Submitted by Guilherme Ramos (guilhermedearamos@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-10-10T16:49:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis_Guilherme Ramos_submitted.pdf: 999203 bytes, checksum: cadbd02a289a643e51d22ad07260c5e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-10-11T14:06:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis_Guilherme Ramos_submitted.pdf: 999203 bytes, checksum: cadbd02a289a643e51d22ad07260c5e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-29T13:04:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis_Guilherme Ramos_submitted.pdf: 999203 bytes, checksum: cadbd02a289a643e51d22ad07260c5e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-13 / Prior literature has demonstrated that liberals and conservatives often diverge on policy issues partly because they have different psychological characteristics and partly because they are influenced by in- and out-groups (e.g., parties). In the present work, we investigate a relatively under-investigated topic, namely marijuana legalization, and test whether groupness affect opinion toward this policy over and above potential differences in psychological traits and states (e.g., personality, cognitive processing). Additionally, building on literature on morality and divergence from reference groups, we propose that part of the right-wing’s opposition to this policy comes from moral repugnance against out-groups. Results are consistent with our predictions. Study 1 validated an important assumption: individuals strongly associate marijuana legalization as a leftist policy. Importantly, study 2 showed that when marijuana legalization was endorsed by a center-right politician, individuals along the political spectrum expressed similar support for the policy; nevertheless, political ideology became a significant predictor of policy support when a leftist politician was behind the policy. This interaction was mostly due to rightwing individuals becoming less favorable toward the policy when a left-wing politician was behind it. Left-wing individuals, in turn, did not significantly shift their opinion. Finally, we discuss limitations, alternative explanations, and avenues for future research, while also proposing a third study which could more precisely test our theory.

Orientador: Márcia Regina Ferreira de Brito / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T07:30:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_MileneCarneiro_D.pdf: 1743601 bytes, checksum: 888800a2901654c38a2ab99b60499e9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo principal identificar se existem e descrever as possíveis relações entre as crenças de autoeficácia matemática, as atitudes em relação à Matemática, o gênero e o desempenho dos estudantes do ensino médio usando itens da prova de Matemática do ENEM. Esta pesquisa foi realizada em duas escolas, uma privada e outra pública, de uma cidade localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo e teve como participantes 119 estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário informativo; uma escala de atitudes em relação à Matemática; uma escala de autoconceito matemático; um instrumento de autoeficácia matemática; uma prova de Matemática e entrevistas semiestruturadas com o objetivo de obter mais informações sobre as variáveis de interesse desse estudo. As entrevistas foram conduzidas individualmente, e os outros instrumentos foram aplicados coletivamente pela pesquisadora, em período normal de aula sem a presença do professor. Os dados coletados foram analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa e possibilitaram concluir a existência de relações entre as atitudes, autoconceito, autoeficácia matemática e o desempenho escolar dos estudantes em alguns itens de Matemática do ENEM. Foram encontradas também relações significativas entre as atitudes, autoconceito, autoeficácia matemática e o desempenho escolar quanto ao gênero e tipo de escola / Abstract: The study aimed to identify whether there are and describe the possible relationship between mathematics self-efficacy beliefs, attitudes toward Mathematics, gender and performance of high school students using test items of Mathematics ENEM. This research was conducted in two schools, in a private school and in a public school, in a city located in the state of São Paulo and there were 119 students of the third year of high school. Data were collected through an information questionnaire, a scale of attitudes towards mathematics, mathematics self-concept of a scale, an instrument of mathematics self-efficacy, a Mathematics test and semi-structured interviews in order to get more information about the variables of interest this study. The interviews were conducted individually, and the other instruments were administered collectively by the researcher during normal periods of class without the teacher's presence. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and conclude enabled the existence of relationships between attitudes, self-concept, self-efficacy and mathematics academic performance of students in some items of Mathematics ENEM. Significant relationships between attitudes, self-concept, self-efficacy and mathematics school performance according to gender and type of school were also found / Doutorado / Psicologia Educacional / Doutora em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6757.pdf: 1103934 bytes, checksum: 1e243bc6fc800e7f55079679a98ba983 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-09 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Research upon attitude s formation and change using the stimulus equivalence paradigm has shown, at the same time, a potential for the formation of new classes, and a difficulty with respect to teaching new relationships when the stimuli used are familiar and socially loaded. As racial prejudice is a problem worldwide, and stimulus equivalence paradigm has proven to be useful when studying attitude s formation and change, the aim of this study was to verify, from a systematic replication, if teaching new relations to children who showed a negative racial bias towards black people could revert the pre-existing classes. The level of 54 children s bias was assessed by the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), an instrument that measures the affective experience of individuals on pictures or events. The 22 participants who had attributed to black people s pictures lower levels of pleasure compared to white people s pictures also performed a second test aimed to confirm the bias shown. The 13 participants whose negative bias towards black people was confirmed were trained to match indirectly black people s pictures with positive attributes in a matching-to-sample task. Two experimenters, a black and a white one conducted the research with different children, to evaluate possible differences in the participants performance. The performances of these children were compared in two conditions: using simultaneous or delayed matching-to-sample, analyzing 1) How many children formed the expected equivalence classes; 2) in which of the two conditions the results were more robust; and 3) if the presence of white faces as a third comparison-stimuli in a modified equivalence test caused changes in the previous responses given by the participants who responded in accord with stimulus equivalence. Two instruments, a self-report and a implicit measure were used as complementary measures of transfer of functions, to evaluate the meaning of the stimuli. Results showed no differences between delayed and simultaneous matching-to-sample, or between the experimenters in the formation of the equivalence classes. All 13 participants who demonstrated a negative racial bias showed formation of the equivalence classes experimentally planned. Of those 13 children, nine have maintained their responses on the modified equivalence test, and the group data showed transfer of function, evidenced by SAM. Although there was a statistically significant difference between the pleasure levels of white and black faces before the class formation, post-test data revealed no statistically significant differences; this was also confirmed by the results of another instrument, called Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP). Future research should recruit a larger number of participants and systematically change variables such as the use of mixed training of trained relations and the review of baseline relations, in order to identify which of them may be responsible for the positive results of equivalence. / Pesquisas sobre formação e mudança de atitudes utilizando o paradigma de equivalência de estímulos têm mostrado, ao mesmo tempo, um potencial para a formação de novas classes, e a dificuldade com relação ao ensino de novas relações, quando os estímulos utilizados são familiares e socialmente carregados. Como o preconceito racial é um problema presente no mundo todo, e o paradigma de equivalência de estímulos tem se mostrado útil no estudo da formação e mudança de atitudes, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar, a partir de uma replicação sistemática, se o ensino de novas relações de equivalência a crianças que demonstrassem ter viés negativo para faces negras reverteria as classes pré-existentes. O nível de viés racial de 54 crianças foi avaliado pela Auto-Avaliação Manikin (SAM), instrumento que mede a experiência afetiva dos indivíduos diante de imagens ou eventos. As 22 crianças que avaliaram fotos de negros com níveis de prazer inferiores aos atribuídos nas fotos de brancos realizaram um segundo teste com o intuito de confirmar o viés apresentado. Os 13 participantes cujo viés racial negativo foi confirmado foram treinados a emparelhar, de maneira indireta, fotos de negros com um símbolo positivo, a partir de tarefas de emparelhamento de acordo com o modelo. Duas experimentadoras, uma negra e outra branca conduziram a pesquisa com diferentes crianças, para avaliar possíveis diferenças no desempenho dos participantes. O desempenho dos participantes foi comparado em duas condições: com o uso de emparelhamento ao modelo simultâneo versus com atraso, analisando 1) quantas crianças formariam as classes de equivalência esperadas; 2) em qual das duas condições os resultados obtidos foram mais robustos; e 3) se a presença das faces brancas como 3º. estímulocomparação em um teste de equivalência modificado ocasionaria mudanças nas respostas prévias dadas pelos participantes que demonstraram a formação das classes de equivalência. Dois instrumentos, um de autorrelato, e outro de medidas implícitas foram utilizados como medidas complementares de transferência de função, para verificar o significado dos estímulos. Os resultados mostraram não haver diferenças entre o uso de emparelhamento de acordo com o modelo simultâneo ou atrasado, ou entre as duas experimentadoras na formação das classes de equivalência. Todos os 13 participantes com viés negativo para faces negras demonstraram a formação das classes de equivalência planejadas experimentalmente. Desses 13, nove mantiveram suas respostas no teste de equivalência modificado, e os dados de grupo evidenciaram transferência de função obtida pelo SAM. Apesar de haver diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de prazer das faces brancas e negras antes da formação das classes, os dados de pós-teste com o SAM revelaram não haver diferenças estatisticamente significativas, dado confirmado pelos resultados de outro instrumento, chamado Procedimento de Avaliação Relacional Implícita (IRAP). Pesquisas futuras devem recrutar um número maior de participantes, além de alternar sistematicamente variáveis como o uso de treino misto das relações treinadas e a revisão das relações de linha de base, de modo a identificar quais delas podem ser responsáveis pelos resultados positivos de equivalência.

Submitted by Gustavo Almeida (goalmeida@gmail.com) on 2013-10-22T21:03:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gustavo_Almeida.pdf: 9198623 bytes, checksum: ad446c14c714354d96cdd1c66d229075 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-11-11T13:42:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gustavo_Almeida.pdf: 9198623 bytes, checksum: ad446c14c714354d96cdd1c66d229075 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-11-11T17:47:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gustavo_Almeida.pdf: 9198623 bytes, checksum: ad446c14c714354d96cdd1c66d229075 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-11T17:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gustavo_Almeida.pdf: 9198623 bytes, checksum: ad446c14c714354d96cdd1c66d229075 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-27 / A presente pesquisa apresentou como seu objetivo principal verificar as relações entre valores, atitude em relação ao empreendedorismo (AE) e intenção empreendedora (IE) em um estudo comparativo com universitários de graduação em Administração das Cinco Regiões Brasileiras e Cabo Verde. O instrumento de pesquisa foi composto por um questionário sócio demográfico, a escala de Valores Humanos – Questionário de Perfis de Valores de Schwartz(2001) e o Questionário de Intenção Empreendedora de Liñán & Chen (2009). Após o consentimento livre e informado, os alunos responderam o instrumento de pesquisa, perfazendo um total de 1561 respostas válidas. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados nos Softwares: SPSS 21 e AMOS 21 para a produção de Estatísticas Descritivas, Análises de Confiabilidade, Análises de Correlação, Análise de Variância (ANOVA), Gráficos, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM). Os modelos utilizaram a Teoria de Ação Racional (FISHBEIN & AJZEN,1971) e Teoria do Comportamento Planejado(AJZEN,1991), testando o impacto dos valores nas atitudes e intenções. Os resultados indicaram que os valores de Estimulação, Poder e Hedonismo foram tiveram os maiores efeitos na IE e na AE. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os gêneros, com os homens apresentando maior IE e AE. Diferenças regionais foram encontradas. Limitações, implicações práticas e teóricas, além de sugestões para pesquisas futuras são apresentadas. / This research aimed to examine the relationships between values, attitudes towards entrepreneurship (AE) and entrepreneurial intention (IE) in a comparative study with undergraduate Business students from the five Brazilian regions and Cape Verde. The survey instrument was composed by a demographic questionnaire, the scale of human values - Values Portrait Questionnaire – from Schwartz (2001), and Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire authored by Liñán & Chen (2009). After informed consent, the students answered the survey instrument, rendering a total of 1561 valid responses. Data was tabulated and analyzed in the software: SPSS 21 and AMOS 21 for the production of Descriptive Statistics, Reliability Analysis, Correlation Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Graphics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The models used the Theory of Reasoned Action (FISHBEIN & AJZEN, 1971) and Theory of Planned Behavior (AJZEN, 1991), testing the impact of values in attitudes and entrepreneurial intention. The results indicated that the values of Stimulation, Hedonism and Power had the greatest effect on IE and AE. Significant differences were found between genders, with men sporting a higher IE, and more positive attitude towards entrepreneurship. Regional differences were also found. Limitations, practical and theoretical implications, and suggestions for future research are presented.

Submitted by Rodrigo Dias (dsdias.rodrigo@gmail.com) on 2018-05-14T20:00:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Rodrigo Dias.pdf: 1200543 bytes, checksum: 55982ff5b80c53cb3762bce772efae63 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-05-18T21:03:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Rodrigo Dias.pdf: 1200543 bytes, checksum: 55982ff5b80c53cb3762bce772efae63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T12:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Rodrigo Dias.pdf: 1200543 bytes, checksum: 55982ff5b80c53cb3762bce772efae63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / In this paper, we examine why attitudes toward marijuana legalization are split along ideological lines. In a survey, we found that conservatives were more likely to oppose this policy partly because of their greater reliance on the authority and purity foundations of morality. Curiously, concerns about harm were found to play no role in determining attitudes toward marijuana legalization, even though those who were against this policy frequently explained their views with harm-related accounts. In an experiment, we found that opponents of legalization were more likely to adopt a more favorable view towards it when exposed to arguments and sources that were consistent with the authority and purity dimensions of morality. Precisely, subjects who initially opposed legalization were more likely to change their attitudes when exposed to arguments that were based on the purity (vs. harm) foundation of morality, and when they were led to believe that these arguments were given by religious (vs. business) leaders.