This thesis is an inquiry into the creative processes of poetry and poetic expression in documentary. The practice-based element is a 60 minute video about a poet living in Exeter, UK, called James Turner. The documentary is entitled, The Knotweed Factor. This written element of the thesis contextualises the investigation as a discourse on blindness and visual impairment. There are few representations of blindness and/or visual impairment (VI) in The Knotweed Factor. Rather, the documentary is concerned with how visual information (e.g., filming a poet) is translated non-visually (e.g., the sound of the poem being recited). It also addresses the issue of how the non-visual is translated into the visual. I argue in this text that blindness/VI is marginalised in visual studies/culture. This is unfortunate because blindness/VI studies provides valuable context for understanding the dynamics of sound and vision in creative media, which is a central concern of The Knotweed Factor. The rationale for taking this approach is as follows: During the editing, it was noticed that Turner (who is sighted) provides a kind of unprompted audio description (AD) of events in his environment to the audience, as if he is participating in a radio documentary. This raised questions, not only about the ekphrastic possibilities of his technique, but also about the potential to contextualise such scenes as a disquisition on blindness/VI. Blindness/VI is an important and under-theorised element of visual studies/culture (VS/C). Many films, plays, animations, documentaries, and television programmes are audio described. AD enables the blind/visually impaired (also VI) to comprehend and enjoy visual action. It is suggested here that AD theory is an insufficient model for critically reflecting on the creative processes in The Knotweed Factor. This is because the field is presently more concerned with practicability than with aesthetics. It seemed more helpful to address the broader question of how blindness/VI is positioned in VS/C. Doing so has highlighted instances of exclusion and marginalisation in VS/C. In the course of the video production, it was discovered that the interaction of dreams, memories, and ideas (the mindscape) informs the temporal creative process. Most analytical models within VS/C (e.g., Deleuze) offer a dialectical approach to understanding creativity. Henri Bergson, however, proposes a theory of multiplicity, which considers the interplay of phenomenological creativity of the mindscape as a homogenous, multifaceted process, in place of a dialectical one. Martha Blassnigg interrogates Bergson’s responses to audiovisual media and argues that Bergson’s multiplicity formula is more useful for understanding these processes, both for artist and audience. Blassnigg interprets Bergson’s theory as a universality of idea communication. This thesis considers what the universality of audiovisual experience implies for blindness/VI studies. It does so by contextualising the written research as a discourse on VS/C. In The Knotweed Factor, the emotions, sounds, and visual ideas, memories, and dreams which inform James Turner’s creativity are conveyed to the audience in two ways: 1) By sound (Turner’s recitations, interviews, and conversations), and 2) by the documentary’s abstracted audiovisualisations of Turner’s poetry and mindscape. For Turner, the ‘image’ is a personalised, innate phenomenon. It is ephemeral, intangible imagination. Turner’s experience (audiovisualised in The Knotweed Factor) is compared in this written part of the thesis to pre-Socratic ideations of image-making. It is argued that for many cultures, the image was (and for some remains) an emanation of spirit or idea. In other words, the image was considered a transcendent force, and the ‘soul’ of the image eternal and universal. This transcendence is considered in this written element of the thesis as a bridge between the present academic gap in the fields of blindness/VI studies and visual studies/culture. In this text, The Knotweed Factor serves as a case-study to test how non- and minimal-visual elements of audiovisual art and media are positioned in VS/C. Constructed here is a history of the interpretation of blindness and the image, from pre-Socratic aesthetics to the Enlightenment, where ideas concerning the phenomenology of blindness and visual impairment were transformed into epistemological inquiries. This approach enables the researcher to reflect critically on the aesthetics of The Knotweed Factor, using the framework of the non-visual (in this case recited poetry) to test and interrogate the visual (i.e., ‘poetically’ visualised poetry).

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-29T17:57:52Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia3.pdf: 5548648 bytes, checksum: 2716932672f06a8727136fbc00ab3f48 (MD5) Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia2.pdf: 3070017 bytes, checksum: f2f56b4f40340747e8b740aba7efcb77 (MD5) Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia1.pdf: 538382 bytes, checksum: 8b27d9baa6a8146c9fc08b891d1307e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-17T18:51:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia3.pdf: 5548648 bytes, checksum: 2716932672f06a8727136fbc00ab3f48 (MD5) Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia2.pdf: 3070017 bytes, checksum: f2f56b4f40340747e8b740aba7efcb77 (MD5) Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia1.pdf: 538382 bytes, checksum: 8b27d9baa6a8146c9fc08b891d1307e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-17T18:51:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia3.pdf: 5548648 bytes, checksum: 2716932672f06a8727136fbc00ab3f48 (MD5) Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia2.pdf: 3070017 bytes, checksum: f2f56b4f40340747e8b740aba7efcb77 (MD5) Dissertacao_Antonio Bahia1.pdf: 538382 bytes, checksum: 8b27d9baa6a8146c9fc08b891d1307e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este trabalho é resultado de uma investigação sobre o processo de aprendizagem dos movimentos de natação por crianças cegas congênitas, tendo como universo da pesquisa uma classe do Instituto de Cegos da Bahia e os sujeitos ali envolvidos, buscando investigar e compreender as limitações do binômio ensino-aprendizagem e possíveis caminhos metodológicos para que a aprendizagem ocorra, apesar das limitações impostas pela deficiência. Através de estudo teórico, levantamos algumas considerações a respeito do desenvolvimento cognitivo, sócio-afetivo e motor da criança cega, as quais são importantes para a construção de uma pedagogia que torne a sua aprendizagem possível, prazerosa e eficaz, como também, sobre os aspectos da natação que favorecem o seu desenvolvimento global. Em um segundo momento, apresentamos o estudo de caso que nos forneceu pistas e nos revelou particularidades que muito contribuíram para a discussão da temática e a compreensão, de alguns processos que envolvem a aprendizagem da natação, quando não há informação visual para copiar o movimento e, assim, reproduzi-lo. / Salvador

Residual vision, or blindsight, following damage to the primary visual cortex was first identified almost a century ago. However, the mechanism and pathways underlying this ability, as well as the extent of visual function, remain unclear and are a continuing source of speculation. The work presented here goes some way to try to address these questions, investigating 18 patients with V1 damage and homonymous visual field loss acquired in adulthood. Six experimental chapters explore the extent and potential for visual function after V1 damage, and apply novel neuroimaging paradigms and techniques to try to uncover the mechanisms and pathways that might be involved. A combination of psychophysics, functional and structural MRI was used to investigate responses to blind field stimulation in the dorsal and ventral streams. In addition, diffusion MRI tractography was performed and related to psychophysical performance, so that the three main pathways implicated in blindsight could be evaluated. Lastly, a small rehabilitation study was carried out to assess the effect of training in the blind hemifield, and to investigate whether there is any transfer of learning between the dorsal and ventral visual streams. The results from this work reinforce the suggestion that blindsight may be more common than was first thought, and may extend across a number of characteristics involving both visual streams. It is also suggested that visual function need not be completely unconscious, but that certain salient stimuli can elicit both non-visual and crude visual experience. The use of parametric functional imaging paradigms has enabled a number of properties of non-striate inputs to the extrastriate cortex to be revealed. Together with tractography, this points to an important role for the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus in blindsight function. It is hoped that future work will build upon this, and that it may be possible to target these residual pathways in the rehabilitation of patients with V1 damage.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:22:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferraz_lcb_dr_botfm.pdf: 1272413 bytes, checksum: e6358f733b6708125fc92291189f5991 (MD5) / Tendo em vista que o Tracoma é causa de cegueira e que há cinco anos não havia nenhum caso notificado no Município de Bauru - São Paulo, foi realizado o presente estudo que teve por objetivo determinar a prevalência de tracoma e as características de seus portadores, assim como estabelecer um programa de controle da doença para Bauru. Material e método: foi realizado um estudo transversal, aleatorizado, nas escolas estaduais de Bauru, São Paulo. Foram examinadas 1749 crianças do ensino fundamental, de 6 a 14 anos, durante o ano de 2005. As escolas foram escolhidas por sorteio, de acordo com o número de estudantes e de acordo com a localização dentro do setor da cidade (centro, região intermediária e periferia). O diagnóstico dos casos foi clínico, seguindo as normas da Organização Mundial de Saúde, confirmado laboratorialmente em três pacientes que apresentavam o diagnóstico de Tracoma folicular, pelo método da imunofluorescência indireta para detecção de Chlamydia trachomatis. A associação entre presença de doença e características dos portadores foi feita usando o teste de Goodman, teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e estatística descritiva. Todos os casos foram tratados com azitromicina oral, em dose única, e foram acompanhados periodicamente. Resultados: A prevalência de Tracoma inflamatório foi de 3,77%, tendo sido diagnosticado Tracoma folicular em 3,71% e Tracoma intenso em 0,06% das crianças examinadas. As crianças com Tracoma moravam principalmente na região intermediária e periférica da cidade, áreas onde o fornecimento de água pode ser descontínuo e o tratamento do esgoto pode estar ausente. Meninos e meninas foram acometidos de forma semelhante. Prurido e ardor ocular foram sintomas que estavam relacionados com a presença da doença. Foram detectados 175 comunicantes com o diagnóstico... / Trachoma is one of cause of blindness. The last five years there were no cases detected in Bauru, São Paulo. The purpose of this study aimed to determine the prevalence of trachoma in schoolchildren in Bauru and to establish a control program of this disease in Bauru. Material and methods: A transversal random study was carried out in state schools of Bauru, São Paulo. One thousand seven hundred and forty nine children were examined at fundamental classes, between six to fourteen years old during the year 2005. The schools were chosen by random, according to the number of scholar children and the school region and it was represented by section of the city (downtown, middle and periphery). The diagnosis of the cases was clinical, it was according to the World Health Organization protocol, and three patients with clinical follicular trachoma had laboratory confirmation. The laboratory technique chosen was direct smear fluorescent antibodies cytology for Chlamydia trachomatis. The association study among trachoma and relatives variables was done by Goodman test, Kruskal-Wallis test and descriptive statistics. All cases were treated with Azitromycin orally and they had followed up periodically. Results: The sample was composed of 1749 children and the trachoma prevalence was 3,77%. Follicular trachoma was diagnosed in 3,71% of children, and intense trachoma in one child (0,06%). The children with trachoma were living mainly in the middle and periphery region of the city, regions with discontinuous water supply and absent sewerage system. Itching and burning were complains more related to trachoma. One hundred and seventy five contacts were found and were clinic diagnostic with the disease. Conclusion: The Trachoma prevalence in Bauru - São Paulo State is 3,77%. A control program is development to treat ant detect the contacts. This way, there was a bauruense community mobilization to prevent Trachoma blindness in the municipal district.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Pessoas cegas tÃm filhos e, em virtude da limitaÃÃo sensorial, sentem dificuldades no cuidado das suas crianÃas. AlimentaÃÃo complementar do lactente se torna crÃtica, pois envolve nÃo somente a escolha de alimentos, mas preparo, higiene e oferta. A enfermagem assiste as pessoas cegas mediante desenvolvimento de tecnologia assistiva (TA), proporcionando autonomia e independÃncia. Objetivou-se validar TA para pais cegos sobre alimentaÃÃo complementar do lactente, disponibilizada em acesso online. Estudo conforme modelo de Pasquali (2010), realizado entre agosto/2011 e marÃo/2013, no LaboratÃrio de ComunicaÃÃo em SaÃde da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. O referencial teÃrico-metodolÃgico era constituÃdo dos polos teÃrico, empÃrico e analÃtico. O teÃrico contemplou a construÃÃo da tecnologia, por revisÃo integrativa e consulta a materiais especializados; avaliaÃÃo da TA por especialistas em saÃde da crianÃa, aspectos pedagÃgicos e acesso online; e teste piloto com cegos, pais e mÃes naturais ou por adoÃÃo, a partir de 18 anos. O polo empÃrico contemplou a avaliaÃÃo da TA por 89 mÃes e pais cegos. Todos os participantes responderam a instrumentos na escala de Lickert de um a cinco, sendo um a pior nota e cinco a maior. Com o polo analÃtico viabilizou-se a anÃlise estatÃstica dos dados. As variÃveis qualitativas foram analisadas pelos testes Qui-Quadrado e razÃo de verossimilhanÃa. Calcularam-se mÃdia e desvio padrÃo das variÃveis quantitativas e fez-se comparaÃÃo das mÃdias dos tÃpicos por meio do teste t de Student para dados independentes ou pelo teste F de Snedecor (ANOVA). Consideraram-se significantes as anÃlises estatÃsticas inferenciais quando p<0,05. Projeto aprovado pelo Comità de Ãtica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. A TA intitulada âCuidando da alimentaÃÃo do bebÃâ abordou os tipos de alimentos complementares; oferta de alimento à crianÃa; preparo do alimento da crianÃa e higiene da crianÃa e dos alimentos, e foi disponibilizada na pÃgina www.labcomsaude.ufc.br. Quando avaliada pelas nove especialistas, trÃs de cada Ãrea, estas sugeriram: correÃÃes de informaÃÃes de conteÃdo, inclusÃo de linguagem leiga, reforÃar referÃncias à cegueira dos pais no texto e ajuste de mecanismos de acessibilidade. ApÃs os ajustes, as especialistas atribuÃram nota cinco predominante em todos os itens, confirmando sua adequabilidade de conteÃdo e acesso ao pÃblico-alvo. Participaram do pÃlo empÃrico 89 mÃes e pais cegos, prioritariamente mulheres (53,9%), com cegueira de nascenÃa (55,1%), idade mÃdia de 37,91 anos, nÃo casados (52,8%), ensino mÃdio (60,7%) e exercendo atividade remunerada (56,2%), provenientes dos estados de Pernambuco (51,6%) e Piauà (41,6%). A maioria atribuiu nota cinco a todos os itens. As melhores pontuaÃÃes vieram da faixa etÃria entre 30 e 39 anos, casados e com renda familiar entre 2,2 e seis salÃrios mÃnimos. Dentre os tÃpicos da tecnologia, todos apresentaram mÃdias favorÃveis, sendo melhor avaliado o conteÃdo (91,1Â11,7), seguido de acesso online (84,4Â18,9) e aspectos pedagÃgicos (82,9Â15,9). Os resultados viabilizam a hipÃtese que a TA âCuidando da alimentaÃÃo do bebÃâ à meio vÃlido e viÃvel de disseminaÃÃo de informaÃÃes a pais cegos. Ao fim deste estudo, vislumbra-se que o enfermeiro deve utilizar a construÃÃo da TA como estratÃgia de promoÃÃo da saÃde com clientes cegos. / Blind people have children and, due to their sensory limitation, they experience difficulties to take care of their children. Complementary feeding of infants is critical, as it involves not only foods, but also preparation, hygiene and offering. Nursing assists blind people through the development of assistive technology (AT), granting them autonomy and independence. The objective was to validate AT for blind parents about complementary feeding of infants, available online. Study as Pasquali (2010) model undertaken between August/2011 and March/2013 at the Health Communication Laboratory of Universidade Federal do CearÃ. The theoretical and methodological framework consisted of theoretical, empirical and analytic hubs. The theoretical hub covered the construction of the technology through an integrative review and the consultation of specialized materials; assessment of the AT by experts in child health and pedagogical aspects and online access by blind people; and a pilot test with blind people, natural or adoption fathers and mothers, as from the age of 18 years. The empirical hub included the assessment of the AT by a large number of blind mothers and fathers. All participants answered instruments using a Likert scale ranging from one to five, with one indicating the worst and five the best score. The analytic hub permitted the statistical analysis of the data. The qualitative variables were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and likelihood ratio. The means and standard deviation of the quantitative variables were calculated and the means for the topics were compared using Studentâs t-test for independent data or Snedecorâs F-test (ANOVA). Inferential statistical analyses were considered significant when p<0.05. Approval for the project was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee at Universidade Federal do CearÃ. The AT entitled âTaking care of the infantâs feedingâ discussed the types of complementary foods; offering food to the child; preparation of the childâs food and hygiene of the child and was made available on the website www.labcomsaude.ufc.br. When assessed by nine experts, three from each area, they suggested: corrections in content information, non-professional language, references to the parentsâ blindness in the text, access mechanisms. After the adjustments, the experts predominantly scored all items as five, confirming the appropriateness of their content and access to the target public. Eighty-nine blind mothers and fathers participated in the empirical hub, mainly women (53.9%), blind from birth (55.1%), mean age 37.91 years, not married (52.8%), secondary education (60.7%), having a paid job (56.2%), from the states of Pernambuco (51.6%) and Piauà (41.6%). The best scores came from the age range between 30 and 39 years, married and with a family income between 2.2 and six minimum wages. Among the topics addressed in the technology, all obtained favorable mean scores. The highest score was for the content (91.1Â11.7), followed by online access (84.4Â18.9) and pedagogical aspects (82.9Â15.9). The results permit the hypothesis that the AT âTaking care of the infantâs feedingâ is a valid and feasible means to transmit information to blind parents. At the end of this study, it is considered that nurses should use the construction of AT as a health promotion strategy with blind clients.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-01T15:24:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) PESSOA CEGA E COMUNICAÇÃO HUMANA.pdf: 3265799 bytes, checksum: a15b2b1c85ebe00f0d733cdb586477e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T15:24:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) PESSOA CEGA E COMUNICAÇÃO HUMANA.pdf: 3265799 bytes, checksum: a15b2b1c85ebe00f0d733cdb586477e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-05 / A deficiência visual e a sua inclusão na sociedade têm se tornado algo mais comum no dia-a-dia das pessoas, mas, apesar dessa mudança, a verdadeira inclusão ainda não se instituiu plenamente. A comunicação apresenta uma das principais variáveis para a ocorrência de inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual, pois quando se constrói um ambiente comunicacional favorável, elas passam a ter condições básicas de participação junto à sociedade. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo é conhecer as representações sociais de pessoas com cegueira e de pessoas videntes acerca da pessoa cega e a comunicação humana. A coleta foi realizada em duas etapas, inicialmente, através da técnica de associação livre como acesso às representações dos grupos, na qual os sujeitos eram solicitados a emitir evocações que se remetessem ao termo indutor “ser cego”, dando base ao Procedimento de Classificações Múltiplas (PCM). A amostra da pesquisa para esta etapa foi constituída por 50 pessoas cegas (Grupo A), 60 videntes que convivem com pessoas cegas (Grupo B) e 65 videntes que não convivem (Grupo C). No método PCM utilizou-se a classificação livre e classificação dirigida, a partir das palavras mais citadas na etapa de associação livre. Para esta etapa, a amostra foi constituída por 25 do Grupo A, 35 do Grupo B e 40 do Grupo C. Na classificação livre os sujeitos eram solicitados a agruparem os itens da primeira etapa, mais o termo indutor, de forma que encontrassem semelhanças entre si. Já na classificação dirigida, os participantes teriam que ordenar os itens de acordo com o grau de associação com o termo “ser cego”. Para melhor compreender a estrutura da Representação Social, a análise dos dados aconteceu por meio da Análise de Menores Espaços – SSA, que estabelecem a estruturação do campo das representações e foi utilizada a Teoria das Facetas que proporciona um apoio para a análise em questão. O projeto foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa em Seres Humanos e a pesquisa foi realizada no município do Crato – Ce. O SSA apresenta áreas que mostra o posicionamento dos itens em cada grupo, diante disso, quatro regiões expressaram a representação dos sujeitos: Autonomia, Comunicação humana, Obstáculos à inclusão e Aspectos emocionais negativos. Verificou-se que o grupo A, que vivencia a cegueira, acredita em um bom desempenho comunicativo através do auxílio de outros sentidos e para este grupo, os fatores negativos foram os menos relacionados à deficiência. O grupo B, que conhece o dia-a-dia da pessoa cega, representou os fatores que abordam as dificuldades diárias como os mais relevantes, apesar de conhecer e acreditar nas potencialidades de cada um. Para o grupo C, que não tem convívio com pessoas cegas, os fatores negativos aparecem como os mais predominantes em relação à cegueira. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que os grupos representam de maneira distinta a relação ser cego e a comunicação humana e que, quanto mais se vive a realidade da pessoa cega, mais esta deficiência é relacionada a aspectos positivos, distante da representação de quem não convive e não conhece. / The visually impaired and their inclusion in society have become something more common in day-to-day lives, but in spite of this change, the real inclusion is not yet fully established. The communication presents one of the main variables for the occurrence of inclusion of people with visual impairment, as when building a favorable communication environment, they now have the basic conditions of participation in society. Thus, the aim of this study is to understand the social representations of people with blindness and sighted people about the blind person and human communication. Data collection was conducted in two stages, initially, through the technique of free association as access to representations of the groups, in which subjects were asked to issue evocations that refers the inducing term "be blind", giving basis to Multiple Classifications Procedure (MCP). The survey sample for this stage consisted of 50 blind people (Group A), 60 seers who live with blind people (Group B) and 65 seers who do not live (Group C). In the MCP method used to free classification and directed classification, from the words most frequently mentioned in free association step. For this step, the sample consisted of 25 in Group A, 35 in Group B and 40 in Group C. In free classification the subjects were asked to group together items from the first step, plus the inductor term, so they found similarities between itself. In the run classification, participants would have to sort the items according to the degree of association with the term "be blind". To better understand the structure of Social Representation, the analysis of the data happened through the Smallest Space Analysis - SSA that establish the structure of the field of representations and we used the Theory of Facets which provides support for the analysis in question. The project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee in Human Beings and the survey was conducted in the municipality of Crato - Ce. The SSA has areas showing the placement of items in each group, before that, four regions expressed the representation of subjects: Autonomy, Human Communication, Barriers to inclusion and negative emotional aspects. It was found that the group A, who experience blindness, believe in a good communicative performance through the help of other senses and for this group, the negative factors were the least related to disability. Group B, who knows the day-to-day blind person, represented the factors that address the daily difficulties as the most relevant, although know and believe in the potential of each. For group C, which has no contact with blind people, the negative factors emerge as being the most prevalent in relation to blindness. Given the above, it is concluded that the groups represent differently the relationship be blind and human communication and that the more one lives the reality of the blind person, the more this deficiency is related to positive aspects, apart from the representation of those who do not lives and do not know.

Orientador: Lucia Helena Reily / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T01:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_LeonardoAugustoCardosode_M.pdf: 1691080 bytes, checksum: b9b8a510ad90baa5d5838a1d51083b89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Diversos estudos documentam a importância da música para a pessoa com deficiência visual como veículo para linguagem comunicativa. No Brasil ainda há poucos estudos sobre música e cegueira, embora haja uma forte tradição cristã de performance musical de cegos pedintes no mundo ocidental. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, pretende compreender quais as problemáticas enfrentadas por pessoas cegas que tenham atuação em música como atividade de lazer ou profissional quanto ao acesso à aprendizagem da música. Com base em seus relatos sobre a vivência e formação musical de pessoas cegas, o objetivo foi criar subsídios que possam nortear o preparo de professores de música que atuam com pessoas com deficiência visual. Os participantes do estudo foram adultos com cegueira congênita ou adquirida precocemente que atuam no campo da música profissionalmente ou por lazer. Por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, procurou-se conhecer suas vivências no campo da música: preferência musical, conhecimento formal em iniciação musical, instrumento ou canto, e interesse em realizar atividades relacionadas ao ensino musical. Os participantes foram indicados por profissionais que trabalham em instituições de Campinas e região que atendem a deficientes visuais e no Centro Cultural Louis Braille de Campinas. Os dados foram analisados por categorização e discutidos a partir da literatura e da realidade do cenário cultural atual. Os resultados apontam para a ausência da iniciação musical na escola e destacam a importância do incentivo da família, da comunidade, e o engajamento do próprio aluno com deficiência visual nos seus processos de formação musical / Abstract: Several studies present evidence on the importance of music in the lives of people with visual impairments as a means of expression and communication. In Brazil, there are still very few studies on music and blindness, despite the strong Christian tradition of musical performance of blind beggars in western cultures. This qualitative study aims to understand issues related to access to music and learning processes experienced by people with blindness for which music is a significant professional or leisure activity. Based on reports on musical experience and musical development by people who are blind, the objective of this study was to create guidelines that should contribute to prepare music teachers to work with people with visual impairments. The participants of the study were adults with congenital blindness or blindness acquired at an early age who work in the field of music professionally or as an important hobby. Using semi-structured interviews, we sought to understand their experiences in the field of music: their musical preferences, their formal understanding in music initiation, instrument or singing, and their interest in becoming involved in teaching music. The participants were indicated by professionals that work in institutions in Campinas and surrounding cities that work with people with visual impairments, as well as the Centro Cultural Louis Braille de Campinas. The data was analyzed according to categories and the discussion was based on the literature and discussed in light of current contexts. The results indicate the absence of music education in their schooling and highlight the importance of family and community incentive, and the commitment of the student with visual impairment in the process of music development / Mestrado / Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação / Mestre em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

The diploma thesis analyses czechoslovakian society between 1948 and 1989 with help of ethical blindness concept. It focuses on former living conditions, ways of perceiving socialist system and how public adapted to it. Ethical blindness is a state of mind which makes us blind for the ethical dimension of our decision. It is unintentional and usually short-term, caused by individual characteristics and very strong context. The hypothesis lays in assumptions that ethical blindness was present during the communist era in Czechoslovakia and can be used to interpret passiveness of former public and its consequences. The thesis conerns also those who managed to release themselves from ethical blindness.

Recent studies have offered an abundance of evidence which indicates that night blindness is caused by vitamin A deficiency. Both adults and children have been used to investigate the relationship between vitamin A deficiency and night blindness.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar cómo la anomalía perceptiva del color reconfigura la jerarquía visual. Por ello, la hipótesis que se planteó fue que utilizar el contraste en otros elementos gráficos, además del color, permitirá que la gráfica sea mejor percibida por personas con discromatopsia. La metodología utilizada fue, primero el cuestionario para obtener el porcentaje de medios más consumido por la muestra. Segundo, se adaptó el Checklist Sirius según los criterios que cumplían con los fundamentos de diseño de Wong. De esta forma, se recolectaron datos sobre los elementos de diseño que permiten que las personas con discromatopsia perciban con mayor efectividad el producto visual. Los resultados reflejaron que las personas con discromatopsia no presentan diferencias de percepción en cuanto al logotipo de la página web analizada y la compresibilidad de las fotografías. Sin embargo, presentan diferencias entre 16,7% y 33,3% en cuanto a la legibilidad del texto, las zonas en blanco, el uso correcto del espacio visual, los íconos, las secciones de la página, la cantidad de contenido informativo y texturas. En conclusión, se pudo confirmar que existen otros elementos visuales, además del color, que las personas con discromatopsia o tricromatopsia rojo - verde toman en cuenta para interpretar la información de la página web de El Comercio. Tanto la sobrecarga informativa y una interfaz limpia sin ruido visual, son relevantes para que la gráfica sea mejor percibida por personas con discromatopsia en comparación con personas sin anomalías perceptivas del color. / The objective of this investigation was to determine how the perceptual anomaly of color reconfigures the visual hierarchy. Therefore, the hypothesis that was raised was that using contrast in other graphic elements, in addition to color, will allow the graphic to be better perceived by people with dyschromatopsia. The methodology used was, first the questionnaire to obtain the percentage of the media most consumed by the sample. Second, the Sirius Checklist was adapted according to the criteria that met Wong’s design fundamentals. In this way, data was collected on the design elements that allow people with dyschromatopsia to perceive the visual product more effectively. The results showed that people with dyschromatopsia do not present differences in perception regarding the logo of the analysed website and the compressibility of the photographs. However, they show differences between 16,7% and 33,3% in terms of the readability of the text, the blank areas, the correct use of visual space, the icons, the sections of the page, the amount of informative content and textures. In conclusion, it was possible to confirm that there are other visual elements, in addition to color, that people with dyschromatopsia take into account to interpret the information on the website elcomerio.pe. Both, the information overload and a clean interface without visual noise are relevant elements that contribute to make the graphic better perceived by people with dyschromatopsia compared to people without perceptual color abnormalities. / Trabajo de investigación