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41	Estudo da homeostase dos mediadores pró-inflamatórios e antiinflamatórios na sepse neonatal / A Study of the homeostasis of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in neonatal sepsis Marco Antonio Cianciarullo 02 July 2008 (has links) Objetivos: Avaliar a utilidade dos mediadores pró-inflamatórios (TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta e IL-6), dos mediadores antiinflamatórios (IL-10 e IL-1Ra) e da Proteína C reativa (PCR) para o diagnóstico na sepse neonatal; verificar se os valores séricos isolados ou a relação entre IL-6 e IL-1Ra têm valor preditivo de gravidade, na evolução clínica da doença; determinar se a homeostase entre os mediadores pró-inflamatórios e antiinflamatórios e a PCR definem o prognóstico da doença. Casuística e métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 31 recém-nascidos (RN) internados na UCINE ou no Hospital Universitário com diagnóstico de sepse, baseado em critérios clínicos e laboratoriais. Os RN com diagnóstico de sepse foram subdivididos em dois grupos de acordo com a evolução clínica: grupo sepse: os que tiveram boa evolução e grupo sepse grave, os que tiveram evolução complicada por choque séptico e/ou CIVD e/ou FMOS e/ou óbito. Além dos exames de rotina para sepse, forma mensurados nos dias 0, 3 e 7 de evolução a partir do diagnóstico, os níveis séricos de TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-1Ra. Resultados: Na análise evolutiva geral, todos os mediadores inflamatórios apresentaram mensuração elevada no dia do diagnóstico (dia 0), com decréscimo dos valores no decorrer do tempo. Entre os mediadores pró-inflamatórios, a TNF-alfa, a IL-6 e a IL-1 beta se mostraram adequados para o diagnóstico, no entanto para o seguimento, a melhor foi a IL-6. Entre os mediadores antiinflamatórios a IL-10 seguiu os padrões dos mediadores próinflamatórios acompanhando a resolução do processo séptico, enquanto a IL-1Ra apresentou decréscimos até o 3º dia e permaneceu estável até o 7º dia caracterizando a perpetuação da ação antiinflamatória desta citocina. Quanto às relações entre mediadores pró-inflamatórios e antiinflamatórios (relação IL-6/IL-1Ra e IL-6/(IL-6 + IL-1Ra) observamos que a IL-6/IL-1Ra apresentou relação com a evolução do processo séptico, mostrando inicialmente predomínio da ação próinflamatória no dia 0 e antiinflamatória no dia 7. A PCR acompanhou de forma muito semelhante as curvas da TNF-alfa, L-6 e IL-10. Quando se subdividiu a casuística em grupos, sepse e sepse grave, observamos que os RN com sepse com boa evolução apresentaram níveis séricos médios de TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta e IL-10 próximos aos níveis mínimos detectáveis e estas citocinas nos RN com sepse grave. / Objectives - To evaluate the utility of the pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-alfa, IL1-beta, and IL-6), the anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10 and IL-1Ra) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis; to verify whether the isolated seric values or the relation between IL-6 and IL-1Ra have predictive values for severity regarding the clinical outcome, and to ascertain if the homeostasis between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators and CPR can define the prognosis of the disease. Patients and Methods - The study included 31 newborns (NB) admitted to the UCINE (External Neonatal Unit) or to Hospital Universitário (São Paulo University Hospital) with diagnosis of sepsis based upon clinical and laboratorial parameters. The NB with diagnosis of sepsis were further subdivided into 2 groups according to the clinical outcome: sepsis group: containing those NB who evolved to a positive outcome, and severe sepsis group, in turn composed of the NB with unsatisfactory outcomes due to complications caused by septic shock and/or DIVC and/or FMOS and/or death. On days 0, 3, and 7 following diagnosis the seric levels of TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1Ra were measured in addition to the routine sepsis workup. Results - The general follow-up analysis revealed that all the inflammatory mediators presented elevated levels at diagnosis (day 0) with a decrease of these values over time. Regarding the pro-inflammatory mediators, TNF-alfa, IL-6 and IL-1 beta were satisfactory for diagnosis, whereas IL-6 was more accurate for follow-up. In relation to the anti-inflammatory mediators, IL-10 revealed the same pattern of the pro-inflammatory mediators following the septic process resolution, whereas IL-1Ra gradually decreased until the 3rd day but hence remained stable until the 7th day, thus characterizing the continuity of the anti-inflammatory action of this cytokine. Concerning the inter-relation between the pro and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-6/IL-1Ra relation and IL-6/(IL6+IL-1Ra)) we observed that the IL-6/IL-1Ra correlated with the septic process evolution with predominance of the proinflammatory action on day 0 and of the anti-inflammatory action on day 7. The CRP levels, we observed that in the sepsis group with satisfactory outcome on day 0 the seric values were higher than in the severe sepsis group, although on days 3 and 7 these values decreased more substantially, while in the sepsis group they increased on day 3 followed by a gradual decrease until day 7. Conclusions - The analyzed mediators were effective in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and also predictive of the degree of severity, mainly with regards to cytokines IL-6 and IL-1Ra. The homeostatic equilibrium/disequilibrium was correlated to the type of disease outcome: sepsis with no complications versus severe sepsis. Diagnóstico clínico Fator de necrose tumoral alfa Homeostase Interleucina-1-beta Interleucina-10 Interleucina-6 Prognóstico Proteína C-reativa Recém-nascido Sepse C reactive protein Diagnosis clinical Homeostasis Infant newborn Inflammation mediators Interleukin-1 beta Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Interleukin-10 Interleukin-6 Prognosis Sepsis Tumor necrosis factoralpha
42	Estudo da homeostase dos mediadores pró-inflamatórios e antiinflamatórios na sepse neonatal / A Study of the homeostasis of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in neonatal sepsis Cianciarullo, Marco Antonio 02 July 2008 (has links) Objetivos: Avaliar a utilidade dos mediadores pró-inflamatórios (TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta e IL-6), dos mediadores antiinflamatórios (IL-10 e IL-1Ra) e da Proteína C reativa (PCR) para o diagnóstico na sepse neonatal; verificar se os valores séricos isolados ou a relação entre IL-6 e IL-1Ra têm valor preditivo de gravidade, na evolução clínica da doença; determinar se a homeostase entre os mediadores pró-inflamatórios e antiinflamatórios e a PCR definem o prognóstico da doença. Casuística e métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 31 recém-nascidos (RN) internados na UCINE ou no Hospital Universitário com diagnóstico de sepse, baseado em critérios clínicos e laboratoriais. Os RN com diagnóstico de sepse foram subdivididos em dois grupos de acordo com a evolução clínica: grupo sepse: os que tiveram boa evolução e grupo sepse grave, os que tiveram evolução complicada por choque séptico e/ou CIVD e/ou FMOS e/ou óbito. Além dos exames de rotina para sepse, forma mensurados nos dias 0, 3 e 7 de evolução a partir do diagnóstico, os níveis séricos de TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-1Ra. Resultados: Na análise evolutiva geral, todos os mediadores inflamatórios apresentaram mensuração elevada no dia do diagnóstico (dia 0), com decréscimo dos valores no decorrer do tempo. Entre os mediadores pró-inflamatórios, a TNF-alfa, a IL-6 e a IL-1 beta se mostraram adequados para o diagnóstico, no entanto para o seguimento, a melhor foi a IL-6. Entre os mediadores antiinflamatórios a IL-10 seguiu os padrões dos mediadores próinflamatórios acompanhando a resolução do processo séptico, enquanto a IL-1Ra apresentou decréscimos até o 3º dia e permaneceu estável até o 7º dia caracterizando a perpetuação da ação antiinflamatória desta citocina. Quanto às relações entre mediadores pró-inflamatórios e antiinflamatórios (relação IL-6/IL-1Ra e IL-6/(IL-6 + IL-1Ra) observamos que a IL-6/IL-1Ra apresentou relação com a evolução do processo séptico, mostrando inicialmente predomínio da ação próinflamatória no dia 0 e antiinflamatória no dia 7. A PCR acompanhou de forma muito semelhante as curvas da TNF-alfa, L-6 e IL-10. Quando se subdividiu a casuística em grupos, sepse e sepse grave, observamos que os RN com sepse com boa evolução apresentaram níveis séricos médios de TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta e IL-10 próximos aos níveis mínimos detectáveis e estas citocinas nos RN com sepse grave. / Objectives - To evaluate the utility of the pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-alfa, IL1-beta, and IL-6), the anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10 and IL-1Ra) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis; to verify whether the isolated seric values or the relation between IL-6 and IL-1Ra have predictive values for severity regarding the clinical outcome, and to ascertain if the homeostasis between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators and CPR can define the prognosis of the disease. Patients and Methods - The study included 31 newborns (NB) admitted to the UCINE (External Neonatal Unit) or to Hospital Universitário (São Paulo University Hospital) with diagnosis of sepsis based upon clinical and laboratorial parameters. The NB with diagnosis of sepsis were further subdivided into 2 groups according to the clinical outcome: sepsis group: containing those NB who evolved to a positive outcome, and severe sepsis group, in turn composed of the NB with unsatisfactory outcomes due to complications caused by septic shock and/or DIVC and/or FMOS and/or death. On days 0, 3, and 7 following diagnosis the seric levels of TNF-alfa, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1Ra were measured in addition to the routine sepsis workup. Results - The general follow-up analysis revealed that all the inflammatory mediators presented elevated levels at diagnosis (day 0) with a decrease of these values over time. Regarding the pro-inflammatory mediators, TNF-alfa, IL-6 and IL-1 beta were satisfactory for diagnosis, whereas IL-6 was more accurate for follow-up. In relation to the anti-inflammatory mediators, IL-10 revealed the same pattern of the pro-inflammatory mediators following the septic process resolution, whereas IL-1Ra gradually decreased until the 3rd day but hence remained stable until the 7th day, thus characterizing the continuity of the anti-inflammatory action of this cytokine. Concerning the inter-relation between the pro and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-6/IL-1Ra relation and IL-6/(IL6+IL-1Ra)) we observed that the IL-6/IL-1Ra correlated with the septic process evolution with predominance of the proinflammatory action on day 0 and of the anti-inflammatory action on day 7. The CRP levels, we observed that in the sepsis group with satisfactory outcome on day 0 the seric values were higher than in the severe sepsis group, although on days 3 and 7 these values decreased more substantially, while in the sepsis group they increased on day 3 followed by a gradual decrease until day 7. Conclusions - The analyzed mediators were effective in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and also predictive of the degree of severity, mainly with regards to cytokines IL-6 and IL-1Ra. The homeostatic equilibrium/disequilibrium was correlated to the type of disease outcome: sepsis with no complications versus severe sepsis. C reactive protein Diagnosis clinical Diagnóstico clínico Fator de necrose tumoral alfa Homeostase Homeostasis Infant newborn Inflammation mediators Interleucina-1-beta Interleucina-10 Interleucina-6 Interleukin-1 beta Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Interleukin-10 Interleukin-6 Prognosis Prognóstico Proteína C-reativa Recém-nascido Sepse Sepsis Tumor necrosis factoralpha
43	Protektivní vliv kognitivního tréninku během adolescence na deficit neuronální koordinace ve farmakologickém modelu schizofrenie. / Protective effect of pro-cognitive training during adolescence on neuronal coordination deficit in a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. Krajčovič, Branislav January 2017 (has links) Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms with poor functional outcomes, placing an enormous burden on the individual, caregivers and society. Although deficits in cognition are an integral part of the disease and the best predictor of functional outcomes, there is as yet no established treatment addressing them. Avoidance of a hidden place on a continuously rotating arena (Carousel) requires cognitive control and is a rodent model of cognitive coordination of information from dissociated spatial frames, which is impaired in acute pharmacological and neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Cognitive training on the Carousel during adolescence alleviates adult cognitive deficit in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia and improves neural coordination (oscilations in the beta and gamma band), which is thought to be necessary for cognition. We examined if cognitive training during adolescence eliminates the deficit in neuronal coordination observed in adult rats after acute systemic NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg). During adolescence, rats were either trained in spatial avoidance on Carousel or merely handled. As adults, rats received two 5-min exploration sessions in the same (A/A) or in two distinct...
44	Homology modeling and structural analysis of the antipsychotic drugs receptorome López Muñoz, Laura 22 June 2010 (has links) Classically it was assumed that the compounds with therapeutic effect exert their action interacting with a single receptor. Nowadays it is widely recognized that the pharmacological effect of most drugs is more complex and involves a set of receptors, some associated to their positive effects and some others to the side effects and toxicity. Antipsychotic drugs are an example of effective compounds characterized by a complex pharmacological profile binding to several receptors (mainly G protein-coupled-receptors, GPCR). In this work we will present a detailed study of known antipsychotic drugs and the receptors potentially involved in their binding profile, in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the antipsychotic pharmacologic effects.The study started with obtaining homology models for all the receptors putatively involved in the antipsychotic drugs receptorome, suitable for building consistent drug-receptor complexes. These complexes were structurally analyzed and compared using multivariate statistical methods, which in turn allowed the identification of the relationship between the pharmacological properties of the antipsychotic drugs and the structural differences in the receptor targets. The results can be exploited for the design of safer and more effective antipsychotic drugs with an optimum binding profile. / Tradicionalmente se asumía que los fármacos terapéuticamente efectivos actuaban interaccionando con un único receptor. Actualmente está ampliamente reconocido que el efecto farmacológico de la mayoría de los fármacos es más complejo y abarca a un conjunto de receptores, algunos asociados a los efectos terapéuticos y otros a los secundarios y toxicidad. Los fármacos antipsicóticos son un ejemplo de compuestos eficaces que se caracterizan por unirse a varios receptores simultáneamente (principalmente a receptores unidos a proteína G, GPCR). El trabajo de la presente tesis se ha centrado en el estudio de los mecanismos moleculares que determinan el perfil de afinidad de unión por múltiples receptores de los fármacos antipsicóticos.En primer lugar se construyeron modelos de homología para todos los receptores potencialmente implicados en la actividad farmacológica de dichos fármacos, usando una metodología adecuada para construir complejos fármaco-receptor consistentes. La estructura de estos complejos fue analizada y se llevó a cabo una comparación mediante métodos estadísticos multivariantes, que permitió la identificación de asociaciones entre la actividad farmacológica de los fármacos antipsicóticos y diferencias estructurales de los receptores diana. Los resultados obtenidos tienen interés para ser explotados en el diseño de fármacos antipsicóticos con un perfil farmacológico óptimo, más seguros y eficaces. Receptor 5-HT2A Receptor D3 Receptor D2 Ligando Clozapina Derivados Benzofuranonas Risperidona Olanzapina esquizofrenia métodos de regresión campos de interacción Molecular (MIF) Perfil Multireceptorial modelado por homología Docking sitio de unión interacciones moleculares selectividad afinidad de unión Diana Meta-Diana efectos secundarios fármaco antipsicótico típico fármaco antipsicótico atípico agonista antagonista membrana receptoroma rhodopsina estructura de rayos X descriptores moleculares farmacología análisis multivariante procedimiento integrado Computer-aided drug design Integrated approach Multivariate analysis Pharmacology Molecular descriptors X-ray structure Rhodopsin Receptorome Membrane Antagonist Agonist Atypical antipsychotic drug Typical antipsychotic drug Side effects Off-target Target Selectivity Binding affinity Molecular interactions Binding site Homology modeling Docking Multireceptor profile Molecular interaction Field (MIF) Partial Least Squares (PLS) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Schizophrenia Benzolactam Derivatives Benzofuranone Derivatives Risperidone Olanzapine Clozapine Ligand Adrenergic receptors Muscarinic receptors Histamine receptors Serotonin receptors Dopamine receptors beta2-Adrenergic receptor D2 receptor D3 receptor 5-HT2A receptor G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) 57

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