Abstract Stem cell therapy has several mechanisms for repairing damaged myocardium and improving functional capacity of the left ventricle reduced by myocardial infarction. Despite the increase in scientific data, details of these mechanisms are still partly unexplained. The optimal number and type of stem cells as well as timing and route of transplantation are unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BM-MNCs) using experimental porcine acute myocardial infarction model. Myocardial infarction was caused by occluding the circumflex coronary artery for 90 minutes. Immediately after reperfusion BM-MNCs were injected directly into the damaged myocardium or by angioplastic catheter into the infarct-related coronary artery. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved 3 weeks after infarction in animals that received BM-MNCs intramyocardially whereas in animals that received intracoronary transplantation or saline LVEF failed to recover. Radionuclide imaging and histological analysis showed intramyocardially transplanted cells remaining in the infarcted myocardium, whereas after intracoronary transplantation a major fraction of cells flushed into the lungs. In histological analysis minor fraction of BM-MNCs showed differentiation towards myocyte form and proliferation. Significantly lower collagen density and higher levels of smooth muscle actin and skeletal muscle actin were detected in the infarcted myocardium after intramyocardial or intracoronary BM-MNC transplantation compared with animals that received saline. Proteomic screening indicated that mitochondrial energy metabolism recovered after BM-MNC transplantation. Additionally, two proteins showed elevated levels after BM-MNC transplantation, which indicates that they are actively involved in the pathological mechanisms. BM-MNCs appear to enhance recovery of the infarcted myocardium by restoring the reduced LVEF after infarction. Intramyocardial stem cell therapy showed best results in recovery. Stem cell therapy moulds the infarct scar by reducing collagen density and by increasing components typical for muscle cells. The effects of stem cell therapy are mainly paracrine. / Tiivistelmä Kantasoluterapian on havaittu korjaavan infarktissa vaurioitunutta sydänlihasta toimintakykyisemmäksi usealla mekanismilla sekä parantavan sydänlihaksen pumppaustoimintaa. Huolimatta lisääntyneestä tutkimustiedosta näiden monimutkaisten mekanismien yksityiskohdat ovat edelleen paljolti selvittämättä. Samoin käytettävien kantasolujen tyypin, määrän, siirtotekniikan ja siirron ajoituksen optimointi on vielä epäselvää. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää kokeellista sian infarktimallia käyttäen luuytimen kantasolujen kykyä tehostaa vaurioituneen sydänlihaksen toipumista akuutin infarktin jälkeen. Mallissa aiheutettiin sydäninfarkti sulkemalla vasemman sepelvaltimon kiertävähaara 90 minuutiksi. Välittömästi verenkierron uudelleen avaamisen jälkeen luuytimen soluja ruiskutettiin infarktialueelle joko suoraan sydänlihakseen tai sepelvaltimoon. Kolmen viikon kuluttua infarktista kantasoluja suoraan sydänlihakseen saaneiden eläinten vasemman kammion ejektiofraktio (LVEF) parani tilastollisesti merkitsevästi verrattuna kantasoluja sepelvaltimoon saaneisiin eläimiin ja keittosuolaa saaneisiin eläimiin, joiden LVEF pysyi infarktin jälkeisellä alentuneella tasolla. Isotooppitutkimus ja histologinen analyysi osoittivat, että suoraan sydänlihakseen ruiskutetuista kantasoluista valtaosa säilyy infarktialueella kun taas sepelvaltimoon siirretyt solut pääasiassa ajautuvat keuhkoihin. Histologisessa analyysissa sydänlihakseen ruiskutettujen solujen todettiin vähäisessä määrin erilaistuvan lihassolujen suuntaan ja jakautuvan. Kantasoluja saaneiden eläinten ryhmissä todettiin infarktialueella merkitsevästi alhaisempi kollageenipitoisuus sekä enemmän sileälihassolujen aktiinia ja poikkijuovaisten lihassolujen aktiinia kuin keittosuolaa saaneilla eläimillä. Proteomiikka-analyysin tulokset viittaavat kantasoluterapian saaneilla eläimillä mitokondrioiden energiatalouden tehostumiseen. Lisäksi esille tuli kaksi kantasoluterapian jälkeen aktiivista proteiinia, joilla todennäköisesti on keskeinen tehtävä infarktin patogeneesissä. Tutkimuksen perusteella luuytimen kantasolut tehostavat sydänlihaksen toipumista infarktista palauttamalla sydämen alentunutta pumppaustehoa. Suoraan sydänlihakseen annettu kantasoluterapia vaikuttaa tehokkaimmalta menetelmältä. Kantasoluterapia muovaa infarktiarpea vähentämällä kollageenin ja lisäämällä lihassoluille tyypillisten komponenttien määrää. Kantasoluterapian vaikutukset ovat pääasiassa parakriinisiä.

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic region in the human genome and accounts for more than 10% of human diversity. This region plays an important role in matching donors and recipients for transplantation. The South African Bone Marrow Registry (SABMR) does not reflect the demographics of the South African population. The large number of polymorphisms resulting from HLA diversity in the Black South African population and their limited representation in the SABMR reduce the chances of finding adequate matches between donors and recipients in this group. Umbilical cord blood is an alternative to bone marrow for the treatment of fatal diseases. Less strict HLA matching is required due to the naive nature of the T cells in cord blood. A public umbilical cord blood bank is a necessity in trying to cater for the diverse population in South Africa. However, the ethnic diversity of the South African population poses a great challenge in constituting a public umbilical cord blood bank that is representative of the entire population. The Roche designed next generation sequencing (NGS) high resolution (HR) HLA typing kit enables sequencing of additional HLA exons and could improve the degree of matching between individuals to ultimately decrease adverse reactions. An extensive study of the literature was performed to establish the demographics, linguistics, and HLA diversity of the South African population to determine how a public cord blood bank should be constituted. In addition, HLA genotyping was performed by 454 NGS on 20 samples that had previously been HLA typed by conventional methods. The 454 NGS technique made use of a Roche designed medium and high resolution HLA typing kit to genotype the samples. It was possible to assign accurate genotypes to 95.5% of the loci of interest for the total number of 20 samples using the MR kit, compared with 98.5% using the HR kit. In conclusion, the present study indicates the extreme HLA diversity in the South African population, and therefore, recommends constituting the first public umbilical cord blood bank in Gauteng on the basis of race or major ethnic groupings. A minimum number of 10 000 cord blood units is needed to initiate the bank. Furthermore, the 454 NGS platform together with the HR HLA typing kit display potential as an alternative method to be used in a public cord blood bank, as well as routine clinical and diagnostic laboratories, to ultimately improve HLA matching between donors and recipients. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Immunology / unrestricted

Heart valve disease (HVD) or a damaged valve can severely compromise the heart's ability to pump efficiently. Balloon valvuloplasty is preferred on neonates with aortic valve stenosis. Even though this procedure decreases the gradient pressure across the aortic valve, restenosis is observed soon after balloon intervention. Tissue engineering heart valves (TEHV), using bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and biodegradable scaffolds, have been investigated as an alternative to current non-viable prosthesis. By observing the changes in hemodynamics following balloon aortic valvuloplasty, we could uncover a potential cause for rapid restenosis after balloon intervention. Subsequently, a tissue engineering treatment strategy based on BMSC mechanobiology could be defined. Understanding and identifying the mechanisms by which cytoskeletal changes may lead to cellular differentiation of a valvular phenotype is a first critical step in enhancing the promotion of a robust valvular phenotype from BMSCs.

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença autoimune desmielinizante progressiva imunomediada por linfócitos T auto-reativos, que provocam uma cascata imunológica, amplificando a inflamação local. No Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), existem linfócitos T auto reativos destroem as células beta do pâncreas, causando deficiência na produção de insulina. O desenvolvimento de terapêuticas específicas fica limitado pela etiologia indefinida destas doenças, apesar de avanços na terapêutica antiinflamatória e imunossupressora. Uma alternativa de tratamento atual para tais doenças é o transplante autólogo de células tronco hematopoéticas (TACTH). O presente estudo, observacional do tipo transversal, com a coleta de dados de caráter retrospectivo, tem como objetivo identificar as reações adversas manifestadas pelos pacientes diabéticos ou de esclerose múltipla, submetidos ao TACTH no período de 2004 a dezembro de 2010. Para a coleta de dados elaborou-se dois instrumentos que foram submetidos à validação aparente e de conteúdo por três juízes. A amostra final do estudo foi constituída pela obtenção dos dados de 72 prontuários, sendo 23 de pacientes diabéticos e 49 de pacientes com EM. Em relação aos pacientes diabéticos 16 pertenciam ao sexo masculino e a idade média foi 18,26 anos. Todos possuíam positividade para o anticorpo anti-carboxilase do ácido glutâmico (antiGAD65). Quanto aos pacientes com EM, trinta e três pertenciam ao sexo feminino e idade média foi de 37,2 anos. O subtipo da doença mais frequente foi o surto-remissivo em 21 (42,9%) pacientes. A escala expandida do estado de incapacidade (EDSS) variou entre 3,0 e 6,5. Em relação às reações adversas manifestadas pelos pacientes diabéticos foram mais frequentes os calafrios, febre, cefaléia, náusea e vômito e nos pacientes com esclerose múltipla foram retenção hídrica e cefaléia. As principais intervenções de enfermagem identificadas para os pacientes diabéticos e com EM foram monitorização dos sinais vitais, coleta de hemocultura, otimização da administração de medicamentos antieméticos, controle da infusão da globulina antitimocitária, orientações sobre alimentação e para reduzir o risco de queda. Os pacientes com DM1 apresentam reações mais agudas e necessitam de monitorização contínua. Já os pacientes com EM são mais dependentes dos cuidados de enfermagem, exigindo maior tempo de cuidados prestados pelo profissional. Embora o DM1 e a EM sejam doenças distintas, percebe-se que na prática clínica, exigem do enfermeiro uma excelência no cuidado, quer pelas particularidades do tratamento realizado ou pelas singularidades de cada uma delas. / Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating autoimmune disease, immune- mediated by auto-reactive T lymphocytes, which provoke an immunological cascade, enhancing the local inflammation. In type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), self-reactive T lymphocytes exist that destroy ? cells in the pancreas, causing insulin production deficiency. The development of specific therapeutics is limited by these diseases\' undefined etiology, despite advances in anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy. A current treatment alternative for these diseases is autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (AHSCT). The aim of this observational and cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection is to identify the adverse reactions manifested by diabetic or MS patients who were submitted to AHSCT between 2004 and December 2010. For data collection, two instruments were elaborated, submitted to face and content validation with the help of three experts. The final study sample comprised data from 72 patient files, 23 from diabetic and 49 from MS patients. As for the diabetic patients, 16 were male and the mean age was 18.26 years. All were positive for the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (antiGAD65) antibody. Concerning MS patients, 33 were female and the mean age was 37.2 years. The most frequent disease subtype was relapsing-remitting in 21 (42.9%) patients. The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score ranged between 3.0 and 6.5. As for the adverse reactions the diabetic patients manifested, shivers, fever, migraine, nausea and vomiting were the most frequent, while fluid retention and migraine were the most frequent among multiple sclerosis patients. The main nursing interventions identified for the diabetic and MS patients were vital sign monitoring, blood culture collection, optimization of anti-emetic drug administration, control of anti- thymocyte globulin infusion, dietary orientations and advice to reduce the risk of falls. DM1 patients present more acute reactions and need continuous monitoring. MS patients are more dependent on nursing care, demanding lower professional care time. Although DM1 and MS are distinct conditions, in clinical practice, they demand excellent care from nurses, whether due to the particularities of the treatment or the singularities of each disease.

A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) destaca-se como uma das doenças de maior prevalência, mortalidade e incapacitação. O principal fator de risco para a DPOC vincula-se à exposição a partículas e gases nocivos, sendo o tabagismo responsável pela maioria dos casos da doença. Apesar dos avanços terapêuticos, não há até o presente uma forma de tratamento eficaz. Neste contexto, as células-tronco representam uma prática terapêutica potencialmente promissora. Foi proposto, neste estudo, o uso de um modelo animal de enfisema pulmonar que busca mimetizar as condições patológicas de pacientes tabagistas, permitindo testar, in vivo, os efeitos terapêuticos das células-tronco. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os animais expostos à fumaça de cigarro desenvolveram os aspectos histomorfológicos da doença. A fluorescência direta revelou que as células infundidas migraram para os pulmões, esse achado, em concomitância com a recuperação pulmonar permitem sugerir que as células-tronco atuaram na regeneração do órgão. Consolidou-se, neste estudo, um novo aparato e uma metodologia que permitem avaliar novas terapias experimentais. Além disso, demonstrou-se a potencialidade terapêutica das células-tronco no tratamento do enfisema pulmonar. / Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) stands out as one of the most prevalent diseases, mortality and disability. The main risk factor for COPD is linked to exposure to noxious particles and gases, tobacco use is responsible for most cases of the disease. Despite therapeutic advances, there is no effective treatment. In this context, stem cells represent a potentially promising therapeutic practice. It was proposed in this study, using an animal model of emphysema that seeks to mimic the pathological conditions of smokers, allowing you to test, in vivo, the therapeutic effects of stem cells. The results showed that animals exposed to cigarette smoke developed the histopathological aspects of the disease. The direct fluorescence revealed that the infused cells migrated to the lungs, this finding, in tandem with the recovering lung may suggest that the stem cells worked in organ regeneration. Consolidated, in this study, a new apparatus and methodology for assessing new experimental therapies. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the therapeutic potential of stem cells in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema.

O vetor retroviral é uma ferramenta de transferência gênica largamente utilizada em ensaios de laboratório e em protocolos clínicos. Nosso laboratório desenvolveu um novo vetor, chamado pCLPG, com expressão viral sob comando de p53, um supressor de tumor e um ativador indutível de transcrição, com alvo de estabelecer um vetor com alta expressão. O sistema pCLPG demonstrou um nível de expressão superior ao vetor não modificado em ensaios em cultura de células. Neste projeto, nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a expressão do vetor pCLPG in vivo, utilizando um modelo animal de transdução de células da medula óssea (CMO) do camundongo C57BL/6 seguido por transplante em animais recipientes previamente irradiados para abolir o sistema hematopoiético. Visando observar a expressão sustentada do transgene in vivo, padronizamos o transplante de CMO seriado, transdução do vetor retroviral, realizamos análise do gene repórter eGFP por citometria de fluxo e análise por real time PCR, além da observação de outros tecidos como baço, timo, sangue periférico. Realizamos também analises hematológicas nos animais transplantados para observação de possíveis efeitos adversos relacioanados com a presença do retrovírus. Com estes ensaios não foi observado uma diferença significante entre o desempenho do vetor parental pCLeGFP e o pCLPGeGFP. Tanto o número de células eGFP positivas quanto a expressão do gene repórter diminuíram ao longo do processo de transplante seriado. Expressão foi observada em 3-4%, 2-3% ou 2-3% das celulas recuperadas da medula ossea dos recipientes primários, secundários ou terciários de CMO transduzida com o vetor pCLeGFP, mas não no sangue periférico, timo ou baço. Semelhantemente, células eGFP-positivas (6-7%, 4-4,5% ou 3-3,5%) foram observadas após transplante seriado somente na medula óssea de animais recipientes de CMO transduzida com o vetor pCLPGeGFP. Entretanto, sangue periférico foi recuperado dos recipientes e tratado com 5-asacitidina, proporcionando a indução de expressão de eGFP a partir de ambos os vetores em aproximadamente 4% das células, implicando que o silenciamento viral poderia estar relacionado com processos de metilação. Este estudo demonstrou que as modificações no promotor do vetor pCLPG não foram suficientes para evitar silenciamento de expressão viral no modelo utilizado. / The retroviral vector is a widely used gene transfer tool in both laboratory assays and clinical trials. Our laboratory developed a new vector, called pCLPG, with viral expression under the command of p53, a tumor suppressor and inducible activator of transcription, with the aim of establishing a vector with high level expression. The level of expression offered by the pCLPG system was superior to the non-modified vector in cell culture assays. In this project, our objective was to characterize the expression of the pCLPG vector in vivo utilizing an animal model where bone marrow cells (BMC) from C57BL/6 mice are transduced and then transplanted in recipient animals that have been previously irradiated in order to abolish the hematopoietic system. With the aim of observing sustained transgene expression in vivo, we standardized serial BMC transplantation, transduction with retroviral vectors and analyzed the eGFP reporter gene by flow cytometry and real time PCR, and also studied other tissues, such as spleen, thymus and peripheral blood. We also performed hematologic analyses in the transplanted animals in to observe possible adverse events related to the presence of the retrovirus.These assays did not reveal a significant difference between the performances of the parental pCLeGFP vector and pCLPGeGFP. Both the number of eGFP-positive cells and the intensity of reporter gene expression diminished during the serial transplant process. Expression was observed in 3-4%, 2-3% or 2-3% of cells recovered from bone marrow of the primary, secondary or terciary recipients of BMC transduced with the pCLeGFP vector, but not in peripheral blood, thymus or spleen. Similarly, eGFP-positive cells (6-7%, 4-4.5% or 3-3.5%) were observed after serial transplantation only in the bone marrow of animals that received BMC transduced with the pCLPGeGFP vector. However, peripheral blood was recovered from recipients and treated with 5-azacytidine, inducing the expression of eGFP from both vectors in approximately 4% of these cells, implying that viral silencing may have been related with methylation. This study demonstrated that the modifications in the promoter of the pCLPG vector were not sufficient to avoid silencing of viral expression in this model.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:55:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Silva Souza-dissertacao.pdf: 3490471 bytes, checksum: c67d9a32f1552af2738fbcd53645873e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-10 / In addition to being an important source of nutrients, the potential therapeutic effectiveness of H. annuus L. seeds has been previously demonstrated; the beneficial properties of H. annuus L. seeds include an ability to relieve asthmatic symptoms, protective effects on the stomach, benefits to healing, and anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. This research evaluated the mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of oil and tincture of H. annuus L. seeds using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between these preparations and the genotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DOX) was also analyzed. Experimental groups were evaluated after 24-48 h of treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU) and DOX (positive controls), NaCl (a negative control), a sunflower tincture (250-2,000 mg.Kg-1 of THALS) and two sources of sunflower oils (250-2,000 mg.Kg-1 of POHALS and FOHALS). Anti-mutagenic assays were carried out using the sunflower tincture and oils separately and in combination with these controls. The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) was significantly different (p &#61500; 0.05) between (i) the positive and negative control treatments, (ii) the positive controls and animals treated with THALS and (iii) animals treated with THALS and and THALS combined with the positive controls. However, a slight genotoxicity was observed in the animals treated with the combination of THALS+DOX. Both sources of oils (FOHALS and POHALS) revealed similar results; in these groups, the frequencies of MNPCEs were similar to those observed in negative controls. Statistically significant differences were also observed between the sunflower oil treatments and their associated positive controls. There was no genotoxicity (clastogenicity/aneugenicity) observed in THALS, POHALS and FOHALS regardless of the dose, time (except FOHALS) and gender of mouse (except POHALS and FOHALS). The moderate anti-genotoxic effects of THALS suggest a potential slight protective mechanism against DOX-induced genotoxic effects. / A efetividade terapêutica potencial das sementes de H. annuus L. tem sido demonstrada (alívio dos sintomas da asma, efeitos da proteção gástrica, cicatrização, propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antimicrobianas), em adição à sua importante fonte de nutrientes. Esta pesquisa avaliou a mutagenicidade e anti-mutagenicidade do óleo e da tintura de sementes de H. annuus L. usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A associação sobre os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pela doxorrubicina (DOX) também foi analisada. Grupos experimentais foram avaliados após 24-48h de tratamento com N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (NUE) e DOX (controles positivos), NaCl (controle negativo), tintura (250-2.000 mg.Kg-1 de THALS) e duas fontes de óleo de girassol (250-2.000 mg.Kg-1 de POHALS e FOHALS). Ensaios anti-mutagênicos foram realizados usando os controles positives associados com a tintura e óleos de girassol, separadamente. A frequência de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (MNPCEs) foi estatisticamente diferente (p < 0,05) entre (i) os tratamentos controles positives e negativo, (ii) controles positivos e tratamento com THALS e (iii) tratamento com THALS e sua associação aos controles positivos. Contudo, uma leve genotoxicidade foi observada na associação THALS+DOX. Ambas as fontes de óleos (FOHALS e POHALS) revelaram resultados similares, cujas frequências de MNPCEs foram consistentes com aqueles observados no controle negativo. Diferenças significativas também ocorreram entre os tratamentos de óleos e suas associações com os controles positivos. A ausência de genotoxicidade (clastogenia/aneugenia) da THALS, POHALS e FOHALS pode ser inferida independentemente da dose, tempo (exceto para FOHALS) e gênero de camundongo (exceto para POHALS e FOHALS). Efeitos anti-genotóxicos moderados de THALS sugerem um potencial mecanismo ligeiramente protetor sobre os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pela DOX.

Submitted by biblioteca unifenas (biblioteca@unifenas.br) on 2017-09-18T20:18:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Soares Terra Dissertação.pdf: 5586714 bytes, checksum: b90d918d9ac7cb880dcc55847cd8c5fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T20:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Soares Terra Dissertação.pdf: 5586714 bytes, checksum: b90d918d9ac7cb880dcc55847cd8c5fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG / Salvia officinalis has been widely used in culinary and traditional medicine, and studies have identified numerous chemical compounds and potential therapeutic actions. This study evaluated the genotoxicity of lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis L. (SO) leaves using the micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow. The interaction between SO and the genotoxic effects induced by doxorubicin (DXR) was also analyzed – antigenotoxicity assay. Experimental groups consisting of male and female Swiss albinus mice (Unib: SW) were evaluated after 24-48h treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP; 50 mg/kg), DXR (5 mg/kg), NaCl 0.5-2 g/kg) and SO (0.5 g/kg) + DXR (5 mg/kg). The PCEMN analyzes showed differences (p0.05) between SO (1-2 g/kg) and NaCl treatments, regardless of gender and time. DXR induced EPCMNs significantly in both genders and treatment times. Groups of mice treated with DXR showed lower frequencies (p0.05) of PCEMNs when compared to CP control groups (50 mg/kg). Associative treatment (500 mg/kg SO + 5 mg/kg DXR) did not reduce the frequency of DXR-induced PCEMNs (p0.05). The PCE/NCE ratio between control (NaCl, CP and DXR) and experimental genotoxic and antigenotoxic (SO; SO + DXR) treatments were insignificant (p0.05). The results suggest moderately genotoxic effects (clastogeny and/or aneugeny) of S. officinalis L. leaves, dose-dependent (i.e., from 1 g/kg) and gender- and time-independent. However, S. officinalis has no systemic toxicity and antigenotoxic effects (SO + DXR) under the conditions established in the present micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow. / Salvia officinalis tem sido amplamente utilizada na culinária e na medicina tradicional, e estudos têm identificado inúmeros compostos químicos e potenciais ações terapêuticas. Esta pesquisa avaliou a genotoxicidade do extrato hidroalcoólico liofilizado de folhas de S. officinalis L. (SO) usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. A interação entre SO e os efeitos genotóxicos induzidos pela doxorrubicina (DXR) também foi analisada – ensaio de antigenotoxicidade. Grupos experimentais constituídos de camundongos machos e fêmeas Swiss albinus (Unib: SW) foram avaliados após 24-48h de tratamento com ciclofosfamida (CP; 50 mg/Kg), DXR (5 mg/Kg), NaCl (150 mM), SO (0,5–2 g/Kg) e SO (0,5 g/Kg) + DXR (5 mg/Kg). As análises de EPCMNs mostraram diferenças (p0,05) entre os tratamentos de SO (1–2 g/Kg) e NaCl, independentemente do gênero e do tempo. DXR induziu EPCMNs significativamente em ambos os gêneros e tempos de tratamento. Grupos de camundongos tratados com DXR mostraram frequências menores (p<0,05) de EPCMNs quando comparados com os grupos controles CP (50 mg/Kg). O tratamento associativo (500 mg/Kg de SO + 5 mg/Kg de DXR) não reduziu a frequência de EPCMNs (p<0,05) induzida por DXR. As proporções de EPC/ENC entre tratamentos controles (NaCl, CP e DXR) e experimentais genotóxicos e antigenotóxicos (SO; SO + DXR) foram insignificantes (p0,05). Os resultados sugerem efeitos moderadamente genotóxicos (clastogenia e/ou aneugenia) de folhas de S. officinalis L., dose-dependente (i.e., a partir de 1 g/Kg) e gênero- e tempo-independentes. Contudo, S. officinalis não apresenta toxicidade sistêmica e efeitos antigenotóxicos (SO + DXR) nas condições estabelecidas no presente teste do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos.

Submitted by biblioteca unifenas (biblioteca@unifenas.br) on 2018-03-02T17:52:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maysa Eduarda de Castro Dissertação.pdf: 1155468 bytes, checksum: c65b96b4486f0cf6c4642c0a68aa6335 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-02T17:52:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maysa Eduarda de Castro Dissertação.pdf: 1155468 bytes, checksum: c65b96b4486f0cf6c4642c0a68aa6335 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG / Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (HI) it has been widely used for an extended period in traditional medicine, and several studies have shown the presence of chemical compounds and phytotherapeutic potentials of this plant. The objective was to evaluate the genotoxicity of the extract of H. impetiginosus and lapachol (LAP), one of the main compounds found in this plant, using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. Experimental groups consisting of male and female Swiss albinus mice (Unib: SW) were evaluated after 24-48h (HI) e 24h (LAP) post treatment with Cyclophosphamide (CYCLO, 50 mg.kg-1), NaCl (150 mM), HI (0.5; 1.2 g.kg-1), LAP (0.075, 0.15, 0.30 g.kg-1). For HI, analysis of the MNPCEs showed significant differences between treatment doses (500–2,000 mg.kg-1) and NaCl. PCE/NCE showed significant differences between treatment doses (500–2,000 mg.kg-1) or NaCl compared to CP (50 mg.kg-1). This research suggests presence of genotoxicity in treatment doses 2,000 mg.kg-1, and mild genotoxicity in the others treatment doses (500–1,000 mg.kg-1) of HI, sex and time-independent and absence of toxicity doses-, time- and sex-independent. However, for lapacho, analysis of the MNPCEs showed significant differences between treatment dose (300 mg.kg-1) and NaCl. PCE/NCE showed significant differences between treatment doses (500–2,000 mg.kg-1) or NaCl compared to CP (50 mg.kg-1). This research suggests presence of genotoxicity of LAP, dose-dependent (300 mg.kg-1), but time- and sex-independent and absence of toxicity doses-, time- and sex-independent. / Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.). Mattos (HI) tem sido muito utilizada por um extenso período na medicina tradicional e vários estudos têm mostrado a presença de compostos químicos e potenciais fitoterapêuticos dessa planta. O objetivo foi avaliar a genotoxicidade do extrato de H. impetiginosus e do lapachol (LAP), um dos principais compostos encontrados nessa planta, usando o ensaio do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. Grupos experimentais constituídos de camundongos machos e fêmeas Swiss albinus (Unib: SW) foram avaliados após 24-48h (HI) e 24h (LAP) de tratamento com Ciclofosfamida (CICLO; 50 mg.Kg-1), NaCl (150 mM), HI (0,5; 1; 2 g.Kg-1), LAP (0,075; 0,15; 0,30 g.Kg-1). As análises de MNPCEs do grupo tratado com HI mostraram diferenças (p  0,05) entre todas as doses de tratamento (500–2.000 mg.Kg-1) e controle negativo (NaCl). As proporções PCE/NCEapresentaram diferenças significativas (p  0,05) entre as doses de HI (500–2.000 mg.Kg-1) ou controle negativo (NaCl), frente ao controle positivo ciclofosfamida (50 mg.Kg-1).Os resultados sugeremum efeito potencialmente genóxico dependente da dose (2.000 mg.Kg-1) e levemente genotóxico nas demais doses (500–1.000 mg.Kg-1) do extrato de HI, independentemente do tempo de tratamento (24 e 48 h) e do sexo (macho e fêmea), e ausência de toxicidade sistêmica do HI dose, sexo e tempo-independente. Contudo, as análises de MNPCEs do grupo tratado com LAP apresentaram diferenças significativas (p  0,05) entre a dose de tratamento (300 mg.Kg-1) e controle negativo (NaCl), jáas proporções PCE/NCEapresentaram diferenças significativas (p  0,05) entre as doses de LAP (75–300 mg.Kg-1) ou controle negativo (NaCl), frente ao controle positivo ciclofosfamida (50 mg.Kg-1), sugerindopresença de genotoxicidade do LAP, dependentemente da dose de administração fitoterapêutica (300 mg.Kg-1), mas independente do tempo de tratamento (24 e 48 h), e sexo (macho e fêmea), e ausência de toxicidade sistêmica do LAP nas condições do ensaio MN, dose, sexo e tempo-independente.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-07-20T17:28:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ernesto Stangueti.pdf: 896090 bytes, checksum: bf6900280e54b4847ee7b0f318f12749 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T17:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ernesto Stangueti.pdf: 896090 bytes, checksum: bf6900280e54b4847ee7b0f318f12749 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28 / Government agencies, in Brazil and in developed countries, have established guidelines for water safety in the community, in particular in the health care of immunocompromised pacients, in this case environments hospitals that receive such patients should provide higher standards for water quality by taking immediate action to prevent waterborne infections. This paper aims to assess how hospitals that perform bone marrow transplantation (BMT) manage the critical success factors in the prevention of water contamination of their patients and extract from these assessments a model of management of hospital logistics in relation to administrative processes needed for effective control of such infection. To this end, it was chosen a case study. The interviews were conducted with professional members of Commissions Infection Control in four hospitals located in São Paulo who perform BMT. The data were analyzed using the methodology of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) described by Lefèvre & Lefèvre (2003). The main management practices related to water contamination were: cleaning and disinfection of water tanks and bacteriological control, installation of filters for high power filtering at the point of use (taps and showers), supply of mineral water industrialized for consumption of patients of BMT unit, institution management committee comprising representatives from all areas involved in the operations of the BMT unit. Thus, this work contributes to technological and social practice through the development of a model of hospital logistics management, collaborating in preventing Related Infections at Health Care (IRAS) in units of BMT. / As agências governamentais, no Brasil e nos países desenvolvidos, têm estabelecido diretrizes para a segurança da água na comunidade, em específico nos ambientes de atendimento à saúde de pessoas imunocomprometidas, no caso, os hospitais que cuidam de tais pacientes devem fornecer padrões mais elevados para a qualidade da água tomando medidas imediatas na prevenção de infecções transmitidas pela água. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, avaliar a forma como os hospitais que realizam transplante de medula óssea (TMO) gerenciam os fatores críticos de sucesso na prevenção da contaminação hídrica de seus pacientes e extrair dessas avaliações um modelo de gestão de logística hospitalar em relação aos processos administrativos, necessários ao efetivo controle desse tipo de contaminação. Para tanto, optou-se pela estratégia de pesquisa de estudo de caso, com a realização de entrevistas junto a profissionais membros de Comissões de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar em quatro hospitais localizados no Município de São Paulo e que realizam TMO. As informações coletadas foram analisadas através da metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), baseado em Lefèvre & Lefèvre, (2003). Foram elencadas as principais práticas de gestão desses hospitais em relação à contaminação hídrica, sendo: limpeza e desinfecção de reservatórios de água e controle bacteriológico, instalação de filtros de alto poder de filtragem nos pontos de uso (torneiras e chuveiros), fornecimento de água mineral industrializada para consumo dos pacientes da unidade de TMO, instituição de comissão de gestão composta por representantes de todas as áreas envolvidas na manutenção das atividades da unidade de TMO. Dessa forma, este trabalho contribui com a prática tecnológica e social, através da estruturação de um modelo de gestão de logística hospitalar, colaborando na prevenção das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) em unidades de TMO.