The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate how FMCG companies respect the personality of the brand during promotion on social networks, and whether it is consistent with their communication in other types of media. The partial aim is to assess how opinions of marketing experts are different. The theoretical part is prepared on the basis of secondary sources of information, especially professional publications. The practical part summarizes the findings from quantitative content analysis and expert interviews with employees of companies. Based on these interviews a summary and suggested possible improvements is in the conclusion of the thesis.

Globally, the market for green products and services is worth billions of dollars and is growing year on year at an increasing rate. The following study investigated the congruence between brand image and brand identity within the green marketing space, focusing specifically on Pick ‘n Pay’s Green Line of environmentally friendly household cleaning products.Through interviewing Pick ‘n Pay’s brand manager for their Green Line and one hundred shoppers at Pick ‘n Pay’s on Nicol store in Bryanston, Johannesburg, South Africa, the brand identity and brand image were both respectively characterised. Data was also gathered from the shoppers to allow the brand loyalty and brand equity generated to be determined.This research identified that for Pick ‘n Pay’s Green Line to generate positive brand loyalty and brand equity:<ul><li> A strong alignment between brand image and brand identity must be achieved;</li><li> There must be a strong believability of the green claims made; and</li><li> The credibility (trustworthiness) of the green claims must be sound.</il></ul>A model designed specifically to illustrate and summarise the findings of the research is later presented with the aim of providing brand managers who oversee products with green credentials a quick and simple guide to ensure all is being done to ensure that brand loyalty and brand equity for their products may be maximized. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

El tema de la presente investigación se centra en el desarrollo de identidad de marca en los festivales musicales en Lima metropolitana en relación a la intensión de compra de estos. Para poder analizar dicha relación se descompuso la identidad de marca en 3 indicadores: Credibilidad, confianza e Imagen. Así mismo, para medir esta correlación se realizaron entrevistas a expertos y a usuarios, pero también se realizó un estudio cualitativo que se apalanco en 250 encuestas digitales al público objetivo. Es necesario mencionar que este estudio se inició antes de la pandemia del covid-19, por lo cual la etapa cualitativa de la investigación se realizó de manera digital. Así mismo, la discusión final incluye un nuevo panorama virtual, pues es una nueva tendencia en este rubro. Este estudio permitirá a las productoras y a sus stakeholders tener un panorama más claro de lo que es relevante para el consumidor y, además, en cómo se podrían afinar las estrategias para pasar de ser un festival musical a una experiencia atractiva para el cliente. / The subject of this research focuses on the development of brand identity in music festivals in metropolitan Lima in relation to the intention of buying them. In order to analyze this relationship, the brand identity was broken down into 3 indicators: Credibility, trust and Image. Likewise, to measure this correlation, interviews were conducted with experts and users, but a qualitative study was also carried out, which was leveraged in 250 digital surveys of the target audience. It is necessary to mention that this study began before the covid-19 pandemic, therefore the qualitative stage of the research was carried out digitally. Likewise, the final discussion includes a new virtual panorama, as it is a new trend in this area. This study will allow producers and their stakeholders to have a clearer picture of what is relevant to the consumer and, furthermore, how strategies could be refined to go from being a music festival to an attractive experience for the client. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las marcas blancas y los diferentes factores que esta involucra tanto en los puntos de venta como también en los consumidores de las mismas. La investigación se realizó en los diferentes supermercados de la ciudad de Lima, en donde se analizaron las variables más significativas como precio, promoción, packaging, ubicación en el estante y su comparación con las marcas fabricantes. Asimismo, la problemática en investigación es la competencia entre las marcas blancas y marcas fabricantes en el mercado, ya que éstas son las dueñas del espacio y tienen el control sobre las marcas de supermercado. / The objective of this study is to analyze white labels and the different factors that it involves both at the points of sale and also at the consumers of the same. The research was carried out in the different supermarkets in the city of Lima, where the most significant variables such as price, promotion, packaging, location on the shelf and their comparison with manufacturer brands were analyzed. Likewise, the research problem is competition between private labels and manufacturer brands in the market, since they are the owners of the space and have control over the supermarket brands. / Trabajo de investigación

Las acciones del social media se componen por 5 factores que son entretenimiento, personalización, tendencia, interacción y eWOM los cuales, se quiere comprobar si afectan directa o indirectamente con el engagement de las marcas. Es por esta razón que muchas marcas emplean diversas estrategias a través de sus redes sociales para atraer a su público objetivo. Por un lado, se sabe que hoy en día se vive de una era totalmente digitalizada, donde las mamás millenials componen un gran porcentaje de la población a estudiar . Es por ello, que la industria textil ha puesto su enfoque en ellas, ya que estos tienen la necesidad de comunicarse digitalmente. Con toda esta información, se busca profundizar la comprensión de la relación entre las acciones del social media y el engagement. Esta investigación se realizará mediante encuestas, las cuales se emplearán a un mínimo de 400 mamás jóvenes millennials de 25 a 35 años. Las hipótesis serán validadas a través de un estudio correlacional y bivariado y los resultados se determinarán viendo que tan debil o fuerte es la correlación entre las diferentes variables. / The actions of social media are made up of 5 factors that are entertainment, personalization, trend, interaction and eWOM which, we want to see if they directly or indirectly affect the engagement of brands. It is for this reason that many brands use various strategies through their social networks to attract their target audience. On the one hand, it is known that today we live in a fully digitized era, where millennial moms make up a large percentage of the population to study. That is why the textile industry has focused on them, since they have a need to communicate digitally. With all this information, we seek to deepen the understanding of the relationship between social media actions and engagement. This research will be conducted through surveys, which will employ a minimum of 400 young millennial moms between the ages of 25 and 35. The hypotheses will be validated through a correlational and bivariate study and the results will be determined by seeing how weak or strong the correlation is between the different variables. / Trabajo de investigación

På senare tid har det skett en förändring i hur marknadsförare använder känslor i reklamfilmer för att skapa band mellan konsumenter och företag, det som kallas för emotionell marknadsföring. Den här studien ämnar att undersöka hur emotionell marknadsföring har använts av två ledande elbilstillverkare i Sverige, Volvo och Kia, i företagens tv-reklam. Dessutom ville forskarna förstå vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att skapa känslomässiga band mellan konsumenter och företag. En semiotisk analys av reklamfilmerna samt fokusgruppsdiskussioner har gjorts för att förstå hur potentiella konsumenter reagerar på reklamfilmer. Resultatet av studien visade att den mentala bild som konsumenter hade av respektive varumärke (brand image) stämmer överens med hur Volvo ville kommunicera sitt varumärke (brand identity), men inte med hur Kia ville porträttera sig själva. Slutsatsen av studien mynnar ut i vikten av att kommunicera företagets kärnvärden i reklamfilmerna, och att uttrycka dem genom känslor.

In the competitive atmosphere of today's business world, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become yet another factor organizations use to distinguish themselves and make their values apparent to their audiences. Social media have helped organizations communicate these characteristics with their audiences by enabling timely and cost-effective communication between individuals and organizations. While many studies have explored the role of social media in communicating CSR messages, few studies have focused on the social transformational cues that visual elements of these tools offer organizations in terms of communicating their socially responsible activity. Through a content analysis of social media posts by both the Reputation Institute's 20 most responsible companies and the institute's top 20 Fortune 500 companies, this study explored the ways in which organizations communicate their CSR activities over a three-month period. The analysis examined companies' CSR initiatives through their text and image posts on Instagram and Twitter, as well as how socially responsible companies express brand personality using these social media sites. Furthermore, this study compared organizations' use of image, text, and text-only based social media posts, as well as their use of image-power strategies. This study also contributed to existing work on CSR in social media by examining trends in the social media strategies of the most responsible and highest earning organizations in terms of how they communicate cues related to CSR. / Master of Arts

The video game industry is a rapidly growing industry due to technology advancements andhas made video games to a mass phenomenon. The diffusion of today’s technologies has created and expanded the video game market, both demographical and geographical, which has attracted more customers and increased the intensity of the competition. Companies in the industry have to professionalize their marketing processes and business strategies in a moreflexible and quickly fashion than before to be able to stay competitive. An overcrowded market with thousands of products released every year creates problems for actors to get recognized. The purpose of this dissertation has been therefore to study small start-ups brand identity in its inception phase within the video game industry to assist their brand strategic approach and be able to strengthen their competitive advantage in a saturated market. The dissertation has adopted the corporate brand identity matrix framework by Urde (2013) and investigated the brand-driven elements in a start-up context; thus, the framework has only been applied incorporation-setting where the companies are large and known. Five indie game developers from northern Sweden participated in the study’s field research. The dissertation shows that the corporate brand identity matrix is adaptable for start-ups and are not dependent on the company size. Findings confirm early signs of brand identity and found correspondence between competence and value proposition, expression and personality and culture and relationship, which address interconnection between its brand-elements and its brand core. The unique findings where they all show signs of social engagements, passion and a fan-centric ambition of doing business and most of all everyone had a “community first” approach and were more inspired to deliver value to its customers rather than how they can achieve value for themselves. A concept model for start-ups in the inception phase of the video game industry has been made based on the empirical results of the study that can be adopted early in a company's start-up process and provide guidance and support for its future brand identity development to address the issues of discoverability.

Bakgrund: Corporate rebranding är ett relativt nytt fenomen som innebär att ett företag väljer att omdefiniera sitt varumärke på grund av förändringar inom företaget eller omgivningen. Men det är fortfarande relativt ostuderat och ingen studie behandlar den eventuella kopplingen med en dynamisk marknad. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse för hur fenomenet corporate rebranding fungerar inom en dynamisk marknad, där vi valt att utgå från telekombranschen som exempelmarknad. Metod: Studien har en hermeneutisk ansats med ett deduktivt angreppssätt för kopplingen mellan teori och empiri. Studien har vidare använt sig av en komparativ design med fallstudieinslag utifrån en kvalitativ strategi. Referensram: Referensramen består av teorier om dynamiska marknader som leder in till globalisering, lokalisering samt glokalisering. Därefter definieras varumärke med respektive underliggande teorier och avslutningsvis corporate rebranding. Slutsats: Den dynamiska marknaden har gett upphov till ett stort antal rebranding-processer inom branschen, där tre strategier för att hantera ett nytt globalt varumärke har identifierats. Slutligen har varumärkets roll inom branschen blivit av en mer dynamisk karaktär där syftet är att ha ett varumärke som är mest lämpat för de förändringar som skett inom såväl den interna som externa miljön. / Background: Corporate Rebranding is relatively new phenomenon where a firm decides to redefine their brand due to changes within the company or the environment. But the amount of literature on the subject is lacking, and so far no one has studied the potential connection to a high-velocity environment. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to create an understanding of how Corporate Rebranding interacts with a high-velocity market by using the telecommunications industry. Methodology: The study was a hermeneutic endeavour with a deductive approach in linking theory and empirical evidence. In addition, a comparative case study using qualitative methods was performed. Theory: This chapter consists of theories on dynamic markets as well as glocalization, localization and globalization. This is followed by a definition of branding and finally Corporate Rebranding. Conclusion: The high-velocity market has been the root of numerous cases of rebranding and we have identified three different strategies for handling the adaptation to a new global brand. Finally, the role of the brand within the market has taken on a more dynamic role, where the purpose is to create a brand better suited for the changes in the internal as well as the external environment.

The purpose of the study was to investigate how brands in the mass market use flagship stores - both from a marketing perspective and a brand perspective. We wanted to study if the brand identity affects whether a brand chooses to establish flagship stores or not. Through previous research, two different models focusing on marketing strategy and brand identity, as well as empirical material obtained from semistructured interviews, we have analyzed this. The method used was qualitative and the study was done with a cross-sectional design. The study included seven respondents, all of whom are store managers from flagship stores in Gothenburg.The results clearly show what role the brand identity has for a flagship store and what common features can be identified between the flagship stores in Gothenburg. Our study answers how flagship stores are used on the mass market, the important role of a good marketing strategy and states that a flagship store is a very useful method. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur varumärken på massmarknaden använder flaggskeppsbutiker - både ur ett marknadsföringsperspektiv och ett varumärkesperspektiv. Vi ville studera om varumärkesidentiteten påverkar huruvida ett varumärke väljer att etablera flaggskeppsbutiker. Genom tidigare forskning, två olika modeller med fokus på marknadsföringsstrategi och varumärkesidentitet samt empiriskt material inhämtat från semistrukturerade intervjuer, har vi analyserat detta. Metoden som användes var kvalitativ och studien gjordes med en tvärsnittsdesign. I studien deltog sju respondenter, varav alla är butikschefer från flaggskeppsbutiker i Göteborg.Resultaten visar tydligt vilken roll varumärkesidentiteten har för en flaggskeppsbutik och vilka gemensamma drag som kan tydas mellan de flaggskeppsbutiker som finns i Göteborg. Vår studie besvarar hur flaggskeppsbutiker används på massmarknaden, hur viktigt det är med en bra marknadsföringsstrategi, samt fastställer att en flaggskeppsbutik är en väl användbar metod för detta.