No description available.

My thesis is mostly concerned with algebraic and combinatorial aspects of the theory of hyperplane arrangements. More specifically, I study the Orlik-Terao algebra of a hyperplane arrangement and the broken circuit complex of a matroid. The Orlik-Terao algebra is a useful tool for studying hyperplane arrangements, especially for characterizing some non-combinatorial properties. The broken circuit complex, on the one hand, is closely related to the Orlik-Terao algebra, and on the other hand, plays a crucial role in the study of many combinatorial problem: the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of a matroid are encoded in the f-vector of the broken circuit complex of the matroid. Among main results of the thesis are characterizations of the complete intersection and Gorenstein properties of the broken circuit complex and the Orlik-Terao algebra. I also study the h-vector of the broken circuit complex of a series-parallel network and relate certain entries of that vector to ear decompositions of the network. An application of the Orlik-Terao algebra in studying the relation space of a hyperplane arrangement is also included in the thesis.

Broken Access Control is the most serious web application security risk as published by Open Worldwide Application Security Project (OWASP). This category has highly complex vulnerabilities such as Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA) and Exposure of Sensitive Information. Finding such critical vulnerabilities in large software systems requires intelligent and automated tools. State-of-the-art (SOTA) research including hybrid application security testing tools, algorithmic brute forcers, and artificial intelligence has shown great promise in detection. Nevertheless, there exists a gap in research for reliably identifying logical and context-dependant Broken Access Control vulnerabilities. We modeled the problem as text classification and proposed KARTAL, a novel method for web application vulnerability detection using a Large Language Model (LLM). It consists of 3 components: Fuzzer, Prompter, and Detector. The Fuzzer is responsible for methodically collecting application behavior. The Prompter processes the data from the Fuzzer and formulates a prompt. Finally, the Detector uses an LLM which we have finetuned for detecting vulnerabilities. In the study, we investigate the performance, key factors, and limitations of the proposed method. Our research reveals the need for a labeled Broken Access Control vulnerability dataset in the cybersecurity field. Thus, we custom-generate our own dataset using an auto-regressive LLM with SOTA few-shot prompting techniques. We experiment with finetuning 3 types of decoder-only pre-trained transformers for detecting 2 sophisticated vulnerabilities. Our best model attained an accuracy of 87.19%, with an F1 score of 0.82. By using hardware acceleration on a consumer-grade laptop, our fastest model can make up to 539 predictions per second. The experiments on varying the training sample size demonstrated the great learning capabilities of our model. Every 400 samples added to training resulted in an average MCC score improvement of 19.58%. Furthermore, the dynamic properties of KARTAL enable inferencetime adaption to the application domain, resulting in reduced false positives. / Brutet åtkomstkontroll är den allvarligaste säkerhetsrisken för webbapplikationer enligt Open Worldwide Application Security Project (OWASP). Denna kategori har mycket komplexa sårbarheter såsom Brutet behörighetskontroll på objektnivå (BOLA) och exponering av känslig information. Att hitta sådana kritiska sårbarheter i stora programvarusystem kräver intelligenta och automatiserade verktyg. Senaste tekniken (SOTA)-forskning, inklusive hybridverktyg för säkerhetstestning av applikationer, algoritmiska bruteforcers och artificiell intelligens, har visat stor potential för upptäckt. Trots detta finns det en lucka i forskningen när det gäller tillförlitlig identifiering av logiska och kontextberoende sårbarheter relaterade till Brutet åtkomstkontroll. Vi modellerade problemet som textklassificering och föreslog KARTAL, en ny metod för att upptäcka sårbarheter i webbapplikationer med hjälp av en stor språkmodell (LLM). Den består av 3 komponenter: Fuzzer, Prompter och Detector. Fuzzer ansvarar för att systematiskt samla in applikationsbeteende. Prompter bearbetar data från Fuzzer och formulerar en förfrågan. Slutligen använder Detector en LLM som vi har finjusterat för att upptäcka sårbarheter. I studien undersöker vi prestanda, nyckelfaktorer och begränsningar hos den föreslagna metoden. Vår forskning visar behovet av en märkt dataset för sårbarheter relaterade till Brutet åtkomstkontroll inom cybersäkerhetsområdet. Därför genererar vi anpassade dataset med hjälp av en auto-regressiv LLM med SOTA few-shot-prompting-tekniker. Vi experimenterar med att finjustera 3 typer av endast avkodare transformers som är förtränade för att upptäcka 2 sofistikerade sårbarheter. Vår bästa modell uppnådde en noggrannhet på 87.19% med en F1-poäng på 0.82. Genom att använda hårdvaruacceleration på en bärbar dator för konsumenter kan vår snabbaste modell göra upp till 539 förutsägelser per sekund. Experimenten med varierande storlek på träningsprovet visade på vår modells stora förmåga att lära sig. Varje 400 prover som lades till träningen resulterade i en genomsnittlig förbättring av MCC-poängen med 19.58%. Dessutom möjliggör de dynamiska egenskaperna hos KARTAL anpassning vid inferringstid till applikationsdomänen, vilket resulterar i färre falska positiva resultat.

No description available.

No description available.

Includes bibliographical references.

The introduced mineral deposit model (MDM) is the product of a trans-disciplinary study, based on Complexity and General Systems Theory. Both investigate the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal scale of existence. The focus of the research has been on giant, hydrothermal mineral deposits. They constitute <0.001% of the total number of deposits yet contain 70-85% of the world's metal resources. Giants are the definitive exploration targets. They are more profitable to exploit and less susceptible to fluctuations of the market. Consensus has it that the same processes that generate small deposits also form giants but those processes are simply longer, vaster, and larger. Heat is the dominant factor in the genesis of giant mineral deposits. A paleothermal map shows where the vast heat required to generate a giant has been concentrated in a large space, and even allows us to deduce the duration of the process. To generate a paleothermal map acceptable to the scientific community requires reproducibility. Experimentation with various approaches to pattern recognition of geochemical data showed that the AUTOCLUST algorithm not only gave reproducibility but also gave the most consistent, most meaningful results. It automatically extracts boundaries based on Voronoi and Delaunay tessellations. The user does not specify parameters; however, the modeller does have tools to explore the data. This approach is near ideal in that it removes much of the human-generated bias. This algorithm reveals the radial, spatial distribution, of gold deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia at two distinct scales – repeating patterns every ~80 km and ~230 km. Both scales of patterning are reflected in the geology. The ~80 km patterns are nested within the ~230 km patterns revealing a self-similar, geometrical relationship. It is proposed that these patterns originate from Rayleigh-Bénard convection in the mantle. At the Rayleigh Number appropriate for the mantle, the stable planform is the spoke pattern, where hot mantle material is moving upward near the centre of the pattern and outward along the radial arms. Discontinuities in the mantle, Rayleigh-Bénard convection in the mantle, and the spatial distribution of giant mineral deposits, are correlative. The discontinuities in the Earth are acting as platforms from which Rayleigh-Bénard convection can originate. Shallow discontinuities give rise to plumelets, which manifest at the crust as repeating patterns ranging, from ~100 to ~1,000 km in diameter. Deeper discontinuities give rise to plumes, which become apparent at the crust as repeating patterns ranging from >1,000 to ~4,000 km in diameter. The deepest discontinuities give rise to the superplumes, which become detectable at the crust as repeating patterns ranging from >4,000 to >10,000 km in diameter. Rayleigh-Bénard convection concentrates the reservoir of heat in the mantle into specific locations in the crust; thereby providing the vast heat requirements for the processes that generate giant, hydrothermal mineral deposits. The radial spatial distribution patterns observed for gold deposits are also present for base metal deposits. At the supergiant Broken Hill deposit in far western New South Wales, Australia, the higher temperature Broken Hill-type deposits occur in a radial pattern while the lower temperature deposits occur in concentric patterns. The supergiant Broken Hill deposit occurs at the very centre of the pattern. If the supergiant Broken Hill Deposit was buried beneath alluvium, water or younger rocks, it would now be possible to predict its location with accuracy measured in tens of square kilometres. This predictive accuracy is desired by every exploration manager of every exploration company. The giant deposits at Broken Hill, Olympic Dam, and Mount Isa all occur on the edge of an annulus. There are at least two ways of creating an annulus on the Earth's surface. One is through Rayleigh-Bénard convection and the other is through meteor impact. It is likely that only 'large' meteors (those >10 km in diameter) would have any permanent impact on the mantle. Lesser meteors would leave only a superficial scar that would be eroded away. The permanent scars in the mantle act as ‘accidental templates’ consisting of concentric and possibly radial fractures that impose those structures on any rocks that were subsequently laid down or emplaced over the mantle. In southeastern Australia, the proposed Deniliquin Impact structure has been an 'accidental template' providing a 'line-of-least-resistance' for the ascent of the ~2,000 km diameter, offshore, Cape Howe Plume. The western and northwestern radial arms of this plume have created the very geometry of the Lachlan Fold Belt, as well as giving rise to the spatial distribution of the granitic rocks in that belt and ultimately to the gold deposits. The interplay between the templating of the mantle by meteor impacts and the ascent of plumelets, plumes or superplumes from various discontinuities in the mantle is quite possibly the reason that mineral deposits occur where they do.

The introduced mineral deposit model (MDM) is the product of a trans-disciplinary study, based on Complexity and General Systems Theory. Both investigate the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal scale of existence. The focus of the research has been on giant, hydrothermal mineral deposits. They constitute <0.001% of the total number of deposits yet contain 70-85% of the world's metal resources. Giants are the definitive exploration targets. They are more profitable to exploit and less susceptible to fluctuations of the market. Consensus has it that the same processes that generate small deposits also form giants but those processes are simply longer, vaster, and larger. Heat is the dominant factor in the genesis of giant mineral deposits. A paleothermal map shows where the vast heat required to generate a giant has been concentrated in a large space, and even allows us to deduce the duration of the process. To generate a paleothermal map acceptable to the scientific community requires reproducibility. Experimentation with various approaches to pattern recognition of geochemical data showed that the AUTOCLUST algorithm not only gave reproducibility but also gave the most consistent, most meaningful results. It automatically extracts boundaries based on Voronoi and Delaunay tessellations. The user does not specify parameters; however, the modeller does have tools to explore the data. This approach is near ideal in that it removes much of the human-generated bias. This algorithm reveals the radial, spatial distribution, of gold deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia at two distinct scales – repeating patterns every ~80 km and ~230 km. Both scales of patterning are reflected in the geology. The ~80 km patterns are nested within the ~230 km patterns revealing a self-similar, geometrical relationship. It is proposed that these patterns originate from Rayleigh-Bénard convection in the mantle. At the Rayleigh Number appropriate for the mantle, the stable planform is the spoke pattern, where hot mantle material is moving upward near the centre of the pattern and outward along the radial arms. Discontinuities in the mantle, Rayleigh-Bénard convection in the mantle, and the spatial distribution of giant mineral deposits, are correlative. The discontinuities in the Earth are acting as platforms from which Rayleigh-Bénard convection can originate. Shallow discontinuities give rise to plumelets, which manifest at the crust as repeating patterns ranging, from ~100 to ~1,000 km in diameter. Deeper discontinuities give rise to plumes, which become apparent at the crust as repeating patterns ranging from >1,000 to ~4,000 km in diameter. The deepest discontinuities give rise to the superplumes, which become detectable at the crust as repeating patterns ranging from >4,000 to >10,000 km in diameter. Rayleigh-Bénard convection concentrates the reservoir of heat in the mantle into specific locations in the crust; thereby providing the vast heat requirements for the processes that generate giant, hydrothermal mineral deposits. The radial spatial distribution patterns observed for gold deposits are also present for base metal deposits. At the supergiant Broken Hill deposit in far western New South Wales, Australia, the higher temperature Broken Hill-type deposits occur in a radial pattern while the lower temperature deposits occur in concentric patterns. The supergiant Broken Hill deposit occurs at the very centre of the pattern. If the supergiant Broken Hill Deposit was buried beneath alluvium, water or younger rocks, it would now be possible to predict its location with accuracy measured in tens of square kilometres. This predictive accuracy is desired by every exploration manager of every exploration company. The giant deposits at Broken Hill, Olympic Dam, and Mount Isa all occur on the edge of an annulus. There are at least two ways of creating an annulus on the Earth's surface. One is through Rayleigh-Bénard convection and the other is through meteor impact. It is likely that only 'large' meteors (those >10 km in diameter) would have any permanent impact on the mantle. Lesser meteors would leave only a superficial scar that would be eroded away. The permanent scars in the mantle act as ‘accidental templates’ consisting of concentric and possibly radial fractures that impose those structures on any rocks that were subsequently laid down or emplaced over the mantle. In southeastern Australia, the proposed Deniliquin Impact structure has been an 'accidental template' providing a 'line-of-least-resistance' for the ascent of the ~2,000 km diameter, offshore, Cape Howe Plume. The western and northwestern radial arms of this plume have created the very geometry of the Lachlan Fold Belt, as well as giving rise to the spatial distribution of the granitic rocks in that belt and ultimately to the gold deposits. The interplay between the templating of the mantle by meteor impacts and the ascent of plumelets, plumes or superplumes from various discontinuities in the mantle is quite possibly the reason that mineral deposits occur where they do.

The introduced mineral deposit model (MDM) is the product of a trans-disciplinary study, based on Complexity and General Systems Theory. Both investigate the abstract organization of phenomena, independent of their substance, type, or spatial or temporal scale of existence. The focus of the research has been on giant, hydrothermal mineral deposits. They constitute <0.001% of the total number of deposits yet contain 70-85% of the world's metal resources. Giants are the definitive exploration targets. They are more profitable to exploit and less susceptible to fluctuations of the market. Consensus has it that the same processes that generate small deposits also form giants but those processes are simply longer, vaster, and larger. Heat is the dominant factor in the genesis of giant mineral deposits. A paleothermal map shows where the vast heat required to generate a giant has been concentrated in a large space, and even allows us to deduce the duration of the process. To generate a paleothermal map acceptable to the scientific community requires reproducibility. Experimentation with various approaches to pattern recognition of geochemical data showed that the AUTOCLUST algorithm not only gave reproducibility but also gave the most consistent, most meaningful results. It automatically extracts boundaries based on Voronoi and Delaunay tessellations. The user does not specify parameters; however, the modeller does have tools to explore the data. This approach is near ideal in that it removes much of the human-generated bias. This algorithm reveals the radial, spatial distribution, of gold deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia at two distinct scales – repeating patterns every ~80 km and ~230 km. Both scales of patterning are reflected in the geology. The ~80 km patterns are nested within the ~230 km patterns revealing a self-similar, geometrical relationship. It is proposed that these patterns originate from Rayleigh-Bénard convection in the mantle. At the Rayleigh Number appropriate for the mantle, the stable planform is the spoke pattern, where hot mantle material is moving upward near the centre of the pattern and outward along the radial arms. Discontinuities in the mantle, Rayleigh-Bénard convection in the mantle, and the spatial distribution of giant mineral deposits, are correlative. The discontinuities in the Earth are acting as platforms from which Rayleigh-Bénard convection can originate. Shallow discontinuities give rise to plumelets, which manifest at the crust as repeating patterns ranging, from ~100 to ~1,000 km in diameter. Deeper discontinuities give rise to plumes, which become apparent at the crust as repeating patterns ranging from >1,000 to ~4,000 km in diameter. The deepest discontinuities give rise to the superplumes, which become detectable at the crust as repeating patterns ranging from >4,000 to >10,000 km in diameter. Rayleigh-Bénard convection concentrates the reservoir of heat in the mantle into specific locations in the crust; thereby providing the vast heat requirements for the processes that generate giant, hydrothermal mineral deposits. The radial spatial distribution patterns observed for gold deposits are also present for base metal deposits. At the supergiant Broken Hill deposit in far western New South Wales, Australia, the higher temperature Broken Hill-type deposits occur in a radial pattern while the lower temperature deposits occur in concentric patterns. The supergiant Broken Hill deposit occurs at the very centre of the pattern. If the supergiant Broken Hill Deposit was buried beneath alluvium, water or younger rocks, it would now be possible to predict its location with accuracy measured in tens of square kilometres. This predictive accuracy is desired by every exploration manager of every exploration company. The giant deposits at Broken Hill, Olympic Dam, and Mount Isa all occur on the edge of an annulus. There are at least two ways of creating an annulus on the Earth's surface. One is through Rayleigh-Bénard convection and the other is through meteor impact. It is likely that only 'large' meteors (those >10 km in diameter) would have any permanent impact on the mantle. Lesser meteors would leave only a superficial scar that would be eroded away. The permanent scars in the mantle act as ‘accidental templates’ consisting of concentric and possibly radial fractures that impose those structures on any rocks that were subsequently laid down or emplaced over the mantle. In southeastern Australia, the proposed Deniliquin Impact structure has been an 'accidental template' providing a 'line-of-least-resistance' for the ascent of the ~2,000 km diameter, offshore, Cape Howe Plume. The western and northwestern radial arms of this plume have created the very geometry of the Lachlan Fold Belt, as well as giving rise to the spatial distribution of the granitic rocks in that belt and ultimately to the gold deposits. The interplay between the templating of the mantle by meteor impacts and the ascent of plumelets, plumes or superplumes from various discontinuities in the mantle is quite possibly the reason that mineral deposits occur where they do.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao july ana s tavares.pdf: 2960047 bytes, checksum: db90116ac492ad8556d54577789f08f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-01 / Rice is a cereal consumed primarily as whole grain, and its composition and fractions are subject to varietal differences, environmental variations, handling, processing and storage. Broken grains of rice are fractions generated during processing and may represent between 14% and 60% of total grains. The processing of broken grains in the form of flour is an alternative to the use of this byproduct in the food industry. The thermal changes, such as toasting, could modify the sensory characteristics of rice flour due to the occurrence of reactions such as Maillard, and changes in the technological characteristics such as absorption capacity and water solubility, viscosity and amylose content. This research studied the influence of moisture content and toasting time in microwave on physical characteristics (size, modulus of fineness, color, viscosity, water absorption index and water solubility index) chemical (moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, carbohydrates and amylose content) and sensorial of raw rice flour and toasted of cultivars BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja and IRGA 417. We also determined the income benefit, whole grain and the degree of polishing of rice grains of these cultivars and scanning electron microscopy of some raw flour and toast. He was employed a Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD), which includes a factor of 22 over 3 replications at the central point and axial 4, totaling 11 treatments for each cultivar. The cv. BRS Sertaneja presents higher income benefit, while cv. IRGA 417 has a higher yield of integers and degree of polish. The cv. BRS Primavera has a higher percentage of broken grains may be suitable for production of flour. The flour of raw rice and toast were placed between thin and medium. The color of the raw flours from three cultivars are significantly different. The toasting process causes the darkening, reddening and yellowing of the meal toast. The humidification followed by toasting in microwave rice flours from three cultivars did decrease the formation of paste, moisture, protein, lipid and amylose, increasing the absorption index and water solubility and ash content, and carbohydrates . The Free Profile enabled to differentiate the samples on the cultivar and time of toasting. The longer, the flour toasts were characterized with more intense flavor and aroma of toasted and / or burned, and granularity in appearance and texture. / O arroz é um cereal consumido principalmente como grão inteiro, sendo que sua composição e de suas frações estão sujeitas às diferenças varietais, variações ambientais, de manejo, de processamento e de armazenamento. Grãos quebrados são frações de arroz gerados durante o beneficiamento e podem representar entre 14% e 60% do total dos grãos beneficiados. O processamento de grãos quebrados sob a forma de farinha é alternativa para uso deste subproduto na indústria de alimentos. As modificações térmicas, como a torração, poderiam modificar as características sensoriais da farinha de arroz devido à ocorrência de reações como a de Maillard, além de modificações nas características tecnológicas como capacidade de absorção e solubilidade em água, viscosidade de pasta e teor de amilose. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a influência das variáveis umidade e tempo de torra em micro-ondas sobre as características físicas (granulometria; módulo de finura; cor; viscosidade; índice de absorção de água e índice de solubilidade em água), químicas (umidade, cinzas, proteína bruta, lipídios, carboidratos e o teor de amilose) e sensorial das farinhas de arroz cruas e torradas das cultivares BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja e IRGA 417. Foram também determinados a renda do benefício, rendimento de inteiros e grau de polimento dos grãos de arroz destas cultivares, além de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de algumas farinhas cruas e torradas. Foi empregado um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR), que inclui um fatorial de 22 mais 3 repetições no ponto central e 4 axiais, totalizando 11 tratamentos para cada cultivar. A cv. BRS Sertaneja apresenta maior renda do benefício, enquanto a cv. IRGA 417 possui maior rendimento de inteiros e grau de polimento. A cv. BRS Primavera possui maior porcentagem de grãos quebrados podendo ser indicada para produção de farinha. As farinhas de arroz cruas e torradas foram classificadas entre muito fina e média. A cor das farinhas cruas das três cultivares são significativamente diferentes. O processo de torra provoca o escurecimento, avermelhamento e amarelamento das farinhas torradas. A umidificação seguida de torra em micro-ondas nas farinhas de arroz das três cultivares fez diminuir a formação de pasta, a umidade, o teor protéico, lipídico e de amilose, aumentando o índice de absorção e solubilidade em água e o conteúdo de cinzas e carboidratos. O Perfil Livre permitiu diferenciar as amostras quanto a cultivar e o tempo de torra. Quanto maior o tempo, as farinhas torradas caracterizaram-se com aroma e sabor mais intenso de torrado e/ou queimado, além de granulosidade na aparência e textura.