Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-111).

Ausdruck zielführender Gouvernementalität ist auch die verfassungsrechtlich umstrittene Neuordnung der Rundfunkbeiträge in Deutschland. Seit Jahresbeginn 2013 ist der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk bekanntlich eine an die Wohnung gekoppelte Zwangsabgabe der Bürgerinnen und Bürger („Fünfzehnter Rundfunkänderungsstaatsvertrag“). Zwangsfernsehen bedeutet nun nicht, dass man tatsächlich gezwungen wird, öffentlich-rechtliches Fernsehen zu sehen, sondern nur, dass man es bezahlen muss, auch wenn man es nicht sieht. Grund ist insbesondere der Bildungs- und Informationsauftrag des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks.

Ausdruck zielführender Gouvernementalität ist auch die verfassungsrechtlich umstrittene Neuordnung der Rundfunkbeiträge in Deutschland. Seit Jahresbeginn 2013 ist der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk bekanntlich eine an die Wohnung gekoppelte Zwangsabgabe der Bürgerinnen und Bürger („Fünfzehnter Rundfunkänderungsstaatsvertrag“). Zwangsfernsehen bedeutet nun nicht, dass man tatsächlich gezwungen wird, öffentlich-rechtliches Fernsehen zu sehen, sondern nur, dass man es bezahlen muss, auch wenn man es nicht sieht. Grund ist insbesondere der Bildungs- und Informationsauftrag des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks.

<p>This thesis describes the design and implementation of a Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) System developed using C++ Language and SystemC libraries. The main aspects covered within this report are the data structure of DAB system, and some interesting points of SystemC Library very useful for the implementation of the final system. </p><p>It starts with a introduction of DAB system and his principals advantages. Next it goes further into the definition of data structures of DAB, they are FIC, MSC, and DAB audio frame, explained with MPEG and PAD packets. Later on this chapter there is an explanation of the SystemC library with special attention on the features that I used to implement the system. This features are the events used in the communication between processes and the interfaces needed for sending and receiving the data.</p><p>With all these points covered is quite easy for a reader to understand the implementation of the system, despite this point is covered in the last chapter of the thesis. The implementation is here explained in two different steps. The first one explain how is formed the DAB audio frame by means of MPEG frames that are wrote in channel by producer interface, this frames are readed by consumer interface. For this purpose I have created some classes and structures that are explained in this part. The second part explain how I obtain the DAB transmission frame which is obtained creating MSC frames, that are big data structures formed by groups of DAB audio frames, therefore there are some functions that act like a buffer and add audio frames to the MSC data structure. Of independent way there is the FIC frame that is generated of random way and its added to the transmission frame.</p>

This thesis describes the design and implementation of a Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) System developed using C++ Language and SystemC libraries. The main aspects covered within this report are the data structure of DAB system, and some interesting points of SystemC Library very useful for the implementation of the final system. It starts with a introduction of DAB system and his principals advantages. Next it goes further into the definition of data structures of DAB, they are FIC, MSC, and DAB audio frame, explained with MPEG and PAD packets. Later on this chapter there is an explanation of the SystemC library with special attention on the features that I used to implement the system. This features are the events used in the communication between processes and the interfaces needed for sending and receiving the data. With all these points covered is quite easy for a reader to understand the implementation of the system, despite this point is covered in the last chapter of the thesis. The implementation is here explained in two different steps. The first one explain how is formed the DAB audio frame by means of MPEG frames that are wrote in channel by producer interface, this frames are readed by consumer interface. For this purpose I have created some classes and structures that are explained in this part. The second part explain how I obtain the DAB transmission frame which is obtained creating MSC frames, that are big data structures formed by groups of DAB audio frames, therefore there are some functions that act like a buffer and add audio frames to the MSC data structure. Of independent way there is the FIC frame that is generated of random way and its added to the transmission frame.

人民有言論、著作、出版、講學自由之權利，係由我國憲法第十一條所明文保障。而依照相關大法官解釋與學說，言論自由之意涵尚可包含廣電自由、通訊傳播自由與新聞自由。由以上的討論可以知道，我國大法官於第十一條言論自由的內涵中，試圖加入給予廣電媒體更多保障的特別性質基本權。本研究在綜合歷來大法官解釋與學者之見解，認為可將其對於廣電媒體的期待整理為一個上位的媒體自由之概念，而使廣電媒體有其獨立發展的空間。但所謂的媒體自由，並不能影響人民基本言論自由、傳播權及公民權之行使。 面對日趨複雜的廣電媒體問題，近年來解除管制已經成為一種世界性的潮流，其主要原因就在於對於言論自由的尊重，以及將其視為一個市場：政府的管制除了可能不當限制言論自由之外，更容易破壞市場的秩序。但學者指出，廣電市場與一般經濟學所認知的市場有性質上的不同，且若任由廣電媒體發展，將使得部份的人民無法享有合理的傳播權利。 為了解決此一爭議，學者有認為政府有憲法上管制廣電媒體的正當性。而如前所述，媒體自由並不能夠影響言論自由與公民權的行使，因此政府有義務落實上述的人民權利。至於落實的方法，便是對商業媒體進行更加嚴格的管制，而有效的保障少數人民。 惟上述市場論、管制論等方式皆有缺陷存在，本研究認為，較好的方式，應是以折衷的方法建立雙元的廣電體系，使商業電台與公廣集團各自擁有相當的組織，並且採取「不對稱的管制方式」。但要成立一個如此龐大的公廣集團，在應然性與憲法上都有必須解決的問題。於應然性上，在數位匯流的今天，公共電視可以藉由網路影音的方式而不受時間、頻道的限制成立公視二台甚至三台，是否有必要成為龐大的集團？若要成立此一龐大的公廣集團，首先遇到的將是應如何組織公廣集團，滿足我們對公共電視的想像？ 其次，建立理想的公廣集團，是否有憲法上之限制？首先遇到的，將是在滿足傳播多樣性下的憲法問題，例如為了落實原住民文化或女性主義，公共電視要求某單位應優先錄取原住民或女性，以增進節目製作的多元化，此種積極平權措施（Affirmative Actions）是否有憲法上的問題？其次，則是擴大公廣集團後，應如何處理過多的商業電台，此將涉及憲法上廣電自由、財產權等問題的實踐。 綜上所述，本文從傳播政策切入，並為其尋得憲法上之基礎，使國家有義務採取合理的雙元廣電體系，而落實人民的言論自由與平等公民權，進而與廣電媒體的媒體自由做適度調和。 / The Article 11 of the Constitution guarantees the people’s freedom of speech, publication, writing and teaching. According to the view point of Grand Justices and scholars, the freedom of speech also contains freedom of opinion via radio or television broadcast media, freedom of communications, and freedom of press. From the above discussionwe can know that Grand Justices try to give the radio and television broadcast media much special nature of the constitutional right in the Article 11 of the Constitution. This study integrates the opinion of the interpretation and the scholars, and consider that the constitutional right of the radio and television broadcast media can be the superordinate concept- freedom of media to make it develop Independently. But the freedom of media can’t impede the people’s basic freedom of speech, communication right and citizenship. Facing the problems of the growing complex media, deregulation becomes the world trend in recent year. The main causes are the respect of freedom of speech, and the theory of marketplace: the regulation of the government may violate freedom of speech, and distort the order of the market. However, people point out that the media market is different from the economics market in the nature. Besides, if we indulgedmedia, some people didn’t have had reasonable communication right. For solving this controversial, The Scholars think that the government can regulate the media with Legitimacy in the Constitution. As mentioned earlier, the freedom of media can’t disturb people’s freedom of speech and citizenship, so the government has the duty to ensure the value. As to ensure that, the government must regulate the commercial media strictly and protect the minority in effect. However, the Market Doctrine or the Regulation Doctrine is not perfect. The better method that this study considers is constructing the dual media system eclectically to make the public as the same strong as the commercial and take the “unsymmetric regulation”. Many problems have existed in ought-to-be and constitution if we wanted to construction the Public Broadcasting System. In ought-to-be, should Public TV be a System in convergence which can be as PTV2, PTV3 by internet? How to construct TBS to satisfy with our imagination? Second, Does the constitution limit the desirable TBS? Like the Diversity in the constitution, for example, is it unconstitutional that TBS make affirmative actions for aborigine or women? Besides, how should we limit the commercial media in freedom of media and property? Above of all, this study find the conclusion that the government has to make reasonable dual media system to protect people’s freedom of speech and equal citizenship from the commercial media.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michael Alessandro Figueira Valim - 2015.pdf: 1201507 bytes, checksum: 3d4a9df7355cc5dc018b2693b4be0d3f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / This work is the result of research undertaken in the Programa de Pós- Graduação Interdisciplinar em Direitos Humanos da Universidade Federal de Goiás, master's level, and has as a research subject to Brazilian legislation on images and sound broadcasting and Public Policy for Human rights in Brazil. The overall objective of the research is to identify what are the regulatory provisions and recommendations of the Brazilian legislation for the operation of television stations that integrate the system of public broadcasting of images and sounds. In this sense the research seeks to answer the following questions: What are the normative legal provisions and present recommendations on the Brazilian legislation on broadcasting and the Public Policies for Human Rights in Brazil to operate the stations that make up the public broadcasting system sounds and projected images in Article 223 of the Federal Constitution of 1988? These regulations and recommendations are focused on the communication security as a fundamental human right and the defense and promotion of human rights in Brazil in the field of broadcasting? To answer such questions, the work will hold: 1) an analysis of the legislation on broadcasting images and sounds that comprise the laws and decrees promulgated on the broadcasting of images and sounds between the years 1931 and 2014; and 2) an analysis of Public Policies for Human Rights in Brazil, which will deal with the National Human Rights Plans 1996, 2002 and 2009, the World Programme of Education for Human Rights of 2005 and the National Plan of Education on Human Rights 2007. Before that, in order to support the above-mentioned analysis, the study will conduct a literature review of authors from different fields of knowledge with the specific objectives of: 1) understand the communication as a fundamental condition for ensuring the dignity and human rights from the concept of law in other authors as Arendt, Lyotard, Chauí, Ruiz Santos, among others; and 2) understand the communication as the foundation of social and an essential human right today and the role of mass media, especially television, from systems thinking thought Niklas Luhmann. Thus, the study aims to contribute to the interdisciplinary field of studies and research on Human Rights to seek to reflect on the important role that public television can and should play in ensuring communication and information as a human right and the promotion and defense of rights humans in Brazil. / O presente trabalho é resultado de pesquisa empreendida no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Direitos Humanos da Universidade Federal de Goiás, nível mestrado, e tem como objeto de pesquisa a legislação brasileira sobre radiodifusão de imagens e sons e as Políticas Públicas para os Direitos Humanos no Brasil. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é o de identificar quais são as disposições normativas e recomendações da legislação brasileira para a atuação das emissoras de televisão que integram o sistema público de radiodifusão de imagens e sons. Nesse sentido a pesquisa procura responder as seguintes questões: quais são as disposições normativas e recomendações legais presentes na legislação brasileira sobre radiodifusão e nas Políticas Públicas para os Direitos Humanos no Brasil para atuação das emissoras que compõem o sistema público de radiodifusão de sons e imagens previsto no Artigo 223 da Constituição Federal de 1988? Essas normativas e recomendações estão voltadas para a garantia da comunicação como um direito humano fundamental e para a defesa e promoção dos direitos humanos no Brasil no campo da radiodifusão? Para responder a tais questões, o trabalho realizará: 1) uma análise da legislação sobre radiodifusão de imagens e sons que compreenderá as leis e decretos promulgados sobre a radiodifusão de imagens e sons entre os anos de 1931 e 2014; e 2) uma análise das Políticas Públicas para os Direitos Humanos no Brasil que abarcará os Planos Nacionais de Direitos Humanos de 1996, 2002 e 2009, o Programa Mundial de Educação para os Direitos Humanos de 2005 e o Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos de 2007. Antes, porém, a fim de subsidiar as análises acima citadas, o estudo realizará uma revisão bibliográfica de autores de diferentes campos do conhecimento com os objetivos específicos de: 1) entender a comunicação como condição fundamental para a garantia da dignidade e dos direitos humanos a partir do conceito de direito do outro em autores como: Arendt, Lyotard, Chauí, Ruiz, Santos, entre outros; e 2) entender a comunicação como fundamento do social e um direito humano essencial na atualidade, bem como a função dos meios de comunicação de massa, em especial da televisão, a partir do pensamento sistêmico de pensamento de Niklas Luhmann. Desse modo, o estudo visa contribuir para o campo interdisciplinar dos estudos e pesquisas em Direitos Humanos ao procurar refletir sobre o importante papel que a televisão pública pode e deve desempenhar na garantia da comunicação e informação como um direito humano e na promoção e defesa dos direitos humanos no Brasil.