slab, CLT, with glulam beams allow for increased span length compared to pure CLT slabs. At the moment the Eurocodes do not provide any recommendations to design a CLT plate or a ribbed plate. There are handbooks for designing ribbed plates. But are their methods the best suited? Should one use Eurocode’s gamma-method, Timoshenko, shear analogy method or maybe an FE-model? This is difficult to answer, but nevertheless important questions for a structural engineer today. This master thesis investigates some of the different design methods used today in a numerical study. The study compares analytical methods and FE-models by investigating different parameters, like span lengths 6 m, 12 m, and 18 m, or uniform load and point load. Furthermore, this thesis provides guidance and help to apply design methods for ribbed plates. The outcome of the study shows a tendency for the gamma-method and the extended gamma-method giving the lowest deflections and normal stresses in many situations. Thus, there could be a risk of underestimating these properties by using the gamma-method. On the other hand there were consistent results with the gamma-methods compared to Timoshenko- and shear analogy-method which showed more deviations from the extended gamma-method as reference. The Timoshenko-method showed anomalies with thicker CLT. In addition, an Abaqus model with 3D elements and RFEM models with 2D and 1D elements were applied. The Abaqus models gave in general higher deflections and consistent results. Concluding from this thesis the Abaqus model together with the extended gamma-method would complement each other most efficiently in the design process of ribbed plates.

Software effort estimation by analogy is a viable alternative method to other estimation techniques, and in many cases, researchers found it outperformed other estimation methods in terms of accuracy and practitioners¿ acceptance. However, the overall performance of analogy based estimation depends on two major factors: similarity measure and attribute selection & weighting. Current similarity measures such as nearest neighborhood techniques have been criticized that have some inadequacies related to attributes relevancy, noise and uncertainty in addition to the problem of using categorical attributes. This research focuses on improving the efficiency and flexibility of analogy-based estimation to overcome the abovementioned inadequacies. Particularly, this thesis proposes two new approaches to model and handle uncertainty in similarity measurement method and most importantly to reflect the structure of dataset on similarity measurement using Fuzzy modeling based Fuzzy C-means algorithm. The first proposed approach called Fuzzy Grey Relational Analysis method employs combined techniques of Fuzzy set theory and Grey Relational Analysis to improve local and global similarity measure and tolerate imprecision associated with using different data types (Continuous and Categorical). The second proposed approach presents the use of Fuzzy numbers and its concepts to develop a practical yet efficient approach to support analogy-based systems especially at early phase of software development. Specifically, we propose a new similarity measure and adaptation technique based on Fuzzy numbers. We also propose a new attribute subset selection algorithm and attribute weighting technique based on the hypothesis of analogy-based estimation that assumes projects that are similar in terms of attribute value are also similar in terms of effort values, using row-wise Kendall rank correlation between similarity matrix based project effort values and similarity matrix based project attribute values. A literature review of related software engineering studies revealed that the existing attribute selection techniques (such as brute-force, heuristic algorithms) are restricted to the choice of performance indicators such as (Mean of Magnitude Relative Error and Prediction Performance Indicator) and computationally far more intensive. The proposed algorithms provide sound statistical basis and justification for their procedures. The performance figures of the proposed approaches have been evaluated using real industrial datasets. Results and conclusions from a series of comparative studies with conventional estimation by analogy approach using the available datasets are presented. The studies were also carried out to statistically investigate the significant differences between predictions generated by our approaches and those generated by the most popular techniques such as: conventional analogy estimation, neural network and stepwise regression. The results and conclusions indicate that the two proposed approaches have potential to deliver comparable, if not better, accuracy than the compared techniques. The results also found that Grey Relational Analysis tolerates the uncertainty associated with using different data types. As well as the original contributions within the thesis, a number of directions for further research are presented. Most chapters in this thesis have been disseminated in international journals and highly refereed conference proceedings. / Applied Science University, Jordan.

Knots are usually regarded as defects when grading lumber. In order to evaluate a member under out-of-plane loading, shear strength is one of the major mechanical properties, specifically, rolling shear (RS) strength is one of the critical mechanical properties of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT), which determines the flexural strength of CLT under short-span bending loads. Lower grade lumber with a higher percentage of knots is recommended to be utilized for the cross-layer laminations which are mainly responsible for resisting shear stresses. Firstly, shear tests were performed in order to evaluate the effect of knots on longitudinal shear strength using shear blocks. After that, the effect of knots on the RS strength of 3-ply southern yellow pine CLT were investigated by experimental tests and an analytical model. Center-point bending tests with a span-to-depth ratio of 6 and two-plate shear tests with a loading angle of 14° were conducted on six CLT configurations composed of different types of cross layer laminations: clear flatsawn lumber with/without pith, lumber with sound knots with/without pith, and lumber with decayed knots with/without pith. The shear analogy method was implemented to evaluate the RS strength values from the bending test results, which were also compared against the results from the two-plate shear tests. It was found that: (1) The shear blocks containing sound knots had higher shear strength than matched clear shear blocks, the shear blocks containing unsound knots had lower shear strength than the matched clear shear blocks. (2) CLT specimens with cross-layer laminations with either sound knots or decayed knots had higher RS strength. (3) In general, the shear analogy method underestimated the RS strength of CLT specimens containing knots and pith.