Todas as áreas de uma organização dependem em grande medida da ação das pessoas. Logo, se o intuito é ser sustentável, a organização deve proporcionar o alinhamento entre as diretrizes da sustentabilidade e suas iniciativas. Um dos desafios da gestão de pessoas está em gerir as organizações em relação aos seus recursos humanos-sociais, naturais e econômicos, envolvendo a sustentabilidade organizacional à sua área de atuação. O setor bancário brasileiro por apresentar um grande poder econômico e financeiro, tem capacidade de investir em ações abrangendo os âmbitos social e ambiental. Equilibrar os investimentos para os três aspectos do tripé da sustentabilidade é parte das transformações sugeridas pela GSP (Gestão Sustentável de Pessoas). A fim de identificar se a gestão de pessoas do setor bancário brasileiro está alinhada às estratégias de sustentabilidade organizacional, analisando suas iniciativas da GSP, foi desenvolvida uma análise descritiva, qualitativa-quantitativa, baseada em análise de conteúdo e análises das informações da triangulação de dados envolvendo: os relatórios anuais ou de sustentabilidade dos bancos, acórdãos trabalhistas finalizados no ano de 2014 do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 2a Região de São Paulo, e informações da Federação Brasileira de Bancos e do Sindicato dos Bancários e Financiários de São Paulo, Osasco e Região. Dentre os subsistemas de Gestão de pessoas analisados, a área de Recrutamento e Seleção, Sistema de Pagamento e Recompensa e Gestão de Desempenho e Avaliação, são os que precisam de maior detalhamento no reporte dos bancos. Dos acórdãos analisados, os índices mais recorrentes foram queixas relativas às horas extras, e em seguida, indenizações por assédio moral. As solicitações de doenças profissionais tiveram índices baixos, apresentando melhoria no setor frente à essas questões. Os bancos em geral não atingiram o nível de integrar e embutir extremamente as diretrizes em cada um dos aspectos do tripé da sustentabilidade, sendo o Itaú Unibanco o banco que apresentou mais detalhadamente suas ações. Embora o interesse na GSP, que agrega a sustentabilidade organizacional aos subsistemas de gestão de pessoas, tem sido recorrente, mais pesquisas são necessárias para dar forma e desenvolver um guia de implicações práticas, com clareza e objetividade para serem seguidas pelas organizações. Por meio da metodologia sistêmica (SSM), um quadro de ações foi desenvolvido, com intuito de proporcionar apoio, tanto estratégico quanto operacional, ao setor bancário brasileiro, para que a sustentabilidade organizacional seja implantada em suas ações. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa agregou valor por avançar na exploração desta lacuna na literatura, bem como no delineamento das categorias dos subsistemas de Gestão de Pessoas. Por fim, a pesquisa proporcionou reflexões teóricas quanto a GSP e, a análise das ações e iniciativas do setor bancário brasileiro permitiu identificar o atual panorama do setor no que tange à sustentabilidade organizacional. / All areas of organization depends largely on the action of the people. Therefore, if the organization\'s purpose is to be sustainable, it must provide the alignment between the guidelines of sustainability and its initiatives. One of the challenges of people management is to manage organizations in relation to their human and social, natural and economic resources, involving organizational sustainability to their area of expertise. The Brazilian banking industry presents a great economic and financial power, so it has the capacity to invest in actions covering the social and environmental spheres. Balance investments for the three aspects of sustainability tripod is part of the changes suggested by the Sustainable HRM (Human Resources Management). In order to identify if the people management of the Brazilian banking sector is aligned with organizational sustainability strategies, analyzing their Sustainable HSM initiatives, it was developed a descriptive analysis, qualitative and quantitative, based on content analysis and analysis of the data triangulation information involving: the annual reports or sustainability of banks, labor judgments finalized in 2014 of the Regional Labor Court of the 2nd Region of São Paulo, and information of the Brazilian Federation of Banks and the Union of Banking and Financiários of São Paulo, Osasco and Region. Among the Management subsystems analyzed people, the area of Recruitment and Selection, System Pay and Reward and Performance Management and Evaluation, are in need of more detailed reporting of the banks. Among the judgments analyzed, the most recurrent rates were complaints relating to overtime, and then compensation for bullying. Requests for occupational diseases had low rates, with improvements in the sector ahead to these issues. Banks in general have not reached the level to integrate and extremely embed the guidelines in each of the aspects of the triple bottom line, with Itaú Unibanco the bank presented in more detail their actions. Although interest in Sustainable HSM, which aggregates organizational sustainability to people management subsystems, have been recurrent, more research was needed to shape and develop a guide of practical implications, clearly and objectively to be followed by organizations. Through the soft systemic methodology (SSM), an action framework was developed, aiming to provide both strategic and operational support to the Brazilian banking sector, so that organizational sustainability is deployed in their actions. In this sense, this research has added value for advancing the exploration of this gap in the literature as well as in the design category of the subsystems of Personnel Management. Finally, the research provided theoretical reflections as the Sustainable HSM and the analysis of the actions and initiatives of the Brazilian banking industry has identified the current situation of the sector with regard to organizational sustainability.

The Nigerian banking system is experiencing changes brought about by globalization. Operating in a changing business environment requires that bank leaders evolve strategies to manage and adapt to change. There are direct and indirect costs associated when banks are unable to adapt to change such as bank closures, and loss of economic and business opportunities. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Nigerian bank leaders regarding strategies they used to manage change in the banking industry. The conceptual framework was based on transformational leadership theory and change management theory. Data were collected from document analysis and semistructured interviews with 30 practitioners in the Nigerian banking industry who have had experience in managing organizational change in the banking industry in Nigeria. Thematic analysis revealed 8 strategies: adoption and application of technology, increased staff training, effective communication, cultural reorientation, customer service quality, cost optimization, deployment of change champions, and adoption of transformational leadership style. The findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing policy makers and other bank leaders with more insights on how to manage and adapt to change. Implementing these strategies may help reduce the rate of bank failures and its adverse effects on employees, families, and communities.

銀行業是以公共利益為依歸的服務業，與社會經濟活動息息相關，所以在經營上受到政府法令的嚴密管制。近年來由於我國金融環境趨向自由化、國際化，各項金融法規隨之放寬，因而導致銀行業競爭日驅白熱化，傳統的銀行業務愈來愈難以為繼，銀行業者亟需提升本身競爭實力，以迎接環境的挑戰。本研究主要以司徒達賢所設計的「策略矩陣分析法」，進行我國銀行業之產業與競爭分析，從而提供銀行業者在經營實務上的策略建議。 　　本研究預期之研究成果為：一、利用策略矩陣分析法，進行我國銀行業之產業分析。二、利用策略矩陣分析法，針對銀行業者進行事業策略之分析。三、對國內銀行業者提出經營策略上之建議。 　　本研究採取定性的個案研究法，以國內的五家銀行（臺灣中小企業銀行、上海商業儲蓄銀行、富邦商業銀行、花旗銀行、法商百利銀行）為個案。主要研究方式是針對各個案銀行的策略作法做一歷史回顧，並針對策略上之轉變進行階段的劃分，將各項策略作法解析為各種策略要素之組合，並在策略矩陣上以圖示方法表現出來，同時檢討各策略所對應之環境前提與條件前提，以明瞭各項策略作法背後的邏輯觀念與各家銀行之策略構想。 　　本研究的結論如下： 　　．不同條件的銀行，處於相同環境之下，其主要經營策略有相當程度之差異。 　　．採行不同策略的銀行，所認知的攸關環境前提與條件前提並不全然相同。 　　．我國銀行業者的策略變化，其原因通常是由於環境的變遷，而受本身條件的影響則相對較少。 　　．環境與條件前提的適當配合，才能使銀行的策略達成預期效果。 　　．資金、人力資源、與專業能力是銀行業的重要資源。 　　．不斷尋求產品類型的多元化或創新，以及服務品質的提昇，是大多數國內銀行業者的策略方向。

本研究以歐洲銀行業為主要的研究對象，嘗試運用以Malmquist生產力指數法考量IFRS的實施是否會對企業整體構面產生影響。研究結果發現，IFRS實施的確會使企業整體構面產生變動，而其變動的來源主要是因企業之實值衡量標準改變所致。此外，Chow Test檢定也說明歐洲銀行業者在IFRS實施之前後於投資決策產生結構性之變異，而其餘各構面：盈餘波動、資金成本、資訊揭露成本、教育訓練成本和審計公費，則無發生結構性之改變。 / In this article we try to apply Malmquist indices to analyze whether the implementation of IFRS will have an influence on banking industry in Europe. The empirical tests reveal that implementation of IFRS does have an influence on banking industry as a whole. The influence can be referred to the change of substantial measuring standards on IFRS. In addition to Malmquist indices, the study also applies Chow Test to examine whether the structural changes have existed before and after implementation of IFRS. The test result shows that the investment decisions of banks have a significant structural change before and after mplementation of IFRS. In the other hand, the earning volatility cost of capital, disclosure cost, educational cost and audit fees do not illustrate a significant structural change.

<p>The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate customer behaviour in the banking industry of students at Kristianstad University. We wanted to test the theory of Customer based brand equity in the banking industry but also to challenge this theory with other independent theories which we have identified as important concerning customer behaviour the banking industry.</p><p>The banking industry is an interesting business since it affects nearly everyone. Banks are known to focus much of their marketing on customer retention which makes this specific industry extra interesting for an investigation about customer behaviour.</p><p>Kevin Keller‟s theories on Customer based brand equity was the catalyst that created our interest in this subject. The combination of this theory and the specific nature of the banking industry helped us form our problem. The chosen segment to investigate was students at Kristianstad University. Mainly because of the specific time limit this segment was the most suitable for this dissertation.</p><p>The result indicates that the factors from the CBBE-model were not significantly connected to students‟ customer behaviour in the banking industry. However, it can be argued that some factors are still relevant when explaining customer behaviour in the banking industry. One of the challenging theories, Intergenerational Influence, proved to have a significant connection to customer behaviour. It can be argued that Intergenerational Influence is the most important factor when explaining students‟ customer behaviour in the banking industry. The results of this dissertation can be useful for banks in order to make their marketing strategy more efficient.</p>

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate customer behaviour in the banking industry of students at Kristianstad University. We wanted to test the theory of Customer based brand equity in the banking industry but also to challenge this theory with other independent theories which we have identified as important concerning customer behaviour the banking industry. The banking industry is an interesting business since it affects nearly everyone. Banks are known to focus much of their marketing on customer retention which makes this specific industry extra interesting for an investigation about customer behaviour. Kevin Keller‟s theories on Customer based brand equity was the catalyst that created our interest in this subject. The combination of this theory and the specific nature of the banking industry helped us form our problem. The chosen segment to investigate was students at Kristianstad University. Mainly because of the specific time limit this segment was the most suitable for this dissertation. The result indicates that the factors from the CBBE-model were not significantly connected to students‟ customer behaviour in the banking industry. However, it can be argued that some factors are still relevant when explaining customer behaviour in the banking industry. One of the challenging theories, Intergenerational Influence, proved to have a significant connection to customer behaviour. It can be argued that Intergenerational Influence is the most important factor when explaining students‟ customer behaviour in the banking industry. The results of this dissertation can be useful for banks in order to make their marketing strategy more efficient.

Financial sector of an economy plays an important role in its economic development and prosperity of the country. Banking industry serves as the backbone of the financial sector that accumulates saving from surplus economic units in the form of deposits and provides it to deficit economic units in the form of advances. Banking industry provides support to economy and industries in specific in the time of recessions and economic crisis. But when banks are at the heart of economic recession or banks are the cause of financial crisis like the recent past financial crisis 2007-09, it makes the situation worst for economic recovery. So it is of great importance to keenly observe the performance of the banks and their compliance with the regulatory requirements.   Performance of the banks is measured at two levels, one is at the management and regulatory level of the banks and another is at external rating agencies. Purpose of regulatory and supervisory rating systems is to measure the bank performance at internal level and its compliance with regulatory requirements to keep the bank on right track. These ratings are highly confidential and are only available to the bank management.  External credit rating agencies examine and evaluate the banks and issue ratings for the general public and investors in particulars. It is of great importance that both these ratings present the same results about the condition of the banks to provide clear information to investors and management. In past several banks suffer from bankruptcy that was the failure of both internal rating systems and credit rating agencies.   CAMELS is the supervisory and regulatory rating system implemented by State Bank of Pakistan. It takes into account six important components of a bank when it evaluates performance of the bank. These components are Capital, Assets, Management, Earning, Liquidity and Sensitivity to market risk. Ratings is assigned to theses components on the scale of 1 to 5 and that is a base for composite rating that also ranged from 1 to 5. PACRA rating agency is the dominant credit rating agency of Pakistan that performs ratings for most banks and industries in the country. In our research we examine the similarities in the results generated by CAMELS rating system and PACRA rating agency. For that purpose we sample seventeen commercial banks of Pakistan Banking industry.   We observed that results generated by sample banks do not show any similarities with each other. This might be an indication of the banks that went on to bankruptcy in past three to four years or a future threat to financial sector of Pakistan.

The Indian IT industry has grown at an impressive rate during the last decade. India's own competitive advantage in the software business is well known: cost-effectiveness, world-class quality, high reliability, and rapid delivery, all of it powered by state-of-the-art technologies. Software has penetrated different spheres of the Indian economy, namely Indian corporate sector, government and public sector units. Over the last decade, one of the sectors, which have felt the "heat" of software intrusion, has been the financial service. Indian banking industry, today is in the midst of an IT revolution. A combination of regulatory and competitive reasons have led to increasing importance of total banking automation in the Indian Banking Industry. The present level of computerization in Public Sector Banks is a result of these initiatives. RBI has also gone ahead in creating of nation wide and localized networks for integration of the entire financial system. The Software Packages for Banking Applications in India had their beginnings in the middle of 80s, when the Banks spurred on by RBI and the Rangarajan Committee Report, started computerizing the branches in a limited manner. A few software companies in the country have developed banking software products and most of the banks have adopted them. These products enable all the banks to automate their operations at the branches and corporate offices. The software companies develop 60% of the software in the company itself, which involves the development of modules, and the remaining 40% is done in the customer's site. This 40% is customization of the software. The success of these banking software products in the banks can be measured by studying the market share of the individual products, revenues earned by these products by the respective companies. The success of these products depends on the satisfaction of the users, using the software. To measure their satisfaction and arrive at those products that are performing well in terms of User satisfaction, the following objectives were designed in the present study. The objectives are: 1. To understand the attributes of the banking software products that are relevant to user/customer satisfaction. 2. To understand the user's perception of the above attributes. 3. To derive the key factors of user/customer satisfaction. 4. To develop an Importance-Performance map for the attributes of the software. Based on the literature review and the discussions held with the software professionals and bank employees, we identified few relevant variables like Implementation, Maintainability, Reliability, Security, User's Performance and Output which fall under the software related variables and variables like Vendor's meeting User's needs, Vendor's mktg skill, User involvement, Training and support, and Service falling under the vendor related variables. A structured questionnaire was developed based on these variables using a 5-pt likert scale and this instrument was checked for its construct and content validity and also Reliability by conducting Factor analysis and Computing Cronbach's alpha respectively on a small sample in the Pilot study. The questionnaire was modified and the final instrument was used for the main study. This questionnaire was administered on a sample of 141 in the main study. The collected data were subjected to Factor Analysis to arrive at the key factors of User satisfaction for banking software products. We obtained seven factors User's Performance, Output, and Vendor's Marketing skill, Implementation, Ease of Use, Security and Maintainability. The second part of the study plot an Importance -Performance Map for all the products on all variables which gives us the best performer. Since this was subjective analysis, we conducted ONE-WAY ANOVA on the data to arrive at the best performer. However, ANOVA could give only the top performer, but we were not able to identify the second best product. We computed the weighted scores for each of these products by giving weights to the variables and multiplying with the performance scores. The comparison of the total weighted scores of all the four products considered in the study helped us in ranking the products based on their performance. We obtained that Product 3 was on top followed by Product 4 and Product 1 and last was product 2. Based on these analyses we suggested the following to the software vendors: 1. The key factors identified in the study should be given the highest priority while developing and testing the software for conformance with the specifications. 2. Product 2 must be improved on variables like output by making the report generation more flexible and maintainability should be made easier by making additions more flexible without any errors. 3. Vendors of Product 1 and 2 should provide better user manuals using simple language and also train the bank employees in using the software, by involving employees during customization in a more informal way. 4. Vendor's of Product 3 and 4 should maintain the quality of their existing products respectively and try to improve them.

Cloud computing, a current IT trend, is becoming more integrated in companies’ strategies and also increasingly important for firms. Thus, many organizations have or are considering implementing cloud services. Banks, however, tend to not adopt cloud computing at the same pace as other industries. Therefore, it is of interest to increase the understanding of which factors that obstruct or foster an adoption of cloud computing in the banking industry in Sweden. These factors have been examined from a bank and external perspective, through interviews with IT personnel from the four big banks in Sweden, external IT consultants, authorities (Finansinspektionen and Datainspektionen) and Svenska Bankföreningen. The empirical findings have been analyzed in accordance with Tornatzky and Fleischer’s (1990) TOE framework - technology, organization and external task environment. There were eleven key factors found in this study, which are the following: 1) Integration, Lack of competence, Sensitive information, Heritage, Employee resistance, Miscommunication, Size and structure, Common heritage, Standard agreements, New actors and Regulations. 2) All the factors, except New actors, were shown to obstruct and delay an adoption of cloud computing for traditional banks in Sweden. 3) It was found that all these key factors interlink with each other in some sense.

Managerial and regulatory focus in the financial industryhas been intensified due to a number of extremely costly and highly publicized events. Whenfraudulent activities or any improper business practices are revealed it may damage the bank’sreputation. In the end this can have a big impact on anyone who is any kind of stakeholder.Reputational risk and by what mechanism reputational risk is adversely affecting stock pricesis therefore of great importance for stakeholders. This study aims at providing insights and abetter understanding of reputational risk. We examine the reputational damage in banksresulting from operational losses and analyze the stock market reaction across the bankingindustry. Research question: What is the effect of operational loss announcements from internalfraudulent activities on competitors in the banking industry? The results show a positive cross-bank reaction during the observed period oftime. Furthermore, the cross-bank reaction is stronger when a reputational damage isrecognized in the bank where the loss occurred. The results show a positive cross-bankreaction during the observed period of time. Furthermore, the cross-bank reaction is strongerwhen a reputational damage is recognized in the bank where the loss occurred.