The thesis Czech Television and Youth Audience focuses on whether Czech Television as a public service broadcaster in the Czech Republic produces enough programmes targeted at teen audience. The aim of the study is to consider if a television as a platform for watching audio-visual content is still appealing for pubescents or whether they rather choose the Internet. Furthermore, I describe the ways by which other European public service broadcasters attract young audience and make a suggestion to improve the situation.

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The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) has been a force on Canadian airwaves for nearly a century. Within that timeframe, kilometres of textual records and thousands of hours of audiovisual recordings have been produced. Those records are evidence of the CBC’s role in mirroring and developing Canada’s national consciousness. Yet, the CBC’s records are scattered throughout Canada in multiple archival institutions. This thesis analyzes the development of these archives, with special attention to the only repository the CBC links to on its “Resources and Archives” webpage: The CBC Digital Archives. With consideration of the challenges and opportunities presented by digital culture, this thesis aims to uncover the role of the CBC Digital Archives within CBC’s archival landscape and its wider broadcasting policies and mandate. / May 2017

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Media Studies, 2017 / On the 12th of February 2015, in an unprecedented move, members of the media in South Africa (SA) protested in Parliament and chanted “bring back the signal”, waving their smartphones in the air after discovering that a signal jamming device had been activated to disrupt cell phone signals in the National Assembly. Their protest denied President Jacob Zuma the opportunity to deliver his State of the Nation Address (SONA) until the signal and connection to the internet had been restored. It was the first time in the History of democratic SA the SONA was disrupted. The presence as well as the rapid spread and use of new media technologies in the SA mediascape has led scholars like Yu-Shan Wu to question the nature of their use and impact on government policy decisions. This study contributes to such work as well as long standing debates about the role of new media technologies in advancing democratic ideals in emerging democracies and the internet’s role as a public sphere. It does this by using a case study research method focusing on SONA 2015 to evaluate whether the South African digital space constitutes a digital public sphere. This paper concludes that indeed the South African digital space does constitute a form of digital public sphere. This sphere is largely operated and structured by news media organisations that use their websites, social media and various online platforms to engender it. / XL2018

鄭鏡明. / 稿本(電腦打印本). / 論文(新聞與傳播學部哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1990. / 附參考文獻. / Zheng Jingming. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1-8 / Chapter 一´′一 --- 研究動機 / Chapter 一´′一´′一 --- 香港電台地位的轉變 / Chapter 一´′一´′二 --- BBC模式：『長期的夢想』？ / Chapter 一´′二 --- 英國的『非殖民地化』政策與BBC模式 --- p.9-15 / Chapter 一´′二´′一 --- BBC模式 / Chapter 一´′二´′二 --- BBC模式的移殖 / Chapter 一´′二´′三 --- BBC模式：一些疑問 / Chapter 一´′三 --- 研究方法 --- p.13-16 / Chapter 一´′三´′一 --- 以往研究不足之處 / Chapter 一´′三´′二 --- 比較研究：廣播制度及其他 / Chapter 一´′三´′三 --- 資料搜集 / Chapter 一´′三´′四 --- 抽樣分析 / Chapter 一´′四 --- 本論文各章主要內容 --- p.16-17 / <第一章附圖> / Chapter <附圖一´′一> ： --- 香港電臺地位的轉變 --- p.2 / Chapter <附圖一´′二> ： --- 香港政府可以影响獨立後香港電台的途徑 --- p.7 / <第一章註釋> --- p.19-20 / Chapter 第二章 --- 英國殖民地廣播政策與BBC模式之移殖 / Chapter 二´′一 --- 殖民地廣播媒介之誕生與發展 --- p.21-25 / Chapter 二´′一´′一 --- 宗主國引進廣播媒介的目的 / Chapter 二´′一´′二 --- 第二次世界大戰對於殖民地廣播媒介的影响 / Chapter 二´′二 --- 英國殖民地廣播政策 --- p.25-27 / Chapter 二´′二´′一 --- 《普里茅斯報告書》 / Chapter 二´′二´′二 --- 廣播政策：因地制宜 / Chapter 二´′三 --- BBC模式之移殖 --- p.28-32 / Chapter 二´′三´′一 --- 採用BBC模式的第三世界國家 / Chapter 二´′三´′二 --- 移殖BBC模式的動機 / Chapter 二´′三´′二´′一 --- 「陰謀理論」 / Chapter 二´′三´′二´′二 --- 「沒有更佳的選擇」 / <第二章附表> / Chapter < 表二´′一> ： --- 英國殖民地在戰前設有電台的名單 --- p.23 / Chapter < 表二´′二> ： --- 英國殖民地在一九四零至五零年設立電台的名單 --- p.24 / Chapter <表二´′三> ： --- 採用 「英國廣播制度」的國家 --- p.28 / <第二章註釋> --- p.33 / Chapter 第三章 --- 前英國殖民地國家與BBC模式─過去與現在 / Chapter 三´′一 --- 說明 --- p.33-34 / Chapter 三´′一´′一 --- 目的 / Chapter 三´′一´′二 --- 研究範圍 / Chapter 三´′二 --- 曾移殖或仍採用BBC模式的國家 --- p.34-38 / Chapter 三´′二´′一 --- 「曾移殖」BBC模式的國家 / Chapter 三´′二´′二 --- 「曾移殖及採用」BBC模式的國家 / Chapter 三´′二´′三 --- 小結 / Chapter 三´′三 --- 其他前英國殖民地國家 --- p.40-43 / Chapter 三´′三´′一 --- 亞洲：印度、斯里蘭卡、新加坡 / Chapter 三´′三´′二 --- 南美洲：圭亞那 / Chapter 三´′三´′三 --- 加勒比海地區：牙買加 / Chapter 三´′三´′四 --- 小結 / Chapter 三´′四 --- 一些值得商榷及有待深入研究的問題 --- p.43-46 / <第三章附表> / Chapter <表三´′一> ： --- 學者認為曾移殖或仍採用BBC式的國家 --- p.34 / Chapter <表三´′二> ： --- 「曾移殖BBC模式」和 「情況不明」的國家 --- p.38 / Chapter <表三´′三> ： --- BBC模式移殖後的情況 --- p.39 / <第三章註釋> --- p.47 / Chapter 第四章 --- 非洲四國的BBC模式經驗´ؤ肯尼亞、尼日尼亞、坦桑尼亞和贊比亞 / Chapter 四´′一 --- 研究方法 --- p.48-49 / Chapter 四´′一´′一 --- 目的 / Chapter 四´′一´′二 --- 樣本 / Chapter 四´′一´′三 --- 研究方式和範圍 / Chapter 四´′一´′四 --- 資料 / Chapter 四´′二 --- BBC模式：為時短暫的移殖 --- p.49-55 / Chapter 四´′二´′一 --- 一種常見的現象 / Chapter 四´′二´′二 --- 「拋棄」BBC模式的原因 / Chapter 四´′三 --- 由殖民地到建國：極權政治的形成 --- p.55-67 / Chapter 四´′三´′一 --- 四個前英國非洲殖民地 / Chapter 四´′三´′二 --- 非洲民族主義的興起 / Chapter 四´′三´′三 --- 英國的「非殖民地化」政策 / Chapter 四´′三´′四 --- 由多黨政治到極權政治 / Chapter 四´′三´′四´′一 --- 選舉政治的因素 / Chapter 四´′三´′四´′二 --- 部族政治的因素 / Chapter 四´′四 --- 四個在獨立前、後的社會狀況 --- p.68-84 / Chapter 四´′四´′一 --- 經濟狀況 / Chapter 四´′四´′二 --- 教育狀況 / Chapter 四´′四´′三 --- 大眾傳播媒介狀況 / Chapter 四´′四´′四 --- 比較四個社會狀況 / Chapter 四´′五 --- 極權政治與傳播媒介的關係 --- p.84-90 / Chapter 四´′五´′一 --- 政治權力結構的轉變與BBC模式的移殖 / Chapter 四´′五´′二 --- 廣播媒介的新聞自由 / Chapter 四´′五´′三 --- 廣播媒介的控制權、經營權和經濟來源 / Chapter 四´′六 --- BBC模式在四個移殖失敗的經驗 / <第四章附表> / Chapter <表四´′一> ： --- 比較四國的BBC模式存在時間 / Chapter <表四´′二> ： --- 四個廣播機構的名稱及性質 / Chapter <表四´′三> ： --- 四國曾受英國統治時期及正式獨立年份 / Chapter <表四´′四> ： --- 四個殖民地獨立前的主要政黨 / Chapter <表四´′五> ： --- 殖民地出現選舉政治的重要年份 / Chapter <表四´′六> ： --- 殖民地選舉結果與獨立後採用的政治制度 / Chapter <表四´′七> ： --- 四國主要部族名稱及所佔人口的百分比 / Chapter <表四´′八> ： --- 比較四國在獨立前、後國內生產總值主要部份的增長率（百分比） / Chapter <表四´′九> ： --- 比較四國在獨立前、後出口、入口貿易平衡總額（1960，1964，1965，1966） / Chapter <表四´′十> ： --- 比較四國獨立前、後官方儲備 / Chapter <表四´′十一>： --- 比較四國在獨立前、後的國家收入 / Chapter <表四´′十二>： --- 比較四個年均通賬率（1965´ؤ86年） / Chapter <表四´′十三>： --- 比較四國的失業率 （1960´ؤ65年） / Chapter <表四´′十四>： --- 比較四國的國民識字率（1950年代與1963年） / Chapter <表四´′十五>： --- 比較四國的註冊大學生人數（1959─65 年） / Chapter <表四´′十六>： --- 比較四國在獨立前、後每千人平均有報紙份數（1955 ´ؤ69年） / Chapter <表四´′十七>： --- 比較四國在獨立前、後的報紙種類（1965´ؤ69年） / Chapter <表四´′十八>： --- 比較四國平均每千人有收音機架次（1956´ؤ65年） / Chapter <表四´′十九>： --- 比較四國平均每千人有電視機架次（1960´ؤ69年） / Chapter <表四´′二十>： --- BBC模式與非殖民地化的關係 / Chapter <表四´′二十一>： --- 比較四國在一九八零年代廣播媒介享有的新聞自由程度 / Chapter 第五章 --- 新加坡：「非殖民地化」與廣播模式─沒有移殖BBC模式的原因 / Chapter 五´′一 --- 選擇新加坡作研究對象的原因 --- p.92-94 / Chapter 五´′一´′一 --- 新加坡與香港相近之處 / Chapter 五´′一´′二 --- 研究範圍 / Chapter 五´′二 --- 新加坡的建國歷程 --- p.94-98 / Chapter 五´′二´′一 --- 英國的「非殖民地化」政策：自治之路 / Chapter 五´′二´′二 --- 新、馬合併與分裂：獨立之路 / Chapter 五´′三 --- 新加坡「非殖民地化」階段的政黨政治 --- p.98-103 / Chapter 五´′三´′一 --- 左傾思潮澎湃下的政黨政治 / Chapter 五´′三´′二 --- 行動黨：「非共派」與「親共派」的鬥爭 / Chapter 五´′四 --- 新加坡的生存危機及行動黨的對策 --- p.103-114 / Chapter 五´′四´′一 --- 政治危機 / Chapter 五´′四´′一´′一 --- 內憂 / Chapter 五´′四´′一´′二 --- 外患 / Chapter 五´′四´′二 --- 經濟危機 / Chapter 五´′四´′三 --- 人口壓力 / Chapter 五´′五 --- 新加坡獨立前、後的大眾傳播事業 --- p.114-118 / Chapter 五´′五´′一 --- 報業發展概況 / Chapter 五´′五´′二 --- 廣播業發展概況 / Chapter 五´′六 --- 新加坡的政治權力結構及其對大眾傳播媒介的影响 --- p.118-126 / Chapter 五´′六´′一 --- 行動黨長期一黨獨大 / Chapter 五´′六´′二 --- 對報業的控制 / Chapter 五´′六´′三 --- 對廣播業的控制 / Chapter 五´′六´′四 --- 新聞自由：批評和反批評 / Chapter 五´′七 --- 非殖民地化與廣播模式 --- p.126-130 / Chapter 五´′七´′一 --- 新加坡的經驗 / Chapter 五´′七´′二 --- 對香港的啟示 / <第五章附表> / Chapter <表五´′一>： --- 新加坡立法議會選舉的重要變化 --- p.101 / Chapter <表五´′二>： --- 新加坡一九六零年代每年轉口貿易總額（1960-69年）及常年增長率 --- p.107 / Chapter <表五´′三>： --- 新加坡一九六零年代國內生產總值、人均國內生產總值及常年增長率（1960-69年） --- p.108 / Chapter <表五´′四>： --- 新加坡一九六零年代失業人數及所佔勞動人口的百比（1960-69年） --- p.109 / Chapter <表五´′五>： --- 新加坡一九六零年代罷工次數及所損失工作日數（1960-69年） --- p.111 / Chapter <表五´′六>： --- 新加坡一九六零年代人口總額及增長率 --- p.113 / Chapter <表五´′七>： --- 新加坡報紙數目、每日平均總銷數及每千人平均份數（1957-67年） --- p.116 / Chapter <表五´′八>： --- 新加坡平均每千人有收音機及電視機執照的數目（1957-67年） --- p.119 / <第五章註釋> --- p.131 / Chapter 第六章 --- 香港「非殖民地化」與BBC模式 / Chapter 六´′一 --- 「非殖民地化」：進退維谷的困局 --- p.132-143 / Chapter 六´′一´′一 --- 「非殖民地化」的動力 / Chapter 六´′一´′二 --- 憲政結構的突變 / Chapter 六´′一´′三 --- 政制改革的步伐 / Chapter 六´′二 --- 香港電台與「非殖民地化」 --- p.143-152 / Chapter 六´′二´′一 --- 香港電台發展簡史 / Chapter 六´′二´′二 --- 「獨而不立」的模式 / Chapter 六´′三 --- 移殖BBC模式的制約因素 --- p.152-163 / Chapter 六´′三´′一 --- 香港：與別不同的「非殖民地化」 / Chapter 六´′三´′二 --- 「中國因素」：「依附性」與「自主性」 / Chapter 六´′四 --- 小結：獨特的「非殖民地化」進程 --- p.163-164 / <第六章附圖> / Chapter <圖六´′一>： --- 香港殖民地政治結構 --- p.136 / <第六章附表> --- p.139 / Chapter <表六´′一>： --- 區議會、市政局和區域市政局選舉年份 --- p.157 / Chapter <表六´′二>： --- 香港在一九八零年代的本地生產總值、人均本地生產總值及常年增長率 --- p.165 / <第六章註釋> / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論與討論 / Chapter 七´′一 --- 英國『非殖民地化』政策與BBC模式 --- p.166-168 / Chapter 七´′一´′一 --- 英國殖民地廣播政策 / Chapter 七´′一´′二 --- 為何要移殖BBC模式 / Chapter 七´′二 --- 研究發現 --- p.168-175 / Chapter 七´′二´′一 --- 曾在『非殖民地化』階段移殖BBC模式的國家及移殖的步驟 / Chapter 七´′二´′二 --- BBC模式為什麼會 『夭折』？ / Chapter 七´′二´′三 --- 四個非洲國家的經驗 / Chapter 七´′二´′四 --- 新加坡的經驗 / Chapter 七´′二´′五 --- 香港電台與BBC模式 / Chapter 七´′三 --- BBC模式：唯一的選擇？ --- p.173 / Chapter 七´′四 --- 本論文不足之處 --- p.174 / <附錄> / <附表> / Chapter <附表一>： --- 第二次世界大戰後獨立的殖民地名稱、獨立年份、前宗主國及引進廣播媒介的年份 / Chapter <附表二>： --- 個別前英國殖民地在戰前和戰後收音機數量及其增長率 / <附件> / Chapter <附件一>： --- 筆者致函各前英國殖民地國家駐香港辦事處副本 / Chapter <附件二>： --- 香港電台節目製作人員工會問卷調查結果（一九八九年） / Chapter <附件三>： --- 香港電台組織架構圖 / <中、英文參考書目> / <中文參考書目> --- p.1-9 / <英文參考書目> --- p.i-xii

Thesis (M.A. (Media Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / The purpose of this study was to investigate if there was any statistical significant difference in attitude towards Affirmative Action and job satisfaction of employees in the South African Broadcasting Corporation in Limpopo Province (SABC Limpopo Combo). The Attitude towards Affirmative Action Questionnaire (AAAQ) and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ) were distributed among employees/journalists (N=86) who were randomly selected. The results were analysed using the Chi-Square test and the t-test. The results revealed no statistical significant difference in attitudes towards Affirmative Action among employees or journalists and no significant relationship between attitudes towards Affirmative Action and job satisfaction. However, results revealed that senior employees/journalists were more satisfied than junior employees/journalists in (1) pay and benefits, and (2) job activities/work itself. Recommendations were made, which may be considered during the interpretation of organisational turnaround strategies and employment equity in workplaces or in the media.

This thesis combines histories of the implementation of ABC Online (the website of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australia's largest national Public Service Broadcaster) with the political philosophies of Foucault, and of Deleuze and Guattari. Following the Deleuzian argument that institutions of enclosure are in crisis because they exist in between diagrams of the disciplinary and control societies, the thesis tests each of the Foucauldian diagrams of discipline, governmentality and control against the ABC as Public Service Broadcaster. It explores issues such as which ABC strategies belong to which diagram, and the ways in which changes in communications technologies altered governing rationales of these diagrams at the ABC. The thesis uses the implementation of ABC Online to explore the idea of the ABC in the late 1990s as operating in between social diagrams. One way of examining this 'in between-ness' is to use the Public Service Broadcasting idea as an instance of arboreal thinking and the internet idea as rhizomic. The thesis employs that model to argue that Public Service Broadcasting as it is practised is not merely an arboreal assemblage, and that actual implementations of the internet are more than merely rhizomic assemblages. The thesis details some of the earliest relations between broadcasting and the internet at the ABC, and describes the relations between rhizomic and arboreal images of the ABC at particular sites and in various discourses. This examination concludes that both ways of imagining the ABC - the arboreal and the rhizomic - have been essential to the success of ABC Online. While the position of the ABC in between social diagrams caused a sense of crisis, ABC Online was in fact successful largely because of its position in between social diagrams. Not only was ABC Online remarkably successful in its first five years, but it was successful in ways which could not be accommodated in such documents as the ABC Charter. The public silences of ABC Online both allowed it to thrive, and conversely supported arboreal stratified ways of defending the ABC. Defences of the ABC that used arboreal thinking as a rhetorical strategy continued to dominate public discussion of the ABC, despite the successes of contrary examples in practice. One such example was the successful implementation of Radio Australia Online at a time when the Mansfield Review sought to limit the scope of the ABC to domestic free-to-air broadcasting. When some ABC Online practices were publicised in relation to the proposed Telstra deal, the resultant controversy concentrated on the non-commercial/commercial boundary at the ABC. The controversy also highlighted fears that the Online environment may alter the ethical relations between the ABC and its publics. In particular, the ethical goals of independence and integrity were perceived as being under threat in the World Wide Web environment. These goals were further problematised within the organisation by the demands of interactive subsites. These subsites demonstrated an altered ethical relation between the ABC and its user in the online environment of the control society.

Bibliography: leaves 537-555.

Today, the mass media is playing a key role in reinforcing globalisation, providing people with information that can make them more enlightened about the world. But apart from being an efficient tool for spreading information and a possible ”window on the world” the media can also produce preconceptions and create distance between people and places. This is a study on how African countries are portrayed in the Swedish Television news. The aim of the study is to describe, analyse and compare how Africa was described in 2003 and how it is described ten years later, in 2013. The analysis is based on foreign news reports in one of the main Swedish public service broadcasters, Sveriges Television (SVT). The theoretical framework primarily consists of theories on media logic and news values, representation, identification, globalisation and cosmopolitanism. One of the main conclusions is that although the amount of news on Africa has increased, the character of the news reports is still dominated by negative events such as wars, conflicts and suffering. Alongside this stereotypical and highly negative portrayal of Africa exists another story that focuses on economic development and success – An image that both brings new insights and creates new stereotypes.