Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet « Gestion et Optimisation de la Chaîne Documentaire », projet labellisé par le Pôle de compétitivité des Industries du Commerce. Le projet a pour but de concevoir et de développer un nouveau workflow et un outil d’aide à la décision. Ce système doit être capable de gérer et d’optimiser le flux complet dématérialisé de contrats reçus à COFIDIS.Nous présentons d’abord le framework retenu dans le cadre du projet pour modéliser et implémenter le workflow. En phase de conception BPMN a été choisi. Pour la partie développement, l’utilisation de BPEL a été préconisée pour implémenter et exécuter l'application finale (services web).Cependant la flexibilité offerte par BPMN peut conduire à des propriétés indésirables du processus telles que blocage et inaccessibilité. De plus, BPMN a été conçu pour fournir des modèles Orientés Process. Les données ou les ressources y sont donc peu représentées. En conséquence, l'analyse de performance sur un modèle BPMN est quasi inexistante.Afin de surmonter ces problèmes nous proposons d’insérer dans le framework deux nouvelles phases. Ces deux phases sont appliquées au modèle BPMN. La première est une phase de vérification et de validation et la deuxième une phase d'optimisation. Ces deux phases sont réalisées en transformant le modèle BPMN vers un langage formel. Notre choix dans ce travail a été d'utiliser les réseaux de Petri. Ce qui nous a permis de vérifier et de valider de bonnes propriétés du process. Quant à l’optimisation, nous avons défini une nouvelle variante du problème d’affectation (bin packing problem) et proposé une résolution à intégrer dans le processus d’aide à la décision / This thesis has been realized as a part of the project GOCD (French acronym for Management and optimization of document life cycle) and within the context of the French competitive cluster PICOM. The project aims to design and develop a new paperless workflow system and decision making tool to replace the current paper based system. The new workflow system must manage and optimize received credit demands at COFIDIS.The first part of this thesis presents and discusses a framework to model and implement workflow systems. The proposed framework allows more flexibility in workflow reengineering process and operational analysis for different business process. The proposed framework uses the most recent and promising language to model and execute workflow the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and Business Process Execution Language (BPEL).The flexibility offered by BPMN can also lead to undesirable properties for business process such as deadlocks and unreachablity. More, BPMN notation was designed to model business process, and little consideration was concentrated to represent data and resources. As a result, carrying out performance analysis on a BPMN model is also limited.To overcome these problems, we propose two additional phases in the reengineering process. They are applied to the target BPMN model. The first phase is verification and validation and the second one is optimization. These two phases are realized by transforming the BPMN model to a formal language, Petri nets. As for optimization, a new variant of bin packing problem has been defined. And we propose to integrate its resolution in a decision making tool

Este trabalho traz um apanhado sobre a BPM Business Process Management com ênfase na modelagem de processos de negócios. Primeiramente é apresentado um estudo da gestão de processos de negócios e também uma visão geral sobre a BPMN Business Processing Modeling Notation notação padrão de modelagem da BPM. Posteriormente, o trabalho traz um estudo de casos múltiplos, realizado em uma empresa do setor moveleiro, onde três processos de negócio típicos foram estudados, formalizados em BPMN e posteriormente validados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e o tratamento dos dados é predominantemente qualitativo. O estudo apresenta as percepções dos indivíduos quanto a utilização dos modelos da BPM, em busca de uma linguagem comum para comunicação de processos. Para a coleta de dados fez-se uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados sugerem que a formalização dos processos através da BPMN é aplicável, considerando-se a percepção de utilidade do modelo, esforço na utilização e intenção de uso. Quanto a utilização dos elementos da notação, demonstrou-se que os modelos construídos seguem uma curva logarítmica quanto a densidade de ocorrências, corroborando com resultados de estudos anteriores. A BPM também demonstrou ser viável, considerando-se as principais barreiras de adoção: cultura, desempenho, responsabilidades, metodologia e tecnologia da informação. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-29T16:18:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rogerio Tessari.pdf: 1799797 bytes, checksum: 803adc41e47c60c17487a04c067346d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-29T16:18:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rogerio Tessari.pdf: 1799797 bytes, checksum: 803adc41e47c60c17487a04c067346d9 (MD5) / This work presents some considerations about processes on organizations, around business process management (BPM) context, emphasizing business process modeling. First, it is presented a study on business process management and BPMN Business Process Modeling Notation standard BPM notation. In the sequence, it is presented a multiple case study, occurred in a furniture parts company, where three typical processes where studied, formalized using BPMN e then validated. It is an exploratory research, and data treatment is mainly qualitative. The research presents the perceptions from individuals about the use of the BPM models toward a common language for process communication. Semi-structured interviews where conducted for the purposes of data collection. Results suggests that the processes formalization through BPMN is applicable, considering the perception of effectiveness, effort on utilization and intent of use. The occurrence of elements on models, follows a logarithmic curve, corroborating previous studies. BPM seems to be viable, considering the main adoption barriers: culture, performance, responsibilities, methodologies and information technology.

Against the background of increasing multidisciplinarity as well as the focus on quality, transparency and economic efficiency of medical services, clinical pathways (CPs) have been established as a promising tool at the organizational level in recent years. They are primarily intended to ensure an adequate description of the care processes and to manage the balance between best treatment practice and economic viability. CPs standardize the internal care services by explicating the institution-specific knowledge with regard to recommendations for action, service portfolio, organizational structures, infrastructure, etc. of a specific service provider. The development of hospital information systems (HIS) has so far been characterized by an evolutionary development of modules in the field of laboratory, radiology, nursing and picture archiving systems as well as in the area of administrative systems. As one result of this development, the HIS usually comprises a heterogeneous network of software systems of different types and manufacturers. However, the actual control of patients by means of evidence-based processes and integration of CPs into HIS was not addressed until the recent years, when HIS manufacturers started developing modules for CP modeling and workflow support. The objective of this thesis is to provide a holistic methodical support for the description of clinical pathways and their integration into a hospital information system to finally improve the compliance of daily care to standard process definitions. Therefore, conceptual models provide an adequate mean to describe and communicate complex matters in a comprehensible form as well as to configure IT systems due to their semi-formal nature. Hence, a first research thread investigates the question, how clinical pathways can be described adequately using conceptual models. This results in an iterative design of adequate modeling languages for clinical pathways. A second research thread further investigates the question, how conceptual models of clinical pathways can be used to configure process-oriented application systems in health care. This thread therefore describes the design of a model-based method, that enables a consecutive transformation of CPs into technical (workflow) specifications, based on the principles of the Model-Driven Architecture.

Este trabalho traz um apanhado sobre a BPM Business Process Management com ênfase na modelagem de processos de negócios. Primeiramente é apresentado um estudo da gestão de processos de negócios e também uma visão geral sobre a BPMN Business Processing Modeling Notation notação padrão de modelagem da BPM. Posteriormente, o trabalho traz um estudo de casos múltiplos, realizado em uma empresa do setor moveleiro, onde três processos de negócio típicos foram estudados, formalizados em BPMN e posteriormente validados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e o tratamento dos dados é predominantemente qualitativo. O estudo apresenta as percepções dos indivíduos quanto a utilização dos modelos da BPM, em busca de uma linguagem comum para comunicação de processos. Para a coleta de dados fez-se uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados sugerem que a formalização dos processos através da BPMN é aplicável, considerando-se a percepção de utilidade do modelo, esforço na utilização e intenção de uso. Quanto a utilização dos elementos da notação, demonstrou-se que os modelos construídos seguem uma curva logarítmica quanto a densidade de ocorrências, corroborando com resultados de estudos anteriores. A BPM também demonstrou ser viável, considerando-se as principais barreiras de adoção: cultura, desempenho, responsabilidades, metodologia e tecnologia da informação. / This work presents some considerations about processes on organizations, around business process management (BPM) context, emphasizing business process modeling. First, it is presented a study on business process management and BPMN Business Process Modeling Notation standard BPM notation. In the sequence, it is presented a multiple case study, occurred in a furniture parts company, where three typical processes where studied, formalized using BPMN e then validated. It is an exploratory research, and data treatment is mainly qualitative. The research presents the perceptions from individuals about the use of the BPM models toward a common language for process communication. Semi-structured interviews where conducted for the purposes of data collection. Results suggests that the processes formalization through BPMN is applicable, considering the perception of effectiveness, effort on utilization and intent of use. The occurrence of elements on models, follows a logarithmic curve, corroborating previous studies. BPM seems to be viable, considering the main adoption barriers: culture, performance, responsibilities, methodologies and information technology.

Ett branschanpassat affärssystem är avsett för organisationer verksamma inom samma bransch. Syftet med denna typ av affärssystem är att ge högre passform än standardiserade affärssystem och vara billigare än skräddarsydda affärssystem. Det råder dock brist på kunskap om hur dessa ska utvecklas. Genom vår litteraturstudie presenteras en kravinsamlingsmodell med utgångspunkt i Requirements Engineering som ska ge stöd för utvecklare vid insamling av krav för branschanpassade affärssystem. Utöver det identifierades ett flertal aktiviteter relaterade till modellen. Genom att intervjua utvecklare av branschanpassade affärssystem och ta del av deras erfarenheter, kunde aktiviteter stärkas och nya läggas till för att göra denna kravinsamling möjlig. Avslutningsvis beskriver vi hur denna kravinsamlingsmodell kan användas, samt behovet av denna. / Industry-oriented Enterprise Resource Planning (IERP) systems are designed for organizations belonging to a specific industry. The purpose of IERP is to achieve a higher degree of fit than that of a standardized Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and lower implementation cost than a customized ERP. However, the development of IERP has not been given the sufficient attention it requires. Through a literature review we introduce a model for requirements elicitation based on Requirements Engineering to support system developers in the collecting of requirements for IERP. In addition to the model, several related activities were identified. By interviewing system developers of IERP and taking note of their experiences, already identified activities were verified and new activities could be added to make requirements elicitation feasible. Lastly we describe the need for a model and its potential use.

La gestion de l'évolution des processus métier exige une compréhension approfondie des cause des changements, de leurs niveaux d'application ainsi que de leurs impacts sur le reste du système. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche de gestion et de contrôle de l'éolution des processus métier permettant d'analyser ces changements et de comprendre leurs impacts. Cela assistera les concepteurs et les chargés de l'évolution des processus métier à établir une évaluation a priori de l'impact pour réduire les risques et les coûts liés à ces changements et d'améliorer le service et la qualité des processus métier. Ce travail consiste à proposer un ensemble de contributions permettant une vérification de la cohérence et de la conformité des modèles de processus métier après chaque changement, mais aussi d'établir une éaluation a priori de l'impact structurel et qualificatif des modifications. Les différentes approches proposées sont en cours d'expérimentation et de validation à travers le développement d'une plate-forme basée sur l'environnement Eclipse / The evolution management of the business processes requires an exhaustive understanding of the change. An evolution engineer needs to understand reasons of a change, its application levels, and subsequently its impact on the whole system. In this thesis, we propose an approach for an a priori change impact analysis, to better control the business process evolution. This may help the business experts and the process designers to evaluate change impact in order to reduce the associated risks and estimate the related costs. It may also help to improve the service and quality of the business processes. This work contributes an eventual improvement, in regard, to verify the coherence and the compliance of the business process models, after each change. It leads to evaluate an a priori change impact analysis in structural and qualitatie aspects. The multiple-perspectives of the proposed approach have been reviewed experimentally. The validation of the approach is evaluated by exteding the Eclipse Development Environment, with the help of a set of plug-ins, as a prototype plate-form.

(in English): The basis of this diploma thesis is to describe business process modelling and its current use in IT companies. The subject is to determine if respondents use process modelling in their companies or if they find it unsuitable. In the theoretical part, modelling in the context of information science, new media, and some models of communication are briefly presented. An important part of the theory is focused on the chapter of cognitive modelling, as a basic approach for creating process models. It follows an introduction of process modelling and a current market overview in this industry. The practical part maps the use of modelling in companies. Methodology is presented as first followed by data analysis. The research uses questionnaire survey for data collection, for qualitative data processing applies the grounded theory. Finally, the thesis evaluates the current state of modelling on the Czech market and defines the strengths and weaknesses of the process modelling.

Against the background of increasing multidisciplinarity as well as the focus on quality, transparency and economic efficiency of medical services, clinical pathways (CPs) have been established as a promising tool at the organizational level in recent years. They are primarily intended to ensure an adequate description of the care processes and to manage the balance between best treatment practice and economic viability. CPs standardize the internal care services by explicating the institution-specific knowledge with regard to recommendations for action, service portfolio, organizational structures, infrastructure, etc. of a specific service provider. The development of hospital information systems (HIS) has so far been characterized by an evolutionary development of modules in the field of laboratory, radiology, nursing and picture archiving systems as well as in the area of administrative systems. As one result of this development, the HIS usually comprises a heterogeneous network of software systems of different types and manufacturers. However, the actual control of patients by means of evidence-based processes and integration of CPs into HIS was not addressed until the recent years, when HIS manufacturers started developing modules for CP modeling and workflow support. The objective of this thesis is to provide a holistic methodical support for the description of clinical pathways and their integration into a hospital information system to finally improve the compliance of daily care to standard process definitions. Therefore, conceptual models provide an adequate mean to describe and communicate complex matters in a comprehensible form as well as to configure IT systems due to their semi-formal nature. Hence, a first research thread investigates the question, how clinical pathways can be described adequately using conceptual models. This results in an iterative design of adequate modeling languages for clinical pathways. A second research thread further investigates the question, how conceptual models of clinical pathways can be used to configure process-oriented application systems in health care. This thread therefore describes the design of a model-based method, that enables a consecutive transformation of CPs into technical (workflow) specifications, based on the principles of the Model-Driven Architecture.:A. Synopsis of the Doctoral Dissertation B. Agility in Medical Treatment Processes C. Domain Specific Modeling Language - CPmod D. BPMN4CP - Version 1.0 E. BPMN4CP - Version 2.0 F. BPMN4CP - Version 2.1 G. MDA in Health Care IS Development H. Transforming Clinical Pathways into Care Workflows I. CDA Templates - Utilizing the MediCUBE

Många företag har börjat inse att processmodellering kan vara ett bra verktyg för att bättre förstå sitt företag. Att man kan använda processkartor för att analysera och förbättra sina processer.Centsoft AB är ett litet IT-företag med sex anställda som omsätter ca 5,4 miljoner kronor per år. Centsofts huvudsakliga produkt är en webbaserad applikation för elektronisk fakturahantering. I dagsläget har Centsoft ingen dokumentation alls som visar hur dess interna processer ser ut. Därför har studenten fått i uppdrag av Centsoft ABatt kartlägga dess affärsprocesser, analysera dessa och komma med eventuella förbättringsförslag. Arbetet är indelat i tre delar, först genomfördes en förstudie av Centsoft för att förstå dess verksamhet, ta reda på vilka processer det har och produceraen domänbeskrivning. Sedan följde en modelleringsdel under vilken processkartor över verksamheten konstruerades, denna del skedde iterativt för att säkerställa att modellerna blev klara i tid. Arbetet avslutades med en analysdel för att identifiera potentiella förbättringsmöjligheter.Teknik som användes för förbättringsförslag var processförbättring, eftersom process-redesign bedömdes som alltför tidskrävande.Resultatet är elva stycken processkartor, varav två är förbättringsförslag. En av slutsatserna som kunde dras utifrån detta arbete är att Centsoft har välfungerande affärsprocesser som bidrar till att företaget expanderar. Det här arbetet blir en bra grund för Centsoft att arbeta vidare på, t.ex.vid framtida expansioner, då det kanske blir aktuellt att konstruera nya processer, eller ändra befintliga. / Many companies have begun to realize process modelling can be a useful tool to better understand their business, and that process maps can beused to analyze and improve the company processes. Centsoft AB is a small IT company with six employees and has revenue of approximately 5.4 million SEK per year. Centsofts main product is aweb-based application for handling electronic invoices.As of today, Centsoft does not have any documentation at all of its internal processes. Therefore Centsoft has given the student an assignment to identify and analyze its business processes, and to come up with any suggestions for improvement.This project is divided into three parts; first part is a case study of Centsoft which is done in order to understand its operations, identify its business processes and to produce a domain description. Second part is to create process maps for the business; this part was done iteratively to ensure that the process maps were delivered on time. The third part is to analyze the process maps for potential improvement opportunities. Technique used to improve the processes was process improvement, because process-redesign was considered too time consuming.The result is eleven process maps, two of which are suggestions for improvement. A conclusion that could be drawn from this project based on the successful expanding and profit-making by Centsoft is that they have well-functioning processes. This project will be a good basis for Centsoft during future expanding, when the need for redesigning existing or designingnew processes arises.

Under senare år har allt fler organisationer och företag insett hur viktigt det är att identifiera och förstå sina processer, och för att kunna styra och utveckla dem, är det bra att veta vilka de är. Därför vill Reumatologi kliniken veta vad som händer med patienter som har psoriasis artrit, när dem är nyinsjuknade eller ska börja behandlas på deras klinik, samt hur hanteras smärtproblematiken, när de återkommer till kliniken, detta har vi gjort genom att kartlägga processer och sammanställa på vilka olika sätt dessa patienter hanteras på kliniken idag, vart remitteras de? Hur ofta förekommer detta? Vad gör att vissa remitteras och andra inte? Förslag på hur kliniken kan använda denna kartläggning i framtiden. Detta examensarbete genomfördes på uppdrag av:Centrum för Teknik i medicin och hälsa, CTMH, i samarbete med Karolinska Sjukhuset. Arbetet omfattar 15 högskolepoäng. Vid detta arbete har vi använt oss av djupgående intervjuer för att få en djupare insyn i den reumatologiska klinikens handläggningsprocesser. En konstruktionsmodell har utvecklats för att identifiera vilka intervjufrågor som är relevanta för detta projekt. En omfattande teoristudie rörande metoder för effektiv kartläggning av processer har genomförts. Resultat av arbetet består av sammanställda intervjuer, samt processkartor för var och en av de berörda aktörerna. Några slutsatser som vi har kunnat dra utifrån detta är att kliniken har vissa processer som är strukturerade på ett bra och generellt sätt, medan det finns andra som har potential för vidare förbättringsåtgärder. Det finns också en brist i kommunikationen mellan olika aktörer inom kliniken. / In recent years more and more organizations and companies have realized how important it is to identify and understand their processes, and to be able to control and develop them, it's mandatory to know who they are. Therefore the Rheumatology Clinic want to know and understand what happens to patients with psoriatic arthritis, when they are new patient or about to start treatment at their clinic, and how the pain problems are being controlled, when the patient returns to the clinic. We have solved these topics by mapping the processes and summarizing the different ways these patients are handled at the clinic today, where they are been sent? How often does this happen? What makes some remitted and others not? Suggestions on how the clinic can use this mapping in the future. This thesis was commissioned by theCenter for Technology in Medicine and Health, CTMH, in collaboration with the Karolinska Hospital. The thesis includes 15 credits. In this work we have used in-depth interviews to gain a deeper insight into the rheumatology clinic's management processes. A structural model has been developed to identify the interview questions that are relevant to this project. A comprehensive theoretical study on methods for efficient mapping of processes has been implemented. Results of this thesis consist of compiled interviews and process maps for each of the parties concerned. Some of the conclusions which we have been able to draw from this are that the clinic has some processes that are structured in a good and general way, while there are others that have potential for further improvements. There is also a failure in communication between different actors in the clinic.