This thesis proposes a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) scheme for blind ADC-based receivers to overcome the challenges introduced by blind sampling. It presents the design, simulation, and implementation of a 5Gb/s speculative DFE for a 2x blind ADC-based receiver. The complete receiver, including the ADC, the DFE, and a 2x blind clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, is implemented in Fujitsu’s 65-nm CMOS process. Measurements of the fabricated test-chip confirm 5Gb/s data recovery with bit error rate (BER) less than 1e−12 in the presence of a test channel introducing 13.3dB of attenuation at the Nyquist frequency of 2.5GHz. The receiver tolerates 0.24UIpp of high-frequency sinusoidal jitter (SJ) in this case. Without the DFE, the BER exceeds 1e−8 even when no SJ is applied.

This thesis proposes a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) scheme for blind ADC-based receivers to overcome the challenges introduced by blind sampling. It presents the design, simulation, and implementation of a 5Gb/s speculative DFE for a 2x blind ADC-based receiver. The complete receiver, including the ADC, the DFE, and a 2x blind clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, is implemented in Fujitsu’s 65-nm CMOS process. Measurements of the fabricated test-chip confirm 5Gb/s data recovery with bit error rate (BER) less than 1e−12 in the presence of a test channel introducing 13.3dB of attenuation at the Nyquist frequency of 2.5GHz. The receiver tolerates 0.24UIpp of high-frequency sinusoidal jitter (SJ) in this case. Without the DFE, the BER exceeds 1e−8 even when no SJ is applied.

We have 3G on the doorstep but nothing seems to attract ordinary people to this technology. To attract the mass market the telecom industry must show something beyond high bit rates. They must show how ordinary people can take advantage of this new technology. This is done by showing the possibilities of the new technology and by demonstrating applications that it will handle. The telecom industry must convince the telecom operators to invest in this technology and the only thing that matters to them is how much revenue they can make by adopting the upcoming technology. To convince the operators industry must show how the operators can charge for the new types of applications that will be introduced soon. This is the main reason why this Master's Thesis has been conducted. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a demonstration to Ericsson's 3G lab in Katrineholm in the form of an IP application with a billing solution. This thesis describes the migration from 1G to 3G and examines existing and future billing strategies as well. The IP application is an application that uses progressive streaming in order to stream multimedia content to a PDA connected to a 3G phone. This application is platform independent because it is placed on leading Web servers, Apache and IIS. The billing application consists of a number of steps. The first step is logging, which is performed by the Web server on which the streaming application is placed. The second step, processing and billing, is performed in the BGw, which is Ericsson's mediation tool, and the SQL server.The third step is displaying the bill, which is done by using ASP to create an active HTML page.

As demand for higher bandwidth I/O grows, the front end design of serial link becomes significant to overcome stringent timing requirements on noisy and bandwidthlimited channels. As a clock reconstructing module in a receiver, the recovered clock quality of Clock and Data Recovery is the main issue of the receiver performance. However, from unknown incoming jitter, it is difficult to optimize loop dynamics to minimize steady-state and dynamic jitter. In this thesis a 10 Gb/s adaptive loop bandwidth clock and data recovery circuit with on-chip loop filter is presented. The proposed system optimizes the loop bandwidth adaptively to minimize jitter so that it leads to an improved jitter tolerance performance. This architecture tunes the loop bandwidth by a factor of eight based on the phase information of incoming data. The resulting architecture performs as good as a maximum fixed loop bandwidth CDR while tracking high speed input jitter and as good as a minimum fixed bandwidth CDR while suppressing wide bandwidth steady-state jitter. By employing a mixed mode predictor, high updating rate loop bandwidth adaptation is achieved with low power consumption. Another relevant feature is that it integrates a typically large off-chip filter using a capacitance multiplication technique that employs dual charge pumps. The functionality of the proposed architecture has been verified through schematic and behavioral model simulations. In the simulation, the performance of jitter tolerance is confirmed that the proposed solution provides improved results and robustness to the variation of jitter profile. Its applicability to industrial standards is also verified by the jitter tolerance passing SONET OC-192 successfully.

High-speed serial data links are quickly gaining in popularity and replacing the conventional parallel data links in recent years when the data rate of communication exceeds one gigabits per second. Compared with parallel data links, serial data links are able to achieve higher data rate and longer transfer distance. This dissertation is focused on the design of CMOS integrated phase-locked loops (PLLs) and relevant building blocks used in multi-gigabits serial data link transceivers. Firstly, binary phase-locked loops (BPLLs, i.e., PLLs based on binary phase detectors) are modeled and analyzed. The steady-state behavior of BPLLs is derived with combined discrete-time and continuous-time analysis. The jitter performance characteristics of BPLLs are analyzed. Secondly, a 10 Gbps clock and data recovery (CDR) chip for SONET OC- 192, the mainstream standard for optical serial data links, is presented. The CDR is based on a novel referenceless dual-loop half-rate architecture. It includes a binary phase-locked loop based on a quad-level phase detector and a linear frequency-locked loop based on a linear frequency detector. The proposed architecture enables the CDR to achieve large locking range and small jitter generation at the same time. The prototype is implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS technology and consumes 250 mW under 1.8 V supply. The jitter generation is 0.5 ps-rms and 4.8 ps-pp. The jitter peaking and jitter tolerance performance exceeds the specifications defined by SONET OC-192 standard. Thirdly, a fully-differential divide-by-eight injection-locked frequency divider with low power dissipation is presented. The frequency divider consists of a four-stage ring of CML (current mode logic) latches. It has a maximum operating frequency of 18 GHz. The ratio of locking range over center frequency is up to 50%. The prototype chip is implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS technology and consumes 3.6 mW under 1.8 V supply. Lastly, the design and optimization techniques of fully differential charge pumps are discussed. Techniques are proposed to minimize the nonidealities associated with a fully differential charge pump, including differential mismatch, output current variation, low-speed glitches and high-speed glitches. The performance improvement brought by the techniques is verified with simulations of schematics designed in 0.35 μm CMOS technology.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:54:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 esguicero_fj_me_bauru.pdf: 1173404 bytes, checksum: 2da84f9eb9ebbcdf15f6429de51088a2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O setor de construção civil é gerador de elevados volumes de resíduos em toda sua cadeia produtiva. A geração de resíduos inicia-se na extração dos recursos naturais passando pelo processo produtivo até o descarte dos rejeitos durante o ciclo de vida de seus produtos, ocasionando uma série de problemas ambientais para a sociedade e os municípios. Em função do problema exposto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso no Município de Lençóis Paulista através de um projeto de investimento público na instalação de uma usina de reciclagem de Resíduos da Construção e Demolição (RCD), com o objetivo de resolver a problemática da disposição final destes resíduos. Foram determinadas as estimativas da geração do RCD, bem como a caracterização dos mesmos a fim de verificar o potencial para reciclagem. Posteriormente, foram identificados os recursos e equipamentos necessários à instalação da usina para em seguida obter os resultados sobre a viabilidade econômica e ambiental do projeto. Verificou-se que o projeto é viável, pois análise econômica identificou o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) de R$ 545.286,81 e a Taxa Interna de Retorno de 15,02%, superior à Taxa Mínima de Atratividade (TMA). O prazo de recuperação do investimento é obtido após o sétimo ano no caso do payback simpes e após o décimo primeiro ano no caso do payback descontado. Os benefícios ambientais possibilitaram ao Município uma forma ambientalmente correta na disposição final dos resíduos de construção, evitando a geração de problemas de saúde pública com o descarte final do RCD, e permitindo a reutilização dos agregados reciclados utilizados nas obras de construção civil da Prefeitura / The civil construction sector generates residue throughout its production chain, whether in the extraction of natural resources, in the production process or even in the disposal of waste during the life cycle of its products, causing social and environmental problems for cities. As a result of this problem, this work presents a case study in the Lençóis Paulista city through a project of public investment in setting up a recycling plant for the Construction and Demolition Residue (CDR), in order to solve the problem of disposal of these wastes. Were determined estimates of the generation of the CDR and the characterization of these to verify the potential for recycling. Subsequently, were identified the resources and equipment needed to install the plant to then get the results on the economic and environmental viability of the project. The project was determined to be feasible, since economic analysis identified the Net Present Value (NPV) of R$ 545,286.81 and the Internal Rate of Return of 15.02% higher than the Minimum Rate of Attractiveness (MRA). The period of invetment recovery is obtained after the seventh year in the case of simple payback and after the eleventh year for the discounted payback. The environmental benefits enable the municipality in an environmentaly correct disposal of construction waste, avoiding the geration of public health problems with the final disposal of CDR through the reuse of recycled aggregates used in construction work in City Hall

Orientador: Jair Wagner de Souza Manfrinato / Banca: Alcides Lopes Leão / Banca: Rosani de Castro / Resumo: O setor de construção civil é gerador de elevados volumes de resíduos em toda sua cadeia produtiva. A geração de resíduos inicia-se na extração dos recursos naturais passando pelo processo produtivo até o descarte dos rejeitos durante o ciclo de vida de seus produtos, ocasionando uma série de problemas ambientais para a sociedade e os municípios. Em função do problema exposto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso no Município de Lençóis Paulista através de um projeto de investimento público na instalação de uma usina de reciclagem de Resíduos da Construção e Demolição (RCD), com o objetivo de resolver a problemática da disposição final destes resíduos. Foram determinadas as estimativas da geração do RCD, bem como a caracterização dos mesmos a fim de verificar o potencial para reciclagem. Posteriormente, foram identificados os recursos e equipamentos necessários à instalação da usina para em seguida obter os resultados sobre a viabilidade econômica e ambiental do projeto. Verificou-se que o projeto é viável, pois análise econômica identificou o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) de R$ 545.286,81 e a Taxa Interna de Retorno de 15,02%, superior à Taxa Mínima de Atratividade (TMA). O prazo de recuperação do investimento é obtido após o sétimo ano no caso do payback simpes e após o décimo primeiro ano no caso do payback descontado. Os benefícios ambientais possibilitaram ao Município uma forma ambientalmente correta na disposição final dos resíduos de construção, evitando a geração de problemas de saúde pública com o descarte final do RCD, e permitindo a reutilização dos agregados reciclados utilizados nas obras de construção civil da Prefeitura / Abstract: The civil construction sector generates residue throughout its production chain, whether in the extraction of natural resources, in the production process or even in the disposal of waste during the life cycle of its products, causing social and environmental problems for cities. As a result of this problem, this work presents a case study in the Lençóis Paulista city through a project of public investment in setting up a recycling plant for the Construction and Demolition Residue (CDR), in order to solve the problem of disposal of these wastes. Were determined estimates of the generation of the CDR and the characterization of these to verify the potential for recycling. Subsequently, were identified the resources and equipment needed to install the plant to then get the results on the economic and environmental viability of the project. The project was determined to be feasible, since economic analysis identified the Net Present Value (NPV) of R$ 545,286.81 and the Internal Rate of Return of 15.02% higher than the Minimum Rate of Attractiveness (MRA). The period of invetment recovery is obtained after the seventh year in the case of simple payback and after the eleventh year for the discounted payback. The environmental benefits enable the municipality in an environmentaly correct disposal of construction waste, avoiding the geration of public health problems with the final disposal of CDR through the reuse of recycled aggregates used in construction work in City Hall / Mestre

The purpose of this master's thesis is to design and create system for company dealing with telephoning, which will simplify and automate the work of their employees as much as possible. System will meet the requirements on modern information system of telemarketing company and will be connected to telephone private branch exchange, from which it will be getting information about all phone calls including their voice records. The work is focused on usage of modern quality technologies and their integration into one system. First part of this work will closely describe requirements on this system and resulting creation of design. In the second part there will be presented used technologies and implementation of particular sections including configuration and connection with telephone private branch exchange. There will be also description of performance measurement process and resulting optimalization of critical sections in which high performance is required.

On the fourth of November 2016, The Paris Agreement entered into force, stating that nations worldwide should pursue efforts to limit the global temperature increase to 1,5 °C. Since then, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has specified that carbon dioxide removal, such as biochar sequestration, is necessary to achieve this goal. Biochar is a solid and porous material, rich in carbon, produced when biomass undergoes a process called pyrolysis and can, if buried in soil, sequester carbon for hundreds or even thousands of years while at the same time acting as a soil amendment. When biomass is pyrolyzed to produce biochar, a pyrolysis gas is also produced, which can be used to generate both heat and electricity. This thesis investigates if constructing and operating a plant, called a combined pyrolysis and CHP plant, which combines biochar production with heat and electricity generation, could be economically feasible and thus be an effective method for carbon dioxide removal. The findings show that constructing and operating a combined pyrolysis and CHP plant can be economically feasible. However, the economic feasibility is greatly affected by the price of biochar as a soil amendment product. The biochar market is also an undeveloped market, making price estimates of biochar far from accurate. Another factor that could significantly affect the economic feasibility of the plant is the fraction of carbon in biochar, which can be accounted for as sequestered. A higher fraction means that significantly more governmental support can be given to provide financing of the plant as well as potential revenue from carbon credits could increase. The capital cost of constructing the plant is also a factor with high uncertainty, which has a substantial effect on the economic feasibility. From this thesis, it is concluded that more research regarding the biochar market, as well as the capital costs of constructing the plant, is needed. More research could further ascertain whether or not the plant could be economically feasible and thus, an effective method for carbon dioxide removal. / Den fjärde november 2016 trädde Parisavtalet i kraft vilket uppgav att länder över hela världen ska sträva efter att begränsa den globala temperaturökningen till 1,5 grader Celsius. I enlighet med detta mål har FN:s mellanstatliga klimatpanel, IPCC, specificerat att koldioxidavlägsnande åtgärder, såsom kolinlagring genom produktion av biokol, är nödvändigt. Biokol är ett fast och poröst material, rikt på kol, som produceras när biomassa genomgår en process som kallas pyrolys. Om biokol blandas ner i jord kan det binda kol i hundratals eller tusentals år samtidigt som det fungerar som jordförbättrare. När biomassa pyrolyseras produceras också en pyrolysgas som kan användas för att generera värme och elektricitet. Det här examensarbetet undersöker om det kan vara ekonomiskt genomförbart att bygga och driva en anläggning, benämnd en kombinerad pyrolys- och kraftvärmeanläggning, som kombinerar biokolsproduktion med värme- och elproduktion för att avlägsna koldioxid från atmosfären. Resultaten från arbetet visar att det kan vara ekonomiskt genomförbart att bygga och driva en kombinerad pyrolys- och kraftvärmeanläggning. Den ekonomiska genomförbarheten påverkas dock i hög grad av priset på biokol som jordförbättringsprodukt. Marknaden för biokol är dessutom outvecklad vilket gör att priset för biokol osäkert. En annan faktor som i hög grad skulle kunna påverka den ekonomiska genomförbarheten för anläggningen är andelen kol i biokol som kan anses vara lagrad. En högre andel innebär att betydligt mer statligt stöd kan ges för att finansiera anläggningen samt att potentiella intäkter från kolkrediter kan öka. Kapitalkostnaderna för att bygga anläggningen är också en faktor med hög osäkerhet som har stor effekt på den ekonomiska genomförbarheten. Från detta examensarbete dras slutsatsen att mer forskning kring biokolsmarknaden samt kring kapitalkostnaderna för att bygga anläggningen behövs. Detta behövs för att ytterligare fastställa den ekonomiska genomförbarheten hos en sådan anläggning för att avlägsna koldioxid från atmosfären.

The Object-Oriented Data Specification Framework (OODSF) is a C++ framework to facilitate programming in a heterogeneous distributed environment. Using the OODSF, C++ language bindings of commonly used specification languages, such as Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.l) and Interface Definition Language (IDL), can be defined. The OODSF defines C++ class libraries for ASN.l and IDL to simplify the C++ language bindings. Arbitrary application-level IDL and ASN.l specifications can be translated into C++ representations based on these class libraries. The OODSF contains facilities for encoding and decoding transferred data, allowing interoperability in a heterogeneous distributed system. A general interface is provided to encoding and decoding services so that a flexible choice of an encoding rule can be made. The current implementation of the OODSF contains external Encoding Rule (XDR) and Basic Encoding Rule (BER). / Master of Science