The aim of the labor is to review the difference of development in energy politics of each EU Member state, the different development of power and gas production and consumption. Between the aims of this dissertation thesis belongs checking of the power and gas market, detection of weak and strong sites, comparison of association with insufficient production capacities and problems with import of gas from the states outside of EU. The main objective is to describe some important aspects of the co-operation with Russia as a strong partner of today and into the future regarding the gas supplies to EU. Another objective is an answer to a question what does mean liberalization and which influence it has on the energy politics of EU in context of EK Directive with respect to solving of problems with shortage of power, price increase and insufficient investment into the new recourses of energy and cross-border capacities, also the unsatisfactory co-operation between the states of EU in this problem. The future of the European energetic originally set if possible on the highest autonomy of delivery strikes against the problem of fossil fuel recourses decreasing. At the same time the world recourses of a crude oil are decreasing and their rest is estimated for the next 60 years. Considering this situation is the change of the prime fuel recourses structure for Europe unavoidable and actual. It is necessary to count on that the import European independence in the next 50 years will increase rapidly and the import of fuels will be absolutely dominative. The package of solutions which could help to overcome the future crisis is not big enough. The market liberalization with energy recourses of EU should make possible the access and competitive business to the smaller companies on this market and provide the similar market conditions which have oligopolies. In case of EU Member states there is necessary an energy solidarity that is just often discussed. The basic problem is that there should exist the common policy not only of energy but foreign affairs as well. The real progress won't be achieved if we don't accept the clear rules of behavior in energetic by each Government of the EU Member states. The solution I can see in case that we have a Constitution to enable unity in foreign and energy policy, so that reliability, security and stability of power and gas supplies would be sure. In my opinion making of the common energy policy will take a big engagement of all EU Member states and some more time.

Diskussioner om användandet av embryonala stamceller är exempel på ett område där naturvetenskapliga teorier möter en diskussion i samhällshällsdebatten. Värderingar med t ex etiska utgångspunkter påverkar hur naturvetenskaplig forskning bedrivs och hur resultaten från denna forskning tillämpas. När sådana frågor, samhällsfrågor med naturvetenskapligt innehåll, SNI (socioscientific issues, SSI), tas upp i undervisningen är det angeläget att belysa att det i samhällsdebatten förekommer en diskussion där företrädare för ståndpunkter för fram olika argument i frågan. Ett sätt att möta detta behov är att designa en undervisningssekvens som innehåller en rollspelsdiskussion kring en dagordning. Ytterligare bidrag till utvecklingen av argument kan användandet av skrivramar ge. I denna undersökning har ett levande rollspel om embryonala stamceller designats, och några av komponenterna i denna undervisningssekvens har undersökts i en designbaserad studie vid fyra gymnasieskolor. Ett analysverktyg har satts samman av befintliga analysverktyg ur forskningslitteraturen med en del med vars hjälp man kan studera argumentstruktur baserat på Toulmins argument patterns (T), en annan del som tar fasta på inslaget av specifika biologiska kunskaper (K) och en tredje del som belyser den epistemiska nivån (E). TKE- analys av argument kan ge ett underlag som kan användas till att belysa betydelsen av hur undervisningen i SSI läggs upp för elevernas möjligheter att utveckla naturvetenskapliga argument av hög kvalitet. Med analysverktyget TKE kan man se hur olika delar av en undervisningssekvens påverkar utvecklingen av argumentens kvalitet. Eftersom de tre delarna av TKE innehåller olika kvalitativt beskrivna och rangordningsbara nivåer så är det möjligt att koda argumentens kvalitet och därefter genomföra en hypotesprövning. Vid en sådan hypotesprövning bör man beakta att de kodade resultaten är parade ordinaldata och att hypotesprövning kan ske med Wilcoxons teckenrangtest. Genom analys av argument med analysverktyget TKE kan man belysa kvaliteter på olika nivåer hos argument. De kvaliteter som syns i TKE-analys av argument är också kvaliteter som ger belägg vid bedömning enligt skolverkets kunskapskrav aspekt fyra för biologikurserna i gymnasieskolan. TKE - analys visar i att argumentens kvalitet är god efter förberedelserna med skrivramarna som stöd. Rollspelsdiskussioner med konsensuskrav verkar påverka argumentens kvalitet i kvalitetsklassen E men i övrigt kan det inte påvisas att rollspelsdiskussionen bidrar till att argumenten av högre kvalitet kan uttryckas. Men argumentens kvalitet kan förbättras signifikant genom aktiviteter efter rollspelsdiskussionen som att man efter denna erbjuder skriftlig återkoppling på skrivna argument. / Discussions about the use of embryonic stem cells is an example of a socioscientific issue (SSI) where the use of scientific progresses meets the social debate where values with for example ethic points of view affect the discussion. When such topics, socioscientific issues, are included in educational instructions, is it important to illustrate that a discussion takes place in the social debate where arguments based on different points of view are presented. One way to meet this need is to design a teaching sequence, which contains a live role play with a discussion, where students are given the opportunity to exchange arguments with scientific grounds and to listen to others. The use of writing frames is a further contribution to the development of argumentation instruction for an SSI. In this study, a live role play is designed on the socioscientific issue embryonic stem cells. Parts of these teaching sequences have been analyzed in a design based study in four upper secondary schools. An analysis tool has been developed based on the didactic literature with one part that shows the structure of arguments based on Toulmin’s argument patterns (T), a second part that focus on the specific biology knowledge (K) and a third part that makes it possible to analyze the epistemic level (E) of the argument. TKE-analysis could be useful when studying the quality of arguments to show the importance of how instructions for teaching in SSI are structured in order to give the students opportunity to develop scientific arguments of high quality.  When analyzing arguments with TKE it is possible to see how different parts of teaching sequences are affecting the development of the quality of arguments with a focus on the structural and conceptual qualities. Since it is possible to rank the quality levels of the three parts of TKE it is possible to test hypotheses. In such a hypothesis-testing it is important to notice that the results from the TKE analysis are paired ordinal data and that hypothesis-testing could be done with Wilcoxon’s sign rank test. By using TKE–analysis it is possible to get information about the quality of arguments of different levels. The qualities of arguments that are illustrated in TKE-analysis are qualities that also are important in assessment with the grade criteria aspect four for the scientific courses from the Swedish national agency for education. TKE-analyses of shows that the qualities of arguments are good after the arguments are prepared supported by the writing frames. The role play discussion affects only the epistemic level of arguments only in the consensus discussion. In the other quality categories, T and K there were no significant increase of the argument quality after the role play discussions. But according to TKE-analysis, the quality of arguments could be increased significantly by offering activities after the role play discussion such as written feed back on written arguments.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influÃncia da percepÃÃo de PrÃticas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (PRSC) e dos Valores Ãticos Coorporativos (VEC) na SatisfaÃÃo no Trabalho (ST) e no Comprometimento Organizacional (CO) de funcionÃrios de uma instituiÃÃo financeira, instaladas no estado do CearÃ. A pesquisa teve como objetivos especÃficos investigar a influÃncia dos valores Ãticos corporativos na satisfaÃÃo no trabalho; verificar a influÃncia dos valores Ãticos corporativos no comprometimento organizacional; avaliar a influÃncia dos valores Ãticos corporativos na percepÃÃo de prÃticas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC); investigar a influÃncia da percepÃÃo de prÃticas de RSC na satisfaÃÃo no trabalho; verificar a influÃncia da percepÃÃo de prÃticas de RSC no comprometimento organizacional; avaliar o relacionamento entre a satisfaÃÃo no trabalho e o comprometimento organizacional; avaliar a influÃncia das variÃveis sociodemogrÃficas na percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social corporativa, no comprometimento organizacional, na percepÃÃo de valores Ãticos corporativos e na satisfaÃÃo no trabalho. A pesquisa à de natureza quantitativa, realizada por meio de um estudo de caso. Recorreu-se a anÃlise fatorial exploratÃria e confirmatÃria para a validaÃÃo das escalas, ao modelo de equaÃÃes estruturais para a confirmaÃÃo das hipÃteses e de tÃcnicas uni e multivariadas para a verificaÃÃo do efeito das variÃveis sociodemogrÃficas nos construtos. As hipÃteses da pesquisa estudos sÃo: os valores Ãticos corporativos influenciam positivamente a satisfaÃÃo do trabalho; os valores Ãticos corporativos influenciam positivamente o comprometimento organizacional; os valores Ãticos corporativos influenciam positivamente na percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social corporativa dos funcionÃrios; a percepÃÃo de RSC influencia positivamente na satisfaÃÃo no trabalho; a percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social corporativa influencia positivamente o Comprometimento Organizacional; existe uma correlaÃÃo positiva entre satisfaÃÃo no trabalho e Comprometimento Organizacional; e funcionÃrios voluntÃrios tÃm maiores nÃveis de satisfaÃÃo no trabalho, percepÃÃo de prÃticas de responsabilidade social Corporativa e Comprometimento Organizacional. Os resultados revelam que a adesÃo da empresa ao comportamento Ãtico e socialmente responsÃvel afeta positivamente a satisfaÃÃo no trabalho e o comprometimento organizacional dos funcionÃrios. Logo, os investimentos de empresas que querem manter seus funcionÃrios comprometidos e satisfeitos, devem dar importÃncia à elaboraÃÃo e disseminaÃÃo efetiva de um cÃdigo de Ãtica, bem como à adesÃo de prÃticas de RSC. Outro ponto evidenciado, foi que funcionÃrios participantes de algum programa de voluntariado do banco tÃm melhores Ãndices de PRSC, CO e ST. Por conseguinte, desenvolver, disseminar e pÃr em pratica programas de voluntariado na organizaÃÃo podem gerar vantagem competitiva na empresa, pois ajudam a manter talentos. TambÃm foi verificado que os VEC antecedem a PRSC; que a PRSC afeta positivamente o CO e a ST dos respondentes. Portanto, para seus funcionÃrios, a aparÃncia de empresa socialmente responsÃvel passa pela percepÃÃo de empresa ser Ãtica. Os resultados tambÃm evidenciaram que funcionÃrios que ocupavam cargos mais altos apresentaram Ãndices mÃdios de percepÃÃo maiores para os quatro construtos estudados, sendo o cargo a variÃvel sociodemogrÃfica que mais influenciou os Ãndices de percepÃÃo. Como limitaÃÃes da pesquisa, tem-se a nÃo representatividade da amostra, a presenÃa de muitos outliers, a aplicaÃÃo do questionÃrio diretamente na organizaÃÃo e o fato de o modelo de equaÃÃes estruturais nÃo pode assegurar uma relaÃÃo de causa e efeito. Para pesquisas futuras, sugere-se replicar o estudo em uma populaÃÃo maior, a nÃvel nacional, em uma amostra probabilÃstica em uma abordagem de mÃtodos mistos. / This study aims to analyze the influence of the perception of Practice for Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR) and Ethical Values Corporative (EVC) on Job Satisfaction (JS) and Organizational Commitment (OC) of employees of a financial institution, installed on state of CearÃ. The research had the following objectives to investigate the influence of corporate ethical values in job satisfaction; check the influence of corporate ethical values in organizational commitment; evaluate the influence of corporate ethical values in the perception of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices (CSR); investigate the influence of the perception of CSR practices in job satisfaction; check the influence of the perception of CSR practices in organizational commitment; evaluate the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment; assess the influence of sociodemographic variables in the perception of corporate social responsibility practices in organizational commitment, the perception of corporate ethical values and job satisfaction. The research is quantitative held by a case study. Appealed to the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to validate the scales, the structural equation model for confirming the assumptions and techniques univariate and multivariate to verify the effect of sociodemographic variables in the constructs. The hypotheses of the research studies are: corporate ethical values positively influence job satisfaction; corporate ethical values positively influence organizational commitment; corporate ethical values positively influence the perception of corporate social responsibility practices of employees; the perception of CSR positively influences job satisfaction; the perception of corporate social responsibility practices positively influence the organizational commitment; there is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment; employees and volunteers have higher satisfaction levels at work, perception of social responsibility practices Corporate and Organizational Commitment. The results show that the accession of the company to ethical and socially responsible behavior positively affects job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees. Logo, business investments that want to keep their committed and satisfied employees, should attach importance to the development and effective dissemination of a code of ethics, as well as the accession of CSR practices. Another point highlighted was that participating employees of any bank volunteer program have better rates of PRSC, CO and ST. Therefore, develop, disseminate and put into practice volunteer programs in the organization can generate competitive advantage in business because they help retain talent. It was also found that VEC prior to PRSC; the PRSC positively affect the CO and ST of respondents. So, for your employees, socially responsible company appearance passes by the realization company is ethical. The results also show that employees who occupy higher positions had average rates of greater awareness for the four constructs, and the charge of socio-demographic variable that most influenced the perception indices. The limitations of the research, it has not representativeness of the sample, the presence of many outliers, the questionnaire directly in the organization and the fact that the structural equation model canât ensure a relationship of cause and effect. For future research, it is suggested to replicate the study in a larger population at national level, in a probabilistic sample in an approach of mixed methods.

This empirical work and base has been to analyze the new high school reform that the Swedish government introduced as a statement 2008/09:199 about: Higher demand and quality within the high school. This statement became legal through the government vote in spring 2010. But above all it is the investigation (SOU 2008:27) that is the central piece for these new examination changes for high school students that will come into effect 1 of July 2011. The purpose and questions asked in this analyze has been if the reform takes its base in a modernistic (traditional) way or a late modern scientific perspective. And also to find out how these new quality amendments in the investigation makes visible about the high school and what the purpose are about the changes.   When scientific theories in these analyze is placed against the reform, the result shows that the modernization process reflects more of a late modern aspect, which constantly reappraise in a changeable society. The ambition with the reform is to meet the reflexivity of the individual mind. The collaboration between the consumer and school principals, high demanding adaption to working life and explicit examination goals for the students emphasizes the demand on quality. The students can be signified as dynamic market products, more adaptable and linked to a thinking entrepreneur. This will be the primary mission for the high school. The result also shows that the adaption and individualism is two sides of the coin, and that is what this reform tries to capitalize on. In spite of a more regulated and explicit demand on education – it’s the individual reflexivity of an entrepreneur with more options that has to see and understand the dynamic possibilities that calls on the open market.

Dagens samhälle genomgår förändringar av betydande karaktär som i stor utsträckningdrivs av digitalisering. En av de mest påtagliga förändringarna som påverkar företagenär förändringarna i konsumentbeteendet. Dessa dramatiska förändringar utgör enbetydande utmaning för företag då traditionella metoder för kundhantering inte längre ärtillräckliga.Betydelsen av Customer Relationship Management (CRM), utifrån ett analytiskttillvägagångssätt, blir då avgörande för att bättre hantera kundrelationer i dagens högtkonkurrerande arbetsmiljö. Analytisk CRM är ett IT-beroende arbetssystem däranvändaren av data och analys utför processer och aktiviteter som gör att erbjudnaprodukter och tjänster i högre grad möter kundernas behov. Studiens övergripande målär att genom insikter förstå hur beslutsfattare upplever olika faktorers påverkan påderas förmåga att använda analytisk CRM för att stödja deras beslutsfattande samt desociotekniska förändringar som genereras av det. För att uppnå detta antogs enkvalitativ forskningsmetod där djupintervjuer genomfördes. Sju respondenter, medvarierande roller som Business Analyst, Data Scientist, Marknadschef och CRMansvarig intervjuades för att få deras insikter och erfarenheter om analytisk CRM.Studiens resultat och slutsats visar på att beslutsfattare anser kundcentrering ochinformationsteknik som avgörande faktorer för användningen av analytisk CRM.Kundcentreringen skapar en datadriven miljö som främjar datadriven beslutsfattandegenom användningen av data och analys. Det genererar sociotekniska förändringar påbåde djupare och ytmässiga nivåer. Informationstekniken spelar en avgörande roll iinsamling, hantering och analys av data. Detta påverkar beslutsprocesserna till att blidatadrivna och stärker beslutsfattarnas förmåga att fatta välgrundade beslut.Sociotekniska förändringar som generades av informationstekniken var på ytliga nivåer. / Society today is undergoing significant changes largely driven by digitalization. Onetangible change that impacts businesses is the shift in consumer behaviour. Thesedramatic changes pose a significant threat for companies as traditional methods forcustomer management are no longer sufficient.The significance of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), based on an analyticalapproach, therefore becomes crucial to better manage customer relationships in today’shighly competing work environment. Analytical CRM is an IT-reliant work system whereparticipants of data and analysis perform processes and activities that enable offeredproducts and services to better meet the needs of customers. The overall goal of thestudy is to understand through insights how decision-makers' experience variousfactors' impact on their ability to utilize analytical CRM to support their decision making,as well as the sociotechnical changes generated by it. To achieve this, a qualitativeresearch method was adopted, where in-depth interviews were conducted. Sevenrespondents, with varying roles as Business Analyst, Data Scientist, Marketing Managerand CRM Manager, were interviewed to get their insights and experiences on analyticalCRM.The study’s results and conclusion show that decision-makers consider customercentricity and information technology (IT) as a pivotal factors' influencing the use ofanalytical CRM. Customer centricity fosters a data-driven environment that promotesdata-driven decision-making through the utilization of data and analysis. It generatessociotechnical changes on both deeper and surface structures. IT plays a critical role inthe collection, management, and analysis of data. This impacts decision-makingprocesses to become data-driven and enhances the decision-makers' ability to makedata-driven decisions. Sociotechnical changes generated by information technologywere at surface structures.

Denna rapport täcker arbetsprocessen bakom att skapa en spektrumanalysator. Läsaren kommer att få läsa om den valda metoden men även alternativa metoder. Utöver detta kommer även de teoretiska delarna bakom varje moment att undersökas samt jämföras med potentiella alternativa lösningar. Projektet har utförts på uppdrag av KA Automation. Syftet med projektet var att skapa en basplattform för analys av ljudfrekvenser. Målet med detta var att kunna identifiera ljudegenskaper i form av frekvenserna hos exempelvis servomotorer i vattenpumpar. Tanken var att i ett senare utvecklingsskede kunna identifiera om och när nya frekvenser dykt upp i ljudprofilen vilket i sådana fall kan resultera i att motorn är i behov av service. Basplattformen är uppbyggd med hjälp av C# och ljudbehandlingsbiblioteket NAudio. Från resultatet kan slutsatsen dras att detta program kan analysera ljud och visa de olika frekvensernas styrka och därmed är en lämplig basplattform för vidareutveckling. / This report will cover the work process behind creating a spectrum analyzer. The reader will be able to read about the chosen method but also the alternative methods. Apart from this the theoretical parts behind every moment will also be covered and compared to potential alternative solutions. The project has been carried out on behalf of KA Automation. The purpose of the project was to create a base for analyzing sound frequencies. The goal was to be able to identify sound properties in the form of frequencies in servo motors in for example water pumps. The idea was to be able to in a later development stage be able to identify when new frequencies have entered the audio profile which might result in the motor to be in need of service. The base is created with the help of C# and the sound library NAudio. From the result one can conclude that this program can analyze sound and display the magnitude of its frequency components and is therefore a suitable base for future development.

Problématique: Dans les dernières années plusieurs études ont exposé les défis auxquels font face des infirmières praticiennes spécialisées en première ligne (IPSPL) dans leur pratique quotidienne. Le manque d’autonomie, l’étendue de pratique limitée et le manque de collaboration dans les équipes de soins sont des facteurs qui sont principalement ressortis de ces études. Les IPSPL aux Québec n’y font pas exception. En effet, leur déploiement a aussi été difficile pour certaines. Ces difficultés rencontrées peuvent inciter les IPSPL à quitter leur travail. Connaître les facteurs influençant l’intention de quitter des IPSPL pourrait donc permettre de maintenir ces professionnelles indispensables dans les milieux de soins. But: Identifier les facteurs qui influencent l’intention de quitter des IPSPL travaillant dans le réseau public de santé québécois. Méthode: La présente étude est une analyse secondaire de données collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire auto-administré d’une durée approximative de 45 minutes entre mars et avril 2017. L’échantillon de cette étude est composé des 222 IPSPL qui y ont participé. Les facteurs influençant l’intention de quitter mesurés sont : la reconnaissance au travail, les conditions de l’environnement de travail, la relation et le soutien du gestionnaire, le soutien de l’organisation et les pratiques organisationnelles, la relation avec les collègues de travail, les caractéristiques personnelles de l’infirmière et les facteurs externes. Des analyses descriptives, bivariées et une analyse de régression multiple ont été utilisées afin de répondre au but de l’étude. Résultats: 23% des IPSPL pensent quitter leur établissement de soins d’ici les trois prochaines années (n=199), 2% pensent quitter la profession (n=198) et 10% pensent quitter le réseau public au profit d’une organisation privée (n=196). Ces résultats étant comparables à ceux obtenus dans une étude publiée en 2011 où 27,2% des infirmières praticiennes spécialisées (IPS) pensaient quitter leur emploi et où 5,5% d’entre-elles pensaient quitter la profession infirmière (n= 254). Les facteurs associés à l’intention de quitter des IPSPL sont : la diminution du salaire comparativement au salaire net avant d’être IPS et l’absence de flexibilité dans les horaires comparativement à la présence de flexibilité dans les horaires. Aussi, la diminution de la collaboration avec les autres professionnels de la santé et les médecins a été associée avec l’augmentation de l’intention de quitter. Conclusion: Ces nouvelles connaissances pourront aider les gestionnaires dans l’élaboration de stratégies de rétention afin de maintenir les IPSPL en poste. / Problematic: In recent years, several studies have outlined the obstacles faced by nurse practitioners (NP) in primary care in their daily practice. The lack of autonomy, the limited scope of practice and the lack of collaboration in care teams are factors that are highlighted in the studies as challenges faced by these nurses. Nurse practitioners in primary care in Quebec are no exception and their deployment has also been difficult for some. These obstacles can give to the NP the intention to leave their work and knowing the factors influencing this intention could therefore help to maintain these indispensable professionals in the health care system. Aim: Identify the factors that influence the intention to leave of NP in primary care working in the Quebec public health care system. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of data collected between March and April 2017 using a self-administered questionnaire that lasts approximately 45 minutes. The sample for this study is composed of the 222 NP in primary care who participated. The factors influencing the intention to leave measured are: work rewards, condition of work environment, relationship and support from manager, organizational support and practices, relationships with co-workers, nurse characteristics and external factors. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple regression analyzes were used to meet the aim of the study. Findings: 23% of NP in primary care plan to leave their current establishment within the next three years (n=199), 2% thinks about leaving their profession (n=198) and 10% are thinking about leaving the public health care system in favor of a private organization (n=196). These results are comparable to those obtained by a study published in 2011 where 27.2% of nurse practitioners were thinking about leaving their jobs and 5.5% of them were thinking about leaving the nursing profession (n=254). The factors associated with the intent to leave of the NP in primary care are: the decrease of their salary compared to the net salary before being NP and the lack of flexibility in the work schedules compared to the possibility of having flexibles schedules. Also, the decrease of collaboration with others health professionals and doctors is associated with an increase in the intention to leave. Conclusion: These new informations could assist managers in the development of retention strategies to maintain primary care NP in workplace.

The thesis deals with a problem of the design of information system. The design of system is provided with Rational Unifeid Process methodology. This thesis creates a list of requests to system. It makes an analysis and a design of current information system. It useses a RUP methodology to realize two first phases, inception phase and elaboration phase. Created elaboration phase of document is a base for creating programming prototype in Ruby on Rails environment using Ruby language with combination of HTML code.

Risk assessment, analysis, insolvency law, insolvency codex, methods, novelisation.