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1	Perception of micro-expressions in animated characters with different visual styles Tianyu Hou (11812172) 20 December 2021 (has links) <div> <p>The purpose of this research was to examine the perception of micro-expressions in animated characters with different visual styles. Specifically, the work reported in this thesis sought to examine: (1) whether people can recognize micro-expressions in animated characters, (2) whether there are differences in recognition based on the character visual style (stylized versus realistic), (3) the extent to which the degree of exaggeration of micro-expressions affect the perceived naturalness and intensity of the animated characters’ emotion, and (4) whether there are differences in effects on perceived naturalness and intensity based on the character visual style. The research work involved two experiments: a recognition study and an emotion rating study. A total of 275 participants participated in both experiments. In the recognition study, the participants watched eight micro-expression animations representing four different emotions (happy, sad, fear, surprised). Four animations featured a stylized character and four a realistic character. For each animation, subjects were asked to identify the character’s emotion conveyed by the micro-expression. Results showed that all four emotions for both characters were recognized with an acceptable degree of accuracy. The recognition rates of the stylized character were 84.73% for happiness, 88.73% for sadness, 60.73% for fear, and 83.64% surprise. The recognition rates of the realistic character were 87.37% for happiness, 82.94% for sadness, 69.62% for fear, and 77.13% for surprise. In the emotion rating study, participants watched two sets of eight animation clips (16 clips in total). Eight animations in each set featured the character performing both macro- and micro-expressions, the different between these two sets was the exaggeration degree of micro-expressions (normal vs exaggerated). Participants were asked to recognize the character’s true emotion (conveyed by the micro-expressions) and rate the naturalness and intensity of the character’s emotion in each clip using a 5-point Likert scale. Findings showed that the <b>degree of exaggeration of the micro-expressions </b>had a significant effect on <b>emotion’s</b> <b>naturalness rating</b>, <b>emotion’s</b> <b>intensity rating</b>, and <b>true emotion recognition</b> and the <b>character visual style</b> had a significant effect on emotion’s <b>intensity rating</b>. Emotion type, participant gender and participant animation experience also had significant effects on perception of the micro-expression.</p> </div> <br> Computer Graphics Technology not elsewhere classified Micro-expressions Affective animated agents Character animations Facial emotions Intensity Naturalness
2	Approche computationnelle du regulatory focus pour des agents interactifs : un pas vers une personnalité artificielle / Computational approach of regulatory focus for interactive agents : towards an artificial personality Faur, Caroline 21 October 2016 (has links) L'essor de l'informatique affective ouvre aujourd'hui la porte à la création de dispositifs artificiels dotés d'une forme d'intelligence sociale et émotionnelle. L’étude de l'interaction homme-machine dans ce contexte offre de nombreuses pistes de recherche. Parmi celles-ci se trouve la question de la personnalité : comment il est possible de modéliser certaines caractéristiques d’une personnalité artificielle ? Comment ces caractéristiques influencent le déroulement de l'interaction entre l'homme et la machine ? Cette question globale soulève plusieurs questions de recherche : Comment définir la personnalité ? Sur quels modèles et théories issus de la psychologie peut-on s'appuyer pour développer une personnalité artificielle ? Quelle méthodologie adopter pour aborder l’implémentation d'un concept psychologique complexe ? Qu'apporte le développement informatique d'une personnalité à l'interaction homme-machine ? Au domaine de la psychologie de la personnalité ? Comment évaluer expérimentalement ces apports ? Pour aborder ces questions, nos travaux se positionnent dans une optique pluridisciplinaire, au croisement de l’informatique et de la psychologie. Au regard de sa pertinence pour une approche computationnelle, nous avons modélisé la régulation du Soi comme une composante de la personnalité. Ce concept est approché à partir de la théorie du regulatory focus. Sur cette base théorique, un cadre de travail conceptuel et un modèle computationnel sont proposés. Un questionnaire mesurant le regulatory focus a également été développé et validé. Ces propositions théoriques sont mises en œuvre dans deux implémentations data-driven (dimensionnelle vs socio-cognitive) dotant des agents de regulatory focus en utilisant de l’apprentissage automatique. Deux études utilisateurs (interaction unique avec agent artificiel vs sessions répétées avec agent animé), présentées dans un cadre ludique, ont permis d’étudier la perception du regulatory focus chez un agent et son impact sur l'interaction. Nos résultats encouragent l’utilisation du regulatory focus en informatique affective et ouvrent des perspectives sur les liens théoriques et méthodologiques entre informatique et psychologie. / The development of affective computing is leading to the design of artificial devices endowed with a form of social and emotional intelligence. The study of human-computer interaction in this context offers many research tracks. Among them is the question of personality: how to model some characteristics of an artificial personality? How these characteristics will influence the course of interaction with users? This goal rises several research questions: how to define personality? On which models and theories from psychology should we rely to define some artificial personality? Which methodology will help to address the implementation of such a complex psychological concept? What could artificial personality bring to the field of human-computer interaction? And to the psychology of personality? How to experimentally evaluate these contributions? To address these issues, this thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach, at the crossing of computing science and psychology. Given its relevance to a computational approach, we modeled self-regulation as a component of personality. This concept is approached from the regulatory focus theory. On this theoretical basis, a conceptual framework and a computational model are proposed. Our theoretical proposals led to two data-driven implementations (dimensional vs. socio-cognitive) which endowed our artificial agents with regulatory focus by using machine-learning. A French questionnaire measuring regulatory focus was designed and validated. Two user studies (brief interaction with artificial agents vs. repeated sessions with animated agents), where the regulatory focus of agents is conveyed via game strategies, enabled the study of regulatory focus perception and its impact on the interaction. Our results support the use of regulatory focus in affective computing and open perspectives on the theoretical and methodological links between computer science and psychology. Interaction homme-Machine Informatique affective Personnalité Regulatory focus Agents artificiels Agents animés Human-Computer Interaction Affective computing Personality Regulatory focus Artificial agents Animated agents
3	Developing Multimodal Spoken Dialogue Systems : Empirical Studies of Spoken Human–Computer Interaction Gustafson, Joakim January 2002 (has links) This thesis presents work done during the last ten years on developing five multimodal spoken dialogue systems, and the empirical user studies that have been conducted with them. The dialogue systems have been multimodal, giving information both verbally with animated talking characters and graphically on maps and in text tables. To be able to study a wider rage of user behaviour each new system has been in a new domain and with a new set of interactional abilities. The five system presented in this thesis are: The Waxholm system where users could ask about the boat traffic in the Stockholm archipelago; the Gulan system where people could retrieve information from the Yellow pages of Stockholm; the August system which was a publicly available system where people could get information about the author Strindberg, KTH and Stockholm; the AdAptsystem that allowed users to browse apartments for sale in Stockholm and the Pixie system where users could help ananimated agent to fix things in a visionary apartment publicly available at the Telecom museum in Stockholm. Some of the dialogue systems have been used in controlled experiments in laboratory environments, while others have been placed inpublic environments where members of the general public have interacted with them. All spoken human-computer interactions have been transcribed and analyzed to increase our understanding of how people interact verbally with computers, and to obtain knowledge on how spoken dialogue systems canutilize the regularities found in these interactions. This thesis summarizes the experiences from building these five dialogue systems and presents some of the findings from the analyses of the collected dialogue corpora. / QC 20100611 Spoken dialogue system multimodal speech GUI animated agents embodied conversational characters talking heads empirical user studies speech corpora system evaluation system development Wizard of Oz simulations system architecture linguis TECHNOLOGY TEKNIKVETENSKAP
4	Prestation, intresse, engagemang, uppskattning : Skillnader i upplevelse av en virtuell lärmiljö mellan matematiskt hög- och lågpresterande elever Ljunglöv, Robin January 2011 (has links) Digitala läromedel blir ett vanligare inslag i skolgången då ny teknologi erbjuder tidigare okända pedagogiska möjligheter. Denna uppsats undersöker hur elever som använder ett digitalt läromedel i form av en virtuell lärmiljö för matematiklärande upplever denna lärmiljö. Dessutom undersöks elevernas prestation i lärmiljöns matematiska uppgifter. Skillnader mellan elever i olika årskurser samt elever som är matematiskt låg- eller högpresterande studeras. Matematisk prestation beskrivs utifrån Goods (1981) passivitetsmodell som innebär att lågpresterande elever är mindre risktagande i klassrumsmiljön. Elevernas upplevelse av digitala läromedel studerades i en virtuell lärmiljö bestående av två moduler, en spelmodul och en modul för skriven dialog. Upplevelsen av lärmiljön undersöktes genom att studera hur intressant eleverna tyckte att spelet var, huruvida eleverna tyckte att agenten gjorde att de brydde sig mer när de spelade, samt om de gillade den skrivna dialogen. Tidigare insamlad data från elever i årskurs 6-8 som använt den virtuella lärmiljön undersöktes med kvasiexperimentell metod och analyserades med ANOVA. Analysen påvisade en skillnad mellan låg- och högpresterande elever i hur mycket de tycker att en pedagogisk virtuell agent engagerar dem i en virtuell lärmiljö. Matematiskt högpresterande elever anser att agenten gör dem mer engagerade än vad matematiskt lågpresterande elever anser. Detta kan tyda på att lågpresterande elevers passivitet utöver traditionell klassrumspedagogik också påverkar elevernas upplevelse av digitala läromedel. I vidareutvecklingen av den virtuella lärmiljön och skapandet av andra virtuella lärmiljöer är det viktigt att se till att elever både lär sig och engageras av lärmiljön. Utvecklare bör också ta hänsyn till de skillnader som finns mellan låg- och högpresterande elevers upplevelse av lärmiljön. Detta kan exempelvis ske genom att den virtuella lärmiljön görs anpassningsbar för att passa elever oberoende av prestationsnivå. Detta är en viktig målsättning för att se förbättra lågpresterande elevers möjligheter i skolan, något som virtuella lärmiljöer och digitala läromedel i allmänhet kan utgöra ett kraftfullt medium för. Virtual learning environments Digital learning environments Digital teaching Digital learning Learning technology Pedagogical software Digital learning games Pedagogical games Pedagogical virtual agents Pedagogical agents Virtual agents Animated agents Conversational agents Teachable agents Conversational pedagogical agents Pedagogical conversational agents Conversational social agents Social conversational agents Conversational agents Chatbots K2D2 High-achieving students High achievers Low-achieving students Low achievers Mathematical achievments Technology in school Virtuella lärmiljöer Digitala lärmiljöer Digitala läromedel Lärteknologi Pedagogisk mjukvara Digitala lärospel Pedagogiska spel Pedagogiska virtuella agenter Pedagogiska agenter Virtuella agenter Animerade agenter Konversationsagenter Lärande agenter Konverserande pedagogiska agenter Pedagogiska konversationsagenter Konverserande sociala agenter Sociala konversationsagenter Konversationsagenter Chatbots K2D2 Passivitetsmodellen Högpresterande elever Lågpresterande elever Elevers prestation Matematisk prestation Teknik i skolan Human Computer Interaction Computer and Information Sciences Data- och informationsvetenskap Computer and Information Sciences Data- och informationsvetenskap Pedagogy Pedagogik

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