The international and commercialised recognition of the Olympic Games can bring upon prestigious benefits to a country's Olympic Games legacy. Due to this, candidate cities have capitalised on this opportunity to leverage their bids to successfully secure hosting rights. Consequently, this has commodified the bidding process, which has intensified the competition and the declining number of bids over recent years. Thus, jeopardising the legitimacy of the Olympic Games bids to its true values of Olympism. Hence, utilising a semi-systematic literature review, this thesis aims to investigate the extent and in what ways the Olympic Games bids have embodied the values of Olympism. Specifically exploring within three case-study examples; the Beijing 2008; the London 2012; and the Rio De Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Adopting a thematic analysis and theoretical framework, findings have noted four overarching themes that influence the leveraging of bids; Economical, Political, Globalisation and the Public (Social). Further, and to a vague extent, the selected Olympic Games bids embodied the values of Olympism as secondary and appear to be a by-product of a prominent agenda that reflects the ebb and flow of politics and economics of the respective host-city. Interestingly, by examining the Olympism philosophy and legacy this may not be an issue due to its abstract construction and lack of precision, which has enabled great flexibility. As a resolution, this thesis calls for the values to be measurable and the implementation of evaluative committees that span beyond the Olympic Games to ensure Olympism values and its legacy is embodied successfully.

This research seeks to determine the necessary conditions for the United States to host another Olympic Games. To lay the foundation for my research, I historically trace the declining number of cities bidding for the Olympics. While exogenous factors such as political protests, terrorist acts, and boycotts contribute to a decline in the number of candidate cities from 1968 to 1984, modern disinterest in hosting the Olympics is motivated by endogenous dynamics derived from the bidding process. To determine how the bidding process affects the likelihood of hosting the Olympics and uncover the roots of successful bids, I analyze four case studies of former United States bids. These case studies include: Denver’s withdrawn bid for the 1976 Winter Olympics, Los Angeles’ successful bid for the 1984 Games, Boston’s relinquished bid for the 2024 Olympics, and consequentially, Los Angeles’ bid for the 2024 Olympics. I argue the structure of the bidding process inherently favors special interests with the most to gain from hosting the Games at the expense of the city as a whole. Stemming from the central condition of public support, I deduce six underlying conditions that are pivotal for successful bids: 1) the use of existing facilities and infrastructure; 2) absence of opposition groups; 3) private funding; 4) ‘insurance’ measures against cost overruns; 5) alignment of Olympic plans and urban development; and 6) greater use of the region. These conditions do not guarantee a successful Olympic bid, but are fundamental for the Olympic Games to return to the United States.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela Albuquerque Zan.pdf: 1534547 bytes, checksum: 3f461970382dc4ce5f24db44a9bbc82f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work, without pretending to exhaust the subject, aims to offer a systematic examination pertaining to bidding crimes to the Theory of Criminal Law well. Separately examining the historical evolution of the legal asset, its concept and functions, we consecrate its importance in the social and democratic rule of law. It is essential institute to give empirical basis to the Criminal Law and linking this with the reality of social values. Extending the study to the Federal Constitution, as the highest expression of the guiding principles of the legal system, the legal right to have her endorsement own dignity. In this context, the principle of minimum intervention determines that only the most expensive legal interests of individual life and society on a constitutional reading, can be part of the fragment will be safeguarded by criminal law and only the conduct that most violate these value will be criminalized . Still, it should be done considering the need of the criminal front protects the failure of other branches of law. On the study of the principle of proportionality, especially in its aspect of sealing the poor protection, criminal law and the institute is duty of the State with a view to effective action. It s essential to analyze the criminalization warrants, the universal legal values and legitimacy of abstract danger crime for the formation of a Criminal Law concatenated with the fundamentals and objectives of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Application of the Theory of Criminal Legal Values is a safe basis for critical analysis of public bidding crimes. Public bidding process is not a mere administrative procedure to choose the best contract, but is instrument for achieving social rights. So we try to show that the legal interest of specific offenses for your protection is not only the public purse, but the administrative probity and public interest of good administration. Under this test, if the criminal value has dignity and necessity of penal treatment, must be effectively guarded. The criminal policy should be optimized so that the constitutional mandate is fulfilled properly. It is from this understanding that will be assessing the public bidding crimes / O presente trabalho, sem a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, pretende oferecer um exame sistemático atinente aos crimes licitatórios à luz da Teoria do Bem Jurídico Penal. Examinando separadamente a evolução histórica do bem jurídico, seu conceito e funções, consagramos sua importância no Estado Social e Democrático de Direito. É instituto essencial a conferir base empírica ao Direito Penal e vinculação deste com a realidade dos valores sociais. Estendendo o estudo à Constituição Federal, como expressão máxima dos princípios inspiradores do ordenamento jurídico, o bem jurídico deve ter nela respaldo para possuir dignidade. Nesse contexto, o princípio da intervenção mínima determina que somente os bens jurídicos mais caros à vida individual e em sociedade, diante uma leitura constitucional, podem fazer parte do fragmento que será salvaguardado pelo Direito Penal e apenas as condutas que mais violarem esses bens serão criminalizadas. Ainda assim, deverá ser feita a análise da necessidade da tutela penal frente a insuficiência dos outros ramos do Direito. Diante do estudo do princípio da proporcionalidade, principalmente em sua vertente da vedação da proteção deficiente, o instituto do bem jurídico penal representa dever do Estado com vistas a uma atuação eficaz. Imprescindível a análise dos mandados de criminalização, dos bens jurídicos universais e da legitimação dos crimes de perigo abstrato para a formação de um Direito Penal concatenado com os fundamentos e objetivos da República Federativa do Brasil. A aplicação da Teoria do Bem Jurídico Penal é embasamento seguro para análise crítica dos crimes licitatórios. A licitação não é mero procedimento administrativo para escolha do melhor contrato, mas é intrumento de consecução de direitos sociais. Portanto, procuraremos demonstrar que o bem jurídico dos crimes tipificados para sua proteção não é somente o erário público, mas a probidade administrativa e o interesse público da boa administração. Sob este exame, se o bem jurídico penal apresenta dignidade e necessidade de tratamento penal, deve ser eficazmente resguardado. A política criminal deve ser otimizada para que o mandado constitucional seja cumprido adequadamente. É a partir desse entendimento que será feita apreciação dos crimes licitatórios

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Blanco Garcia Guimaraes Fleury.pdf: 1343341 bytes, checksum: 7fe6474c605c38190ffb1fa5a6253c19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / It is intended, through this work, investigate administrative violations and sanctions provides in Laws 8.666/93, 10.520/02, 12.462/11 e 12.846/13, applicable to bids and contracts. To achieve this purpose, first we analyze the defining elements of the legal and administrative violation and sanctions, studying its structure, contents and implementation. That done, we studied the aspects and topics related to them of the administrative violations and sanctions. At the end, set these premises, we fixed the content, scope and application of the administrative violations and sanctions provided in these laws, from the interpretation of the rules that form part of its legal system / Pretende-se, por meio deste trabalho, investigar as infrações e sanções administrativas previstas nas Leis 8.666/93, 10.520/02, 12.462/11 e 12.846/13, aplicáveis às licitações e contratos administrativos. Para tanto, primeiramente nos debruçamos sobre os elementos definidores das infrações e sanções jurídicas e administrativas, estudando a sua estrutura, o seu conteúdo e sua aplicação. E, ao assim proceder, aprofundamos o estudo dos ilícitos e penalidades administrativas, enfrentando cada um dos seus aspectos e os temas a eles correlatos. Por fim, com amparo nestas balizas, gizamos o conteúdo, alcance e aplicação das infrações e sanções administrativas em espécie, previstas nas Leis de Licitação; do Pregão; do RDC; e de Anticorrupção, a partir da interpretação das normas que integram o seu regime jurídico

The author explains what «diligent bidder» means during bidding processes. First, he starts analyzing some civil law matters as due diligence and compliance with obligations. Then, he states his position about whether the consultation during bidding processes is a right or an obligation for the bidder, and under what conditions it would work. Furthermore, he explains the relevance of identifying strict liability on developing the technical file to set the compensation of damages. Finally, the author offers some cases to determine when contractors are «diligent bidders» and when they are not. He points out that when contractors are «diligent bidders», the owner must take full responsibility; on the other hand, when they are not «diligent bidders» and they partially caused the damage, the judge or the arbitrator should reduce the compensation. / El autor aborda el tema relacionado al «postor razonable» en los procesos de selección de obra pública. Su aproximación al tema parte por analizar aspectos civiles relacionados con la diligencia y el cumplimiento de obligaciones. Asimismo, presenta su posición respecto de si la formulación de consultas es una obligación o un derecho de los postores, y en qué casos se aplicaría. Además, explica porqué es importante determinar la responsabilidad objetiva en la elaboración del expediente técnico, a la hora de determinar el resarcimiento del daño. Al finalizar, presenta algunos criterios que deberían ser tomados en cuenta para analizar cuándo nos encontramos frente a un «postor razonable», y cuándo no. Explica que de encontrarnos frente a un «postor razonable», el contratante deberá asumir la responsabilidad total por los errores; sin embargo, en caso se determine que el «postor no fue razonable» y que eso contribuyó a generar el daño, entonces el juez o árbitro deberán reducir el resarcimiento.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o licenciamento ambiental das obras públicas de infraestrutura realizadas sob o Regime Diferenciado de Contratações Públicas (RDC), previsto pelaLei n 12.462/2011. A escolha do país para realizar a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 trouxe a necessidade de responder a encargos contratuais e ao esperado fluxo de turistas. Com isso, tornou-se ainda mais urgente promover melhorias na infraestrutura do país. Contudo, o estatuto legal das licitações e contratos administrativos era visto como inadequado, o que levou à criação do RDC. O novo regime revela-se cercado de controvérsias a respeito de suas benefícios e desvantagens, mas progressivamente vem tendo seu âmbito de aplicação estendido para além dos eventos desportivos internacionais. Ao longo do texto, examina-se a constitucionalidade da nova lei, bem como a proteção jurídica do meio ambiente, enfocando-se o licenciamento ambiental. Por fim, a partir da análise da Lei n 12.462/2011 em face da Constituição da República, propõe-se uma interpretação a respeito da compatibilização entre o RDC e o licenciamento ambiental, considerando a efetividade da legislação ambiental e o princípio da vedação do retrocesso. / The aim of this paper is to analyze the environmental licenses of public constructions under the procurement system known as RDC (Law n 12.462/11). The countrys choice to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 OlimpicGames increased the needs of infrastructure for both the matches and the tourists. However, according to some experts, the general law for bidding process was not able to deal with those urgent needs. These difficulties have influenced the discussions that led to the creation of RDC and brought up some controversial debates concerning the benefits and disadvantages of the new regulation. Despite these controversies, recent laws expanded the new system to other buildings, not limited to the events reported. Throughout the text, not only is it possible to observe the analysis of the compatibility between the new law and the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, but also environmental licenses concepts. Finally, according to the studies presented about the law n 12.462/2011, it was suggested an interpretation that raises the compatibility between RDC and the environmental protection, considering the effectiveness of environmental laws and the principle of non-regression.

The purchasing function is inserted in any business activity, whether in the public or in the private area. In public organizations there is a general rule, for the acquisition of goods and services, the requirement of bidding. However, the bidding processes are not always completed successfully, bringing numerous losses, not only for the public organization, as exceedingly to the dependent citizens of its activities. So, analyze the causes that resulted in completed bidding unsuccessfully, in the City Hall Passo Fundo, was the objective of the work. For this, a research was performed, classified as descriptive, as the goal, and qualitative on the approach. Once defined categories of analysis, the data collection through bibliographic research, documentary research and interview. The results indicated that all 329 unsuccessful biddings, corresponding to 19.1% of the total, came on external stage and that approximately 84% were finalized by revocation and the remaining 16% for annulment. In detail, were found twenty-three reasons for the unsuccessful biddings were found, with eight factors accounted for 90% of unsuccessful bidding. For these reasons, twenty-eight proposals for improvements were suggested to reconfigure the acquisition and contracting process, avoiding that the bidding processes are finalized without success. Based on these evidences, the propositions indicate that by increasing the importance and dedication on the internal phase of the bidding stage (planning), more precise will be the descriptions and details of the object, thus making smaller uncertainties in estimates of quantities, deadlines and costs. This would cause public organizations would have increased efficiency in public spending and security in their contracts. Additionally, the possibility of inversion of the phases of bidding, especially in the modalities concorrência and tomada de preços, become real needs for the evolution that the public administration needs. / A função de compras está inserida em qualquer ramo de atividade, seja da área pública ou da área privada. Nas organizações públicas tem-se como regra geral, para a aquisição de bens e serviços, a exigência de licitação. Porém, nem sempre os processos licitatórios são concluídos com êxito, trazendo inúmeros prejuízos, não só para a organização pública como, sobremaneira, aos cidadãos dependentes de suas atividades. Por isso, analisar as causas que resultaram em licitações concluídas sem êxito, na Prefeitura Municipal de Passo Fundo, consistiu no objetivo do trabalho. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa classificada como descritiva, quanto ao objetivo, e qualitativa, quanto à abordagem. Após definidas as categorias de análise, a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, da pesquisa documental e da entrevista. Os resultados indicaram que todos os 329 desfazimentos de licitações, correspondentes a 19,1% do total, deram-se na fase externa e que aproximadamente 84% foram finalizados por revogação e os 16% restantes por anulação. De forma detalhada, foram constatados vinte e três motivos para o desfazimento das licitações, sendo que oito fatores representaram 90% das licitações sem êxito. Por essas razões, foram sugeridas vinte e oito propostas de melhorias para reconfigurar o processo de aquisição e contratação, evitando-se que as licitações sejam finalizadas sem êxito. Com base nessas evidências, as proposições indicam que, ao aumentar a importância e a dedicação na fase interna da licitação (planejamento), mais precisas serão as descrições e os detalhes do objeto, tornando, assim, menores as incertezas nas estimativas de quantidades, de prazos e de custos. Isso faria com que as organizações públicas viessem a ter maior eficiência no gasto público e segurança nas suas contratações. Adicionalmente, a possibilidade de inversão das fases da licitação, principalmente nas modalidades concorrência e tomada de preços, tornam-se necessidades reais para a evolução de que a Administração Pública tanto necessita.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o licenciamento ambiental das obras públicas de infraestrutura realizadas sob o Regime Diferenciado de Contratações Públicas (RDC), previsto pelaLei n 12.462/2011. A escolha do país para realizar a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014 e os Jogos Olímpicos de 2016 trouxe a necessidade de responder a encargos contratuais e ao esperado fluxo de turistas. Com isso, tornou-se ainda mais urgente promover melhorias na infraestrutura do país. Contudo, o estatuto legal das licitações e contratos administrativos era visto como inadequado, o que levou à criação do RDC. O novo regime revela-se cercado de controvérsias a respeito de suas benefícios e desvantagens, mas progressivamente vem tendo seu âmbito de aplicação estendido para além dos eventos desportivos internacionais. Ao longo do texto, examina-se a constitucionalidade da nova lei, bem como a proteção jurídica do meio ambiente, enfocando-se o licenciamento ambiental. Por fim, a partir da análise da Lei n 12.462/2011 em face da Constituição da República, propõe-se uma interpretação a respeito da compatibilização entre o RDC e o licenciamento ambiental, considerando a efetividade da legislação ambiental e o princípio da vedação do retrocesso. / The aim of this paper is to analyze the environmental licenses of public constructions under the procurement system known as RDC (Law n 12.462/11). The countrys choice to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 OlimpicGames increased the needs of infrastructure for both the matches and the tourists. However, according to some experts, the general law for bidding process was not able to deal with those urgent needs. These difficulties have influenced the discussions that led to the creation of RDC and brought up some controversial debates concerning the benefits and disadvantages of the new regulation. Despite these controversies, recent laws expanded the new system to other buildings, not limited to the events reported. Throughout the text, not only is it possible to observe the analysis of the compatibility between the new law and the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil, but also environmental licenses concepts. Finally, according to the studies presented about the law n 12.462/2011, it was suggested an interpretation that raises the compatibility between RDC and the environmental protection, considering the effectiveness of environmental laws and the principle of non-regression.

Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s’inscrivent dans une problématique d’aide à l’élaboration d’offres, en adoptant le point de vue de l’entreprise soumissionnaire lors d’un processus de réponse à appel d’offres. Ces offres peuvent concerner indifféremment des produits, des services ou des systèmes produit-service (PSS). Dans le cadre de nos travaux, nous regroupons cette diversité sous le terme « PvSS ». Nous nous intéressons donc à la problématique suivante : «Comment maîtriser et assister l’élaboration d’offres en réponse à appel d’offres ?». Notre première contribution consiste en un cadre de modélisation et d’exploitation des connaissances. Ce cadre est composé d’un modèle générique de structure d’offre, ainsi que d’un modèle d’exploitation des connaissances. Le modèle générique de structure d’offre permet de modéliser à la fois (1) la solution technique (ce que l’entreprise propose au client) et (2) son processus de réalisation (comment l’entreprise fournit cette solution). Il intègre également les notions de contexte d’élaboration, d’exigences client, d’indicateurs d’évaluation (coût, délai de réalisation, confiance, etc.) et de risques. Ce modèle est formalisé et exploité à l’aide d’une taxonomie, d’un problème de satisfaction de contraintes (CSP) et de raisonnement à partir de cas (CBR). Notre deuxième contribution porte sur la caractérisation d’une méthodologie de déploiement et d’exploitation du cadre proposé. Cette méthodologie, appelée ISIEM, intègre des phases d’adaptation et de déploiement du cadre en entreprise (phases d’Initialisation, Spécialisation et Implémentation), mais également des phases d’utilisation (phases d’Exploitation et Mise à jour). Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s’inscrivent dans le cadre du projet ANR OPERA. Nos deux contributions sont illustrées par un cas d’étude provenant de l’une des entreprises partenaires du projet. / The work presented in this thesis deals with assistance in bid elaboration, by adopting the point of view of the bidder during a tendering response process. These bids may concern products, services or product-service systems (PSS). As part of our work, we group this diversity under the term“PvSS”. We are therefore interested in the following problem: “How to master and assist in bid elaboration in response to calls for tenders?”. Our first contribution is a framework for modelling and exploiting knowledge. This framework is composed of a generic model of bid structure, as well as a knowledge exploitation model. The generic model of bid structure allows the modelling of both (1) the technical solution (what the company proposes to the customer) and (2) its realization process (how the company provides this solution to the customer). It also integrates the elaboration context, customer requirements, the evaluation indicators (cost, delivery time, confidence, etc.) and risks. This model is formalized and exploited using a taxonomy, a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) and case-based reasoning (CBR). Our second contribution deals with the characterization of a methodology for deploying and exploiting the proposed framework. This methodology, called ISIEM, includes phases of adaptation and deployment of the framework in enterprise (Initialization, Specialization and Implementation phases), but also phases of use (Exploitation and Maintenance phases). The work presented in this thesis is part of the ANR OPERA project. Our two contributions are illustrated by a case study from one of the project’s partner companies.