Syfte: Syftet är att öka förståelsen för hur olika yrkeskategorier uppfattar organisationskultur och med den förståelsen belysa vikten av hur sjukhus kan arbeta med organisationskultur för att kunna möta framtidens växande och åldrande befolkning.                                                    Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med en abduktiv ansats som behandlar fenomenet organisationskultur. Studiens datainsamlingsmetod består av en kombination av och med enskilda intervjuer, fokusgrupp, observationer och insamlade dokument som bygger på och stärker varandra.                                                                                                       Slutsats: Vi har genom denna studie fått en ny insikt i att yrkeskategorier i första hand relaterar organisationskultur till sig själva och att det kan vara individens sätt att uppfatta sin plats i organisationen. Organisationskultur blir således något som var och en förhåller sig till utifrån sin egen referensram och att den enskilda professionen, arbetsuppgiften, enheten, verksamhetsområdet eller sjukhuset återspeglar sättet att se på organisationskultur. / Purpose: The purpose is to increase the understanding of how different job types apprehend organizational culture which light the importance of how hospitals can work with organizational culture. This to be able to meet the increasing needs of future growing and ageing population in a more comprehensive effort. Method: The study has a qualitative research strategy with a cross-sectional approach which examining the organizational culture as a phenomenon. The data consists of separate interviews, focus group, observations and collected documents all of which build upon and bolster each other in an effort to support the hypothesis. Conclusion: Through this study we received new insight and knowledge which made us understand that individuals relate organizational culture to themselves, which can be the individual's way of perceiving their place in the organization. Organizational culture is furthermore something that individuals relate to through their own frame of reference and that the individual's profession, assignment, unit, work area or hospital influences the way individuals look upon organizational culture.

<p>I study three contemporary Chilean works of visual culture that appropriate and re-assemble visual material, discourse, and atmosphere from the bureaucracy of the military state. I examine Diamela Eltit’s textual performance of legal discourse in Puño y letra (2005); Guillermo Núñez’s testimonial art Libertad Condicional (1979-1982) based on the documents pertaining to his imprisonment, parole and forced exile; and Pablo Larraín’s fictional film Post Mortem (2010) inspired by Salvador Allende’s autopsy report. I argue that they employ a framework that exposes both the functional and aesthetic modes of bureaucracy complicit in state terror that operate within the spectacular and the mundane. Furthermore, I trace bureaucracy’s origins from the founding of the nation to its current practices that enabled the societal conditions for dictatorship and continue to uphold dictatorial legacies into the present.</p><p>In my analysis, I engage theories from performance, legal and media studies to interpret how Eltit critiques the press coverage of human rights trials, Núñez informs institutionalized preservation of memory, and Larraín demonstrates the power of fiction in our documentary reconstruction of the past. I conclude by arguing that this examination of bureaucracy is imperative because state bureaucracy anchors vestiges of the dictatorship that persist into the present such as the dictatorship-era constitution and the newly revived preventative control of identity documentation law.</p> / Dissertation

The establishment of the European External Action Service (EEAS) was the latest organisational innovation aimed at bridging the disjuncture between EU external relations and foreign policy structures. Almost immediately after its creation, it attracted wide-spread criticism of its functioning by the very same actors who had created it. This thesis develops a three-stage bureaucratic-institutionalist framework in order to explore the political contestation of this new organisation and its impact on the organisation and functioning of the EEAS. Inception, establishment and consolidation are the three phases of the organisation s life cycle under scrutiny. The thesis begins with the inception of the EEAS during the Convention on the Future of Europe from 2002-2003. Through the lens of rational choice historical institutionalism it analyses the positions of various actors in the Convention and the options that were considered during this phase. It then shows how disagreements between integrationist and more sceptical groups led to a vague compromise on the EEAS and its organisational design. The thesis continues with an analysis of the establishment phase, i.e. the negotiation process leading to the EEAS decision of 2010, throughout which the political conflict continued between the EU institutions on central design elements of the service such as status, scope and staffing. Theoretically, this conflict is captured through the politics of Eurocratic structure approach. In the final consolidation phase, the EEAS started to operate as a new administrative actor, but was heavily influenced by political and bureaucratic contestation. Bureaucracy theory helps to predict the organisational behaviour of the EEAS to a degree, but the thesis shows how the organisation was also shaped by bureaucratic politics between EU institutions and member states. The thesis concludes that a bureaucratic-institutionalist approach explains why the EEAS is a strongly contested bureaucracy and how the processes of contestation at the EU level hindered institutional design throughout the organisation s life cycle of inception, establishment and consolidation. It reveals limitations of this approach, such as the persistence of actors, the weight of decision precedent and the permeability of organisational development phases.

This thesis deals with the question whether a state public enterprise is the source of political capital in the conception of the theory of rent-seeking on the example of the Czechoslovak state spa. The theoretical part explains the concept of political capital and the concept of rent-seeking theory from the view of Public Choice Theory. The analytical part is concerned with the fate of state spas in Czechoslovakia. The probe into the historical period of the First Republic is examined what happens to these spas, what is their place in the state budget, what is their fulfillment of stated objectives and which characters of rent-seeking in the form of political capital are observed at this state company. Based on this analysis it is concluded that the state spa enterprise is practical example of the theory of rent seeking and the source of political capital.

The aim of this study was to examine how foster-care workers use their discretion, also how they evaluate foster-care investigations and which criteria affects the outcome of the investigations. Our focus group were social workers from four middle-sized municipalities and two social workers from the private sector. Two overall themes were identified after our interviews, both with underlying themes: discretion during investigation and criteria for foster-care takers.The analysis was based on previous research and theory. Our main conclusions were that social workers’ discretion is affected by the guidelines and methods established at their workplace. Also that the criterias for foster-care takers depends on the situation, but the foster child needs his or her own room in the home and the foster parent can not appear in criminal records.

Thesis advisor: Sarah Babb / In the early 1990s, at the height of the Washington Consensus, its hegemonic model of neoliberal development was strongly challenged by Japan, the U.S.’s greatest ally. The key event characterizing this challenge occurred when Japan’s Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (OECF) began criticizing the World Bank’s famous Structural Adjustment Loans (SALs). This subsequently led to the publication of the “East Asian Miracle Report” by the World Bank financed by the Japanese government. This poses a great puzzle considering Japan’s historically submissive and politically deferential relationship with the U.S. since the end of World War II. I address two questions in my thesis to solve the above puzzle: (1) why did the Japanese state choose to oppose American ideological hegemony in the 1990s? (2) how did the ideas involved in this challenge develop within and beyond the institution of Japanese policy bureaucracy? The theory and methods used in this paper are inspired by the historical institutionalist tradition in sociology and political science. I argue that the shift in Japan’s foreign aid strategy in the late 1980s was driven by a mixture of economic, institutional and political factors. This along with the escalating influence of the Washington Consensus and its interference with Japanese aid policy, drove Japan to oppose American ideological hegemony in the 1990s. Furthermore, tracing the policy discourses of the OECF during this period revealed that not only economic and political factors, but also the developmentalist idea that valued the central role of the state in its economic development was essential in instigating Japan’s construction and promotion of its own development model. I conclude that Japan’s challenge was both a local and a global social construct, developed in the processes of transnational interaction with other states and their actors, and drawing on internationally available economic ideas. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

Abstract: Anthropological accounts of the state are often voiced from the perspective of the public, demonstrating the potential for danger or illegibility in encounters with the state. Less has been said, however, about how functionaries of the state perceive their interactions with the public. This perspectival bias needs to be overcome through ethnographies of the state, which can help scholars to look critically at our understanding of the state in everyday practice. This article examines one such “illegible” state bureaucracy, the Immigration Services Branch of the South African Department of Home Affairs, documenting some of the factors which inform the actions of street-level bureaucrats. It illustrates how officials develop systems of meaning to help them navigate the challenges posed by a mysterious populace and an unpredictable management hierarchy, and to effectively stabilize these two unstable entities. These systems of meaning also enable officials to act in ways which might run counter to official discourse, while simultaneously upholding its legitimacy. Their efforts at stabilization therefore incite a destabilization of the state, leading it to appear as “magical” or “illegible” to the public.

Thesis (M.M. (Public and Development Management))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Governance, 2014. / Since the advent of democracy in 1994, government programmes have improved the quality of lives and living standards of the poorest South Africans, the majority of whom were previously disadvantaged by apartheid segregation policies. On face value, racism and prejudice seem to have declined. Thus society seems to be slowly integrating as equals. However, the legacies of apartheid, combined with poor budgetary and financial management skills, a massive backlog in basic services and infrastructure, regional inequalities in the provision thereof, and sometimes tense social relationships, continue to limit opportunities for social and economic development. Additionally, despite progress made, many people remain vulnerable with poverty, unemployment, and health issues remaining a factor that continues to promote dependency on government The ability of government, municipalities in particular, to deliver such services and meet the expectations of the communities remains a contested notion. Capacity, a lack of suitable skills, bureaucracy and outsourcing of government functions to consultants has been widely blamed for what has been viewed as “shabby service delivery” by municipalities. These they believe are as a result of poor leadership skills, lack of vision and an inability to deliver while outsourcing its functions to unqualified, less experienced contractors who do not have the government’s development goals as their aim. The primary purpose of this research therefore is to determine the effects of internal bureaucracy on the provision of services within the City of Johannesburg. The research will further investigate how that impacts negatively on the City’s quest to provide quality services to its residence. These are leadership role, citizen engagement and governance. With reference to the ongoing public protests in various parts of the City, this ii research will in addition explore and attempt to understand how the City intends to address public violence linked to service delivery demands, and the impact that current internal institutional arrangements, leadership challenges and management systems have on realising the vision to achieve a world class African City that is well governed, resilient, sustainable and liveable for all. Recommendations informed by participant’s views and management theories will be also be made.

Este trabalho é um ponto de encontro entre dois artistas nova-iorquinos da segunda metade do século XX: Gordon Matta-Clark (Nova York, 1943-1978) e Félix González-Torres (Guaimaro, Cuba, 1957-Nova York, 1996) através de obras que se propõem como uma contradição nos termos: propriedades sem bem, ou a possibilidade de possuir um objeto materialmente inexistente. O primeiro, Gordon Matta-Clark, com a obra Propriedades Reais: Bens Fictícios, consistente na compra e registros fotográficos de bens imobiliários que, tendo seus limites marcados nas escrituras e nos mapas, não apresentam fronteiras perceptíveis no espaço físico. O segundo, Félix González-Torres com obras que encontram sua origem em Certificados de Autenticidade / Propriedade de objetos a ser manifestados, isto é, construídos pelo dono da peça ou por aquele que pedir emprestado o direito de montá-la. Propriedades sem bem que -- enxergadas por Matta-Clark na década de 70, e construídas por González-Torres na década de 90 --, abrem um leque de questionamentos sobre temas básicos de uma sociedade baseada no intercâmbio e na acumulação. A saber, a burocracia, o valor de troca e a noção de propriedade que, mais do que consistir em um objeto a ser possuído, consiste em um convênio a ser respeitado. Pacto ancorado em um complexo andaime econômico e legal, de números e de letras, que os dois artistas, desde cantos diferentes, percorrem até suas últimas consequências. Este texto é a história desse percurso. / This work is a meeting point between two artists of the second half of the twentieth century: Gordon Matta-Clark (New York, 1943-1978) and Felix Gonzalez-Torres (Guaimaro, Cuba, 1957-New York, 1996). The connection is established through works that are proposed as a contradiction in terms: properties without physical goods, or the possibility of owning one thing that does not exist in a material way. The first, Gordon Matta-Clark, with the work Reality Properties: Fake Estates, consists of the purchase and photographical registers of real estates, with their boundaries, marked in the deeds and maps, shows no discernible physical space. The second, Félix González-Torres, with works that find their origin in Certificates of Authenticity / Property of objects to be manifested, that is, built by the owner of the piece or by the one who borrows the right to assemble it. Properties without goods that - sighted by Matta-Clark in the 70s and constructed by González-Torres in the 90s - opens a range of questions about basic themes of a society founded on exchange and accumulation. Specifically: bureaucracy, exchange value and the notion of property that consists of more than an object to be possessed, a covenant to be respected. Covenant deals anchored on a complex economic and legal structure -numbers and letters- that both artists explore to the ultimate consequences. This text is the story of that exploration.

A assistência social, suas práticas e fundamentos teóricos tem sido tema de grande discussão. O assistencialismo presente nos primórdios da profissão e a perspectiva do direito social se mostram do contexto do SUAS em municípios de pequeno porte. Ora temos práticas arcaicas caracterizadas pela caridade e benevolência, ora temos práticas que asseguram efetivamente a garantia do direito social. Trata-se de um estudo que se refere á análise da situação municipal dos sistemas de assistência social, onde buscou-se evidências empíricas por meio de pesquisa de campo. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é reconhecer e analisar elementos tradicionais e modernos entre referenciais normativos, atores, condutas e relações que estruturam o SUAS em municípios de pequeno porte, assim como as contradições e os mecanismos de harmonização que determinam. Para alcançar tal premissa, foi utilizada como método a pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, tratando-se de um estudo exploratório, utilizando como técnica de análise de informações, a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados desta pesquisa se mostram por meio das informações empíricas. Desta maneira, por meio da fundamentação teórica e da realidade empírica encontrada, foi visto que existem sim elementos tradicionais e modernos entre referenciais normativos, atores, condutas e relações que estruturam os sistemas locais do SUAS nos municípios estudados. Tais elementos se expressam de forma contraditória e ao mesmo tempo se harmonizam no âmbito da realidade da administração pública municipal. Deste modo, a relevância deste trabalho centra-se na possibilidade de se lançar luzes sobre um importante segmento de ação do Estado, revelando como instrumentos normativos podem entrar em conflito com um conjunto de práticas (avessas à perspectiva do direito) sedimentadas e percebidas como adequadas por provedores e beneficiários. / Social assistance, their practices and theoretical foundations have been the subject of great discussion. The assistance in the early days of the profession and the social law perspective are shown in the context of the SAS (Social Assistance System) in small municipalities. Sometimes we have archaic practices characterized by charity and benevolence, other times we have practices that effectively ensure the guarantee of social rights. This is a study that refers to the analysis of the situation of municipal social assistance systems, in which empirical evidence was searched through fieldwork. Thus, the objective of this research is to recognize and analyze traditional and modern elements between normative references, actors, conduct and relationships that structure the SAS in small municipalities, as well as the contradictions and harmonization mechanisms that determine. To achieve such a premise, it was used a qualitative research method, since this is an exploratory study, using as technical analysis of information the content analysis. The results of this research show themselves through the empirical information. In this way, through the theoretical foundation and empirical reality found, it has been seen that traditional and modern elements exist between normative references, actors, conduct and relationships that structure the local SAS in the cities studied. Such elements express themselves so contradictory and at the same time harmonize under the reality of municipal public administration. In this way, the relevance of this work focuses on the ability to throw light on an important segment of State action, revealing how regulatory instruments can conflict with a set of practices (apart the law perspective) fielded and perceived as appropriate for providers and beneficiaries.