The subject of this diploma thesis is the construction technological project of visitor center in Mikulčice. This thesis contains a technical report, project of site equipment with technical report, time and financial plan of the building, study for the realization of major technology stages, design of assembly machines, budget of object, technological specification of steel structure and COR-TEN cladding with inspection and test plans.

The diploma thesis deals with construction technological project of Aquacentre Kohoutovice. The thesis handles technological prescription of compact external cladding assembly including supporting structure. The thesis also includes assessment of transport itinerary, itemized budget with bill of quantities, design of site equipment, time and financial plan, construction schedule, machine assembly, control and test plan and safety and health care policy.

The master's thesis deals with the steel structures in building industry. The aim of this paper is to propose and statically evaluate the load-bearing steel structure of railway station in Vsetín. After solving the construction load by the roof cladding and external cladding, it follows by an assessment of individual elements of construction, including an assessment of their joints. From a static perspective, the roof structure consists of two diagonal arches which are joined into each other in the top and two longitudinals frames. The entire structure is designed with an emphasis on freedom of internal layout independent of the load-bearing structure.

Les crayons combustibles au sein des Réacteurs à Eau Pressurisée (REP) sont constitués de pastilles de céramique (UO2 ou (U-Pu)O2) empilées dans des gaines en alliage de zirconium, le Zircaloy. Avant l'irradiation, il existe un jeu de fabrication entre les pastilles et la gaine de l'ordre d'une centaine de microns. Au cours de l'irradiation, ce jeu est rapidement réduit ou totalement rattrapé du fait des différentes déformations que subissent les pastilles et la gaine. La connaissance de la nature de ce contact pastille-gaine à chaud, nécessaire pour comprendre les phénomènes et valider les modélisations de l'évolution de l'état de l’interface en fonction du taux de combustion, est accessible aujourd’hui exclusivement à partir de mesures destructives effectuées en laboratoire de haute activité, après retour à froid des combustibles. Pour obtenir un plus grand nombre d’informations sur des zones d’intérêt étendues, ou sur un tronçon de crayon avant refabrication pour ré-irradiation en réacteur expérimental, un moyen de caractérisation non destructif de l’interface pastille-gaine est nécessaire. C'est dans ce contexte que l'Institut d'Electronique et des Systèmes UMR CNRS 5214 de l'Université de Montpellier développe, dans le cadre d'une collaboration avec le Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, et en partenariat avec EDF et Framatome, un microscope acoustique adapté aux géométries cylindriques. Le travail mené au cours de cette thèse inclut la conception et l’adaptation d’une tête de mesure sur un banc prototype et la démonstration de la faisabilité de l’acquisition d’images haute résolution (quelques dizaines de microns) sur tubes de gaine, l’enjeu étant de conserver la focalisation sur l’ensemble des zones imagées sur un même tube de diamètre externe de l’ordre de 10 mm et de longueur de 100 à 500 mm. La difficulté à reproduire les conditions de contact pastille-gaine en laboratoire ont orienté le choix des échantillons simulants, élaborés à partir de tubes de gaine avec ou sans zircone et chargés localement de colle. Les acquisitions réalisées sur ces échantillons simulants montrent la capacité de la méthode à détecter les changements de structure de la surface interne de la gaine. La mesure est ainsi sensible à la présence d’une couche de zircone interne d’épaisseur de 10 $mu$m, et à la présence de matériau adhérent à l’intérieur du tube. Ces résultats montrent l’intérêt de poursuivre ces études, pour améliorer grâce à du traitement du signal l’interprétation des images avec pour objectif final l’adaptation de la méthode et sa qualification sur un banc sur crayon irradié. / Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel rods are made of ceramic pellets (UO2,(U,Pu)O2 or gadolinium fuel) assembled in a zirconium alloy cladding tube. By design, an initial gap, filled with helium, exists between these two elements. However during irradiation this gap decreases gradually, on the one hand, owing to a variation in cladding diameter, due to creepdown caused by pressure from the coolant, and, on the other hand, increased pellet diameter, due to thermal expansion, and swelling. In hot conditions, during the second or third cycle of irradiation, the pellet/cladding gap is closed. However, during the return to cooler conditions, the gap can reopen. At a high burnup (generally beyond the 3rd cycle of irradiation) an inner zirconia layer of the order of 10 to 15 $mu$m is developed by oxidation leading to a chemical bonding between the pellet and the cladding. This bonding layer may contribute to a non-reopening of the pellet-cladding gap.Currently, only destructive examinations, after cutting fuel rods, allow the visualization of this area, however, they require a preliminary preparation of the samples in a hot cell. This limits the number of tests and measurements on the fuel rods. In this context, the Institute of Electronic and Systems of Montpellier University (IES - UMR CNRS 5214), in collaboration with the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Electricité de France (EDF) and Framatome, is developing a high frequency acoustic microscope adapted to the control and imaging of the pellet/cladding interface by taking into account the complexity of the structure's cladding which has a tubular form. Because the geometrical, chemical and mechanical nature of the contact interface is neither axially nor radially homogeneous, the ultrasonic system must allow the acquisition of 2D images of this interface by means of controlled displacements of the sample rod along both its axis and its circumference. The final objective of the designed acoustic microscope is to be introduced in hot cells.

O Brasil, no mercado mundial, ocupa lugar de destaque na extração e comercialização das rochas ornamentais e de revestimento, demonstrado pela produção mensal de chapas que é da ordem de 4 milhões de metros quadrados. Dentre suas as diversas formas de aplicações na construção civil, observa-se um incremento do uso em revestimentos de fachadas de edifícios, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos. A forma de fixação das placas nas fachadas dos edifícios é feita com o auxílio de inserts metálicos, técnica desenvolvida na Alemanha e nos Estados Unidos. O presente trabalho trata da especificação e normatização das rochas ornamentais e, no caso específico dos revestimentos de fachadas, são apresentados diversos aspectos da seleção das placas de rocha e dos inserts metálicos e também o cálculo estrutural de um sistema de revestimento / Brazil procedures more than 4 million 'M POT.2'/month of dimension stones panels. Façades applications increases in last years. The stone façades cladding is accomplished with the use of metallic anchor, that was developed in German and U.S.A. The present work presents the requirements for selection of the stones and the anchor system, a methodology for the calculation of the stone and the anchor and main aspects of standardization regarding dimension stone

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito dos rejuntes para revestimento cerâmico. A nomenclatura internacional é explorada e os tipos de rejunte e seus empregos são enumerados. Para embasar o leitor sobre o reves-timento cerâmico, os principais conceitos a ele relacionados são exibidos de forma sucinta. Uma vez que o rejunte é um componente importante do revestimento ce-râmico, suas funções dentro desse subsistema são abordadas em detalhes. O as-pecto de alívio de tensões é amplamente comentado, uma vez que essa é uma função essencial do rejunte, particularmente no caso de fachadas. Ao final, são abordados os aspectos de preparo e aplicação dos rejuntes, particularmente os produtos cimentícios. O rejuntamento de locais específicos, como encontros com selantes e interfaces com aparelhos sanitários são detalha-dos com vistas à diminuição da ocorrência de manifestações patológicas futuras. No trabalho experimental, painéis em forma de laje revestidos com placas cerâmicas são submetidos à flexão até a ocorrência de desplacamento, objeti-vando detectar qual a influência da largura da junta e do tipo de argamassa ade-siva na ruptura do corpo-de-prova. Os resultados indicam que a largura das juntas de assentamento assumem importância apenas quando a argamassa adesiva apresenta alta resistência de aderência. / This study presents a bibliographical revision regarding the ceramic tile grouts. Here, the international nomenclature is explored and the types of grouts as well as its employments are enumerated. To base the reader on the ceramic tile cladding, its main concepts are shown succinctly. Being the grout an important component of the ceramic tile cladding, its functions in this subsystem are broached in details. The aspect of stress relief is widely mentioned, for this is an essential function of grout, particularly in the case of facades. In the end, the aspects of the preparation and the application of grouts are broached, particularly the cementitious products. The grouting of specific places such as meetings of sealants and interfaces with sanitary devices is detailed viewing the decrease of the occurrence of future problems. In the experimental study, panels in flagstone form tiled with ceramic plates are submitted to flexion until the occurrence of rupture of these panels, aiming to detect the influence of the joint thickness and of the type of the adhesive mortar in the rupture of the sample. The results indicate that the nesting joint thickness only assumes importance when the adhesive mortar presents high resistance of adherence.

Devido à demanda de aumento de produtividade na indústria, a utilização de materiais mais leves, busca por processos de reparos com melhor custo, em conjunto com o avanço das tecnologias, evolução dos processos de soldagem, e esses fatores aliados aos benefícios de uma maior taxa de fusão, melhor controle da penetração, faz com que o processo MIG/MAG com polaridade variável apresente consideráveis avanços tecnológicos nos dias de hoje. Porém, a seleção dos parâmetros da curva típica de corrente do processo (composta por corrente de pico, corrente de base positiva e corrente negativa), é ainda um desafio. Buscando um melhor entendimento da influência da polaridade negativa no processo de soldagem, em especial para aplicações de revestimento, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os parâmetros da polaridade negativa individualmente em relação a geometria do cordão de solda, utilizando aço ao carbono como metal base e aço inoxidável como metal de adição. O planejamento e execução do experimento foi realizado com base na metodologia de projeto de experimentos Box-Behnken, variando três fatores: tempo de corrente negativa, intensidade de corrente negativa e tempo de corrente de base positiva, em três níveis cada um. Primeiramente alcançou-se a minimização da diluição, onde o tempo de corrente negativa apresentou efeito significativo no resultado final, sendo seu nível máximo (15 ms) o responsável pelos menores valores de diluição, aproximadamente 12%, recomendado em soldagem para revestimento. Posteriormente, foi avaliado o efeito dos parâmetros em relação à penetração, altura e largura do cordão de solda, sendo o tempo de corrente negativa em 15 ms e corrente negativa em -150 A os níveis que apresentaram melhores resultados. Após, os parâmetros da polaridade negativa utilizados foram comparados com os termos proporcionais sugeridos pela literatura (%EN). E, por fim, avaliou-se uma forma de curva de corrente sem a corrente de base positiva, onde foi concluído que não há significância das diferentes formas de curva de corrente sobre os resultados na penetração do cordão de solda, assim como a necessidade da corrente de base na estabilidade do arco elétrico do processo. / Due to the demand to increase productivity in the industry, use lighter materials, search for repair processes with better cost, in combination with advancement of technologies, evolution of welding processes, connected with the benefits of a higher melting rate and better control of the process penetration, it was possible to verify advances in the MIG / MAG Variable Polarity welding technique. However, the selection of the parameters of the typical process current curve (composed by peak current, positive current and negative current), is still a challenge today. The aim of this work is to analyze the negative polarity parameters individually in relation to the weld bead geometry, using carbon steel as base metal and stainless steel as addition metal. The planning and execution of the experiment was performed based on the Box-Behnken design methodology, varying three factors: negative current time, negative current intensity and positive base current time, at three levels each one. Firstly, dilution minimization was achieved, which showed that the negative current time had a strong influence on the final result, and the maximum level (15 ms) was responsible for the lowest dilution values, nearby 12%, ideal for welding cladding. Then, the parameters were evaluated in relation to penetration, height and width of the weld bead, which for welding cladding, the negative current time 15 ms and negative current -150 A presented better results. Next, the negative polarity parameters were compared with the proportional terms suggested by the literature (%EN). Finally, a form of current curve without positive base current was evaluated, where it can be concluded that the current curve form does not have significance on the penetration results, as well as the necessity of the base current in the arc electric stability.

L'objectif de la thèse était de synthétiser des tubes de SiC monolithiques pour améliorer l'étanchéité de la structure composite SiC/SiC d'une gaine de combustible nucléaire. Des revêtements tubulaires de 8 mm de diamètre et quelques centaines de micromètres d'épaisseur ont été produits par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur à pression atmosphérique à partir d'un mélange CH3SiHCl2/H2. Le procédé a été développé de manière à réaliser en continu des tubes de SiC de plusieurs dizaines de centimètres de long. La composition chimique et la microstructure des tubes ont été déterminées par microsonde de Castaing, spectroscopie Raman, DRX et microscopie électronique (MEB, MET). Les propriétés mécaniques des tubes ont été caractérisées par nanoindentation et à travers des essais de compression C-ring. Le comportement thermomécanique a également été étudié. L'étude du procédé comprend une étude thermocinétique, un suivi de la phase gazeuse par IRTF et la modélisation 2D du réacteur. / The goal of this study was to synthesize monolithic SiC tubes to improve sealing of the SiC / SiC composite of a nuclear fuel cladding structure. Tubes of 8 mm inner diameter and several hundred micrometers in thickness have been produced by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) from a mixture CH3SiHCl2/H2. The method has been developed so as to produce continuous SiC tubes of up to thirty centimeters long. The chemical composition and microstructure of the tubes were determined by microprobe, Raman spectroscopy, XRD and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). The mechanical properties of the tubes were characterized by nanoindentation tests and through compression C -ring . The thermomechanical behavior was also studied. The method includes consideration of a thermokinetic study , followed by a gas phase analysis by IRTF and 2D modeling of the reactor.

This thesis reveals the tribological mechanisms behind the intrinsic low friction potential of the Co-based family of alloys called Stellites. Although being an established and important group of materials, a satisfactory explanation to why they exhibit low-friction properties under severe sliding conditions has not previously been found in the literature. The main part of this thesis is dedicated to the clarification of the tribological performance of Stellites in highly loaded sliding contact. The results should assist the development of Co-free alternatives, suitable for replacing Stellites in nuclear applications. Owing to their beneficial properties they are today the most commonly used material in the sealing surfaces on gate valves in the primary circuits of boiling water reactors (BWR). The underlying reason for the replacement in the nuclear applications is an undesired contribution to the background radiation level, originating from the Co in the Stellite surfaces. The Stellites mainly consist of Cr-rich carbides in a solid solution dominated by Co. The commonly used Stellite 6 and Stellite 21 were chosen as primary test materials and applied by laser cladding, providing a metallically bonded clad layer with a fine dendritic microstructure. By combining information from a series of dedicated tribological tests and modern high-resolution analysis instruments (e.g. SEM, XRD and TEM) available at the Ångström Laboratory at Uppsala University, the following conclusions can be made regarding the tribological performance of Stellites under high load sliding. Mechanisms. The (tested) Stellites form a thick deformation hardened layer, topped with a superficial easily sheared layer of hcp basal planes aligned parallel to the worn surface. The easy-shear layer is continually regenerated, replacing worn off material. Technical benefits. The Stellites offer low-friction properties thanks to their easily sheared surface layers. The risk of severe galling is also avoided by restricting shear and adhesive transfer to very thin superficial layers. In closed sliding contacts, self-generated protective layers formed by re-deposition of wear fragments are also offered.

Interfaces, joints and connections between different elements or sections cause more problems than most of the rest of the building. There are challenges during design, manufacture and construction as well as implications throughout the life of the building. These challenges are particularly relevant for the building envelope. Here the joints must perform at the same level as the main areas of wall or roof, but the pressures on them are invariably much greater. They must keep out the weather but, at the same time, accommodate tolerances. and inaccuracies and cater for movements both during construction and for as long as the building lasts. Managing construction interfaces is an important part of delivering a construction project without time delays or cost additions. However the lack of written publications on how to manage interfaces within construction is a problem discovered by the author very early in the research. Therefore the main aim of the research was; to improve the management of interfaces within the construction industry, with particular reference to interfaces within the building facade. The research was based on an EPSRC funded project entitled CladdISS "A standardised strategy for window and cladding interfaces". The methodology included industrial workshops, interviews, regular steering group meetings and a questionnaire. The strategy proposed to increase productivity, quality, reduce waste and reduce costs in design, manufacture, installation, and the building life cycle. The research highlighted a wide range of interrelated problems. However, the two main issues were: Poor communication between the design team and specialist contractors and poor interface detailing. The following situations typically exist: The interface responsibility is assigned too late if at all; the term 'by others' often leads to the interfaces being poorly managed; the design team does not have a good enough understanding of the construction and manufacturing tolerances of materials at the interfaces; often the design team does not have appropriate understanding of the cladding system they are designing; the specialist cladding contractors do not have enough input to the design of the cladding and interfaces early enough. Using the CladdISS strategy will enable the supply chain to be organised and provide a template for effective interface management.