Over the past decade, the development of macromolecular drugs based on peptides, proteins and nucleic acids has increased the interest in microparticulate drug delivery, i.e., the delivery of drug systems in the nanometer and micrometer ranges. However, little is known so far about the effect that microparticulate systems have on various tissues after administration. Additionally, the knowledge of mechanisms responsible for the uptake and transport of microparticles across the human intestine is incomplete and requires further investigation to improve both the safety profiles and the efficiency of these drug delivery systems. This thesis is comprised of two parts. The first one investigates gene expression responses obtained from DNA arrays in local and distal tissues after microparticulate drug delivery. The second part focuses on the mechanisms responsible for the transport of microparticles across epithelial cells lining the intestine. The results presented in the first part demonstrated that gene expression analysis offers a detailed picture of the tissue responses after intramuscular or pulmonary administration of microparticulate drug delivery systems compared to the traditional techniques used for such evaluations. In addition, DNA arrays provided a useful and sensitive tool for the initial characterization and evaluation of both local and distal tissue responses, making it possible to distinguish between gene expression patterns related to each studied delivery system. The results presented in the second part demonstrated that the surface properties of the microparticle were important for the extent of transport across an in vitro model of the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), comprised of intestinal epithelial cells specialized in particle transport (M cells). Another important finding was that the enteropathogen bacterium, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, induced microparticle transport across the normal intestinal epithelium, represented by Caco-2 cells and excised human ileal tissue. This transport was most probably mediated by an increased capacity for macropinocytosis in the epithelial cells.

Drug transport across the intestinal epithelium is roughly predicted from permeability values obtained from Caco-2 cell monolayers. This thesis examines the important role of pH and extracellular additives for increasing the reliability and predictivity of the in vitro screening system, Caco-2. It was shown that the passive transport of ionizable compounds may be biased by a false efflux or uptake component, when applying a physiological pH-gradient across the membrane. pH also affected the amount of compound available at the transporter-binding site. Therefore, pH dependence should be considered in studies of such compounds and of drug-drug interactions involving efflux transporters. It was also shown that proton-dependent apical uptake or basolateral efflux should be studied both with and without a pH gradient over the whole monolayers. The two extracellular additives, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the solubilizing agent, Cremophor® EL, also influenced Caco-2 permeabilities. BSA applied to the receiver side increases, and to the donor side decreases drug permeation according to the drug’s protein binding capacity. Thus, the absorptive transport for both passive and active compounds is favoured, giving a physiologically sound improvement of the Caco-2 cell model. Inclusion of BSA increased both the predictivity and quality of permeability studies, particularly of highly lipophilic, BCS class II compounds. Passive and active transport processes could also be distinguished after accounting for unbound concentrations. The overall effect of Cremophor® EL on the permeability to a drug was compound-specific and probably dependent on micellar incorporation. Cremophor® EL can therefore not be recommended. Neither pH nor BSA affect the functionality of transporters such as P-glycoprotein. However, efflux ratios of ionizable or protein bound drugs are altered in the presence of a pH-gradient or BSA, indicating that an experimental system without protein or pH gradient can over- or underestimate active and passive efflux in drug transport.

Le développement de méthodes in vitro fiables et prédictives représente à l’heure actuelle un véritable défi. En effet, la demande en méthodes alternatives à l’expérimentation animale n’a cessé de croître ces dernières années du fait de la mise en place de législations limitant par considérations éthiques l’utilisation de ces modèles in vivo. De plus, ce besoin a été renforcé par le règlement européen REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) imposant aux industriels de valider l’innocuité de nombreuses substances déjà commercialisées. Toutefois, les modèles in vitro classiques consistant en la culture simple de cellules en monocouche dans des boîtes de Petri ne permettent pas de conserver les propriétés initiales de ces cellules et de retranscrire les conditions et l’environnement cellulaire des organes in vivo. Le développement de méthodes alternatives in vitro prédictives s’avèrent donc crucial en particulier pour mimer le fonctionnement de deux organes : l’intestin et le foie. En effet, ces deux organes sont largement impliqués dans les processus d’Absorption, Distribution, Métabolisme et Excrétion (ADME) de la plupart des xénobiotiques ingérés. C’est pour ces raisons que nous avons testé la faisabilité de l’une de ces méthodes in vitro alternative permettant d’associer une barrière intestinale à la culture dynamique de cellules hépatiques au sein de microsystèmes dans le cadre de ce doctorat. Cette coculture est effectuée au sein du dispositif appelé IIDMP (Integrated Insert in a Dynamic Microfluidic Platform). Nous avons décidé de tester d’une part l’influence de la culture dynamique et d’autre part d’éventuelles interactions entre les cellules intestinales et hépatiques sur la fonctionnalité et l’activité métabolique de ces deux types cellulaires. Les résultats obtenus durant ce doctorat ont permis d’atteindre 4 objectifs :- Développer un dispositif fiable en termes de fonctionnalité (fluidique, robustesse…).- Mettre en évidence l’innocuité du dispositif lorsque des cellules de lignée et primaires y étaient cultivées.- Démontrer les avantages de l’utilisation de ce dispositif comparativement à l’utilisation de modèles classiques in vitro, en particulier avec des cellules de lignée.- Démontrer que l’utilisation de ce dispositif permettait de mettre en évidence des phénomènes d’interactions entre cellules intestinales et hépatiques notamment sur l’activité du CYP1A2 des hépatocytes qu’ils soient issus d’une lignée ou de cultures primaires. / The development of reliable and predictive in vitro methods is a real challenge. Indeed, the demand for alternative methods to animal experimentation has been growing in recent years due to the introduction of legislation limiting the use of these models in vivo by ethical considerations. Moreover, this need was amplified by regulations such as the European REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) requiring the safety validation of many substances. However, the conventional in vitro model consisting in a simple cell culture monolayer in Petri dishes does not preserve the initial properties of these cells and does not mimic the conditions of the cellular environment and organs in vivo. The development of alternative in vitro predictive methods is crucial especially to mimic the working of two organs: the intestine and liver. Indeed, these two organs are involved in the process of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) of most xenobiotics ingested.We propose in this thesis to test the feasibility of one of these in vitro alternative methods allowing the association between an intestinal barrier and the dynamic culture of hepatic cells in microsystems in a device called IIDMP (Integrated Dynamic Insert in a Microfluidic Platform). We tested the influence of the flow of culture and possible interactions between intestinal and liver cells on the function and metabolic activity of these two cell types.Then, we demonstrated that : - This device is reliable in terms of global functionality (fluid, robustness ...).- This device did not injury the integrity of the cell line and primary cells.- The use of this device has many advantages when compared with the use of conventional in vitro models, especially with cells line.- The use of this device highlights phenomena of interaction between hepatic and intestinal cells as an increase of the CYP1A2 activity of HepG2 C3A and human primary hepatocytes.

Untersuchungen zur Rolle des oberen Gastrointestinaltraktes in der Verwertung von Milcholigosacchariden: Verdauung und Transport. In Bezug auf den Gehalt (5-8 g/l) und des komplexen Musters an auf Lactose basierenden Oligosacchariden ist die humane Milch einzigartig unter den Säugetieren. Bisher ist nur sehr wenig über die Funktion von Frauenmilcholigosacchariden (FMO) bekannt. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Verdaubarkeit von FMO durch Glycosidasen des oberen Gastrointestinaltraktes und eines magenähnlichen pH-Wertes sowie deren Transport untersucht. Während einer 2 h Inkubation von FMO mit humaner Speichelamylase sowie Pankreasamylase des Schweins wurden die Oligosaccharide nicht angegriffen. Auch konnten keine Auswirkungen eines pH von 2,5 auf die Struktur neutraler FMO nachgewiesen werden. Im Gegensatz hierzu führte dieser bei sauren, d.h. sialylierten Komponenten, zu einer minimalen Abspaltung von Sialinsäure. Da isolierte Disaccharidasen aus dem humanen Dünndarm nicht verfügbar waren, wurden Bürstensaummembran-Vesikel (BBMV) aus dem des Schweines verwendet. Während einer 24 h Inkubation von FMO mit BBMV wurden minimale Mengen an nicht fucosylierten und/oder sialylierten Oligosacchariden angegriffen. Hierbei wurden Glucose, Lacto-N-Triose und Lactose freigesetzt. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse wurden Transportstudien an Caco-2-Zellen durchgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß nur für neutrale FMO ein gerichteter Flux über das Monolayer vorlag, nicht aber für saure Komponenten. Dieser gerichtete Flux ging bei 15 °C verloren, was auf einen endocytotischen Transport der neutralen Oligosaccharide hindeutet. Der Flux über das Monolayer betrug ca. 2% der apikal angebotenen FMO. Mittels HPLC-MS, unter Verwendung einer Hypercarbsäule, analysierte intrazelluläre Fraktionen zeigten eine gerichtete Aufnahme von neutralen FMO, wohingegen keine sialylierten Oligosaccharide nachweisbar waren. Nach Gabe von Brefeldin A, einem Inhibitor des endocytotischen Transportes, kam es zu einer Anreicherung des intrazellulären Gehaltes an neutralen FMO sowie einer Abnahme des transepithelialen Fluxes, so daß für diese Komponenten ein endocytotischer Transport postuliert werden kann. Die Aufnahme in die Zelle unterlag für Lacto-N-Tetraose einer Sättigung mit einem Km von 1,4 mmol/l und Vmax von 18,5 nm

No description available.

M. Tech. (Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Obesity has steadily increased and represents a major public health problem worldwide, reducing quality of life and causing a range of health problems. Obesity has emerged as the fifth leading risk of global deaths. Annually, 2.8 million adults die as a result of being overweight or obese. The increase of obesity remains inexplicable in terms of genetic susceptibility to obesity. The genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) explains about 2% of the heritability for obesity. Perhaps other factors such as epigenetics may be involved in the increase of obesity and may offer solutions for the management of obesity. Epigenetics is defined as a heritable change in gene expression without altering the genome sequences. It may help in providing a logical explanation between the genome and environment which shapes obesity risk and may help to explain the "missing heritability". Epigenetics may affect two mechanisms, namely: i) DNA methylation,and ii) histone modifications. DNA methylation might give scientists a link to the rise in obesity.The study aimed to investigate the effect of sugars used as sweeteners in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) on DNA methylation in a Caco-2 cell line in vitro. Four major objectives were pursued in the study which were to:(1) stimulate the Caco-2 cells with varying concentrations of sugar sweeteners and assess the morphological changes of the cells; (2) evaluate the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of the sugar sweetener on the Caco-2 cell line using the Alamar blue and LDH assay; (3) obtain genomic DNA from the treated Caco-2 cell line and perform bisulfite conversion and rest; and (4) amplify the WT1, MEG3, TNFRSF9, ATP10A, and CD44 obesity-associated genes and ascertain their degree of methylation. Caco-2 cells were stimulated with sugar sweeteners at varying concentrations (low, medium and high) for an incubation period of 62 days,and images of the cells were captured for morphological characterisation. The incubation condition entailed cells plated in a 12 or 96 well plate, incubated in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator at 37 °C and there is nutrient renewal every three days.Alamar blue, a cell proliferation colourimetric assay and lactate dehydrogenase assays (LDH), a homogenous membrane fluorimetric assay were used for the cytotoxicity studies. The results of the characterisation showed that different concentrations of sugar sweeteners affected the morphology of the cells as the incubation period progressed. The cytotoxicity results of both LDH and Alamar blue depicted low concentration of sweeteners that had low-to-moderate toxicity and the medium and high concentration of the sweeteners had a moderate to high toxicity on the Caco-2 cells. DNA from the Caco-2 cells was extracted. Techniques used to study DNA methylation such as bisulfite conversion, PCR amplification and restriction enzymes that have differential sensitivity to 5-methyl-cytosine were performed. The quality of DNA extracted was good. The bisulfite conversion was conducted andno amplification was observed, as a contingency plan Normal PCR was performed to amplify the CpG islands, and there was amplification. In conclusion, the study showed that a low concentration of a sugar sweetener (fructose: glucose) used in beverages had low toxicity to the Caco-2 cell line and prolonged exposure of the low concentration might have an adverse effect on the cells' morphology. At medium concentrations, the sugar sweetener used in beverages had medium toxicity to Caco-2 cells; prolonged exposure may lead to morphological changes. These findings indicated that control of dietary glucose intake is an important strategy in combating the development of obesity and type-2 diabetes. DNA methylation could not be established.

No description available.

Tesis por compendio / [EN] A series of biochemical reactions responsible for aroma, color, texture and flavour of the final product occur during the dry-cured ham processing. Among these reactions, proteolysis of muscle proteins is one of the most important, resulting in the generation of a large amount of peptides which could be used as quality markers of dry-cured ham. In this sense, proteomic techniques based on mass spectrometry have become a fundamental tool for the identification of peptides naturally generated throughout the dry-cured ham processing. So, the present Thesis has been focused on the study of the intense degradation of three proteins present in dry-cured ham: LIM domain-binding protein 3, ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein and titin protein, identifying the peptide sequences generated at different times along the process and evaluating their potential as markers of dry-cured ham processing time. Moreover, peptide oxidation that occurs during dry-curing process has been studied due to its importance on final quality of dry-cured ham as well as its influence on the nutrititional and sensory characteristics, showing oxidation of methionine residues in numerous peptides generated from the degradation of the major myofibrillar proteins. Besides the identification of peptidic sequences, recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques have allowed the precise quantitation of proteins in complex mixtures. So, a label-free methodology has been optimized for the relative quantitation of major sarcoplasmic proteins from the quantitation of the generated peptides and the study of the proteolytic degradation along the dry-cured ham processing. This methodology represents an advance regarding quantitative methods used to date as it allows a simple, accurate and reliable evaluation of changes in the abundance of proteins throughout the dry-cured ham processing. Several recent studies have been focused on the study of the potential of dry-cured ham as a source of bioactive peptides, mainly those showing angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. However, it is not clear whether these peptides are able to cross the intestinal barrier and reach the blood stream in an active form. Thus, in the present Thesis the transepithelial transport of dry-cured ham peptides having ACE inhibitory activity has been simulated through a Caco-2 cell monolayer, showing the absorption of intact peptides or fragments generated by the action of intestinal peptidases, which could exert an in vivo antihypertensive effect. / [ES] Durante el proceso de elaboración del jamón curado tienen lugar una serie de reacciones bioquímicas responsables del aroma, color, textura y sabor del producto final. Entre estas reacciones destaca la intensa proteolisis de las proteínas musculares, cuyo resultado es la generación de una gran cantidad de péptidos algunos de los cuales podrían ser utilizados como marcadores de calidad del jamón. En este sentido, las técnicas proteómicas basadas en espectrometría de masas son una herramienta fundamental para la identificación de los péptidos generados de manera natural a lo largo de proceso de elaboración del jamón curado. Así, la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha centrado en estudiar la intensa degradación de tres proteínas presentes en el jamón: la proteína 3 de unión al dominio LIM, la proteína ribosomal ubiquitina-60S y la proteína titina, identificando las secuencias de los péptidos generados a distintos tiempos durante el proceso y evaluando su potencial como marcadores del tiempo de curado del jamón. Además, se han estudiado los cambios oxidativos a nivel peptídico que tienen lugar durante el proceso de curado del jamón, cuya importancia radica en su efecto sobre la calidad y las características tanto nutricionales como sensoriales del producto final, evidenciando la oxidación del aminoácido metionina en numerosos péptidos generados a partir de las principales proteínas miofibrilares. Además de la identificación de las secuencias peptídicas, los recientes avances en técnicas de espectrometría de masas han permitido la cuantificación precisa de proteínas en muestras complejas. Así, se ha optimizado un método sin marcaje ("label-free") para la cuantificación relativa de las principales proteínas sarcoplásmicas a partir de la cuantificación de los péptidos generados y de esta forma estudiar la degradación proteolítica durante el proceso de elaboración del jamón curado. Esta metodología supone un avance respecto a los métodos cuantitativos utilizados hasta el momento ya que permite evaluar de manera sencilla, precisa y fiable los cambios en la abundancia de proteínas a lo largo del proceso de elaboración del jamón curado. Varios estudios recientes se han centrado en estudiar el potencial del jamón curado como fuente de péptidos bioactivos, principalmente aquellos que son inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina I (ECA). Sin embargo, no se conoce si estos péptidos son capaces de atravesar la barrera intestinal y alcanzar la corriente sanguínea en forma activa. Por ello, en la presente Tesis Doctoral se ha simulado el transporte intestinal mediante la utilización de células Caco-2 de péptidos del jamón inhibidores de la ECA, evidenciado la absorción de péptidos enteros, o fragmentos de los mismos generados por acción de las peptidasas intestinales, que podrían ejercer un efecto antihipertensivo in vivo. / [CA] Al llarg del procés d'elaboració del pernil curat tenen lloc una sèrie de reaccions bioquímiques responsables de l'aroma, color, textura i sabor del producte final. Entre aquestes reaccions destaca la intensa proteolisis de les proteïnes musculars, el resultat de la qual és la generació d'una gran quantitat de pèptids alguns dels quals podrien ser utilitzats com a marcadors de qualitat del pernil. En aquest sentit, les tècniques proteòmiques basades en espectrometria de masses són una ferramenta fonamental per a la identificació dels pèptids generats de manera natural al llarg de procés d'elaboració del pernil curat. Així, la present Tesi Doctoral s'ha centrat a estudiar la intensa degradació de tres proteïnes presents en el pernil: la proteïna 3 d'unió al domini LIM, la proteïna ribosomal ubiquitina-60S i la proteïna titina, identificant les seqüències dels pèptids generats a distints temps al llarg del procés i avaluant el seu potencial com a marcadors del temps de curat del pernil. A més, s'han estudiat els canvis oxidatius a nivell peptídic que tenen lloc durant el procés de curat del pernil, la importància dels quals radica en el seu efecte sobre la qualitat i les característiques tant nutricionals com sensorials del producte final, evidenciant l'oxidació de l'aminoàcid metionina en nombrosos pèptids generats a partir de les principals proteïnes miofibrilars. A més de la identificació de les seqüències peptídiques, els recents avanços en tècniques d'espectrometria de masses han permés la quantificació precisa de proteïnes en mostres complexes. Així, s'ha optimitzat un mètode sense marcatge ("label-free") per a la quantificació relativa de les principals proteïnes sarcoplàsmiques a partir de la quantificació dels pèptids generats i d'esta manera estudiar la degradació proteolítica durant el procés d'elaboració del pernil curat. Esta metodologia suposa un avanç respecte als mètodes quantitatius utilitzats fins al moment ja que permet avaluar de manera senzilla, precisa i fiable els canvis en l'abundància de proteïnes al llarg del procés d'elaboració del pernil curat. Diversos estudis recents s'han centrat en estudiar el potencial del pernil curat com a font de pèptids bioactius, principalment aquells que són inhibidors de l'enzim convertidor d'angiotensina I (ECA). No obstant això, no es coneix si aquests pèptids són capaços de travessar la barrera intestinal i arrivar al corrent sanguini en forma activa. Per això, en la present Tesi Doctoral s'ha simulat el transport intestinal mitjançant l'utilització de cèl·lules Caco-2 amb pèptids del pernil inhibidors de l'ECA, evidenciant l'absorció de pèptids sencers, o fragments generats per acció de les peptidases intestinals, que podrien exercir un efecte antihipertensiu in vivo. / Gallego Ibáñez, M. (2015). PÉPTIDOS GENERADOS EN JAMÓN CURADO COMO MARCADORES DE CALIDAD [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/55506 / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio

Le diabète de type 2 et l'obésité sont des problèmes de santé majeurs et les peuples autochtones sont particulièrement à risque. Pour remédier à ce problème largement répandu dans les populations autochtones canadiennes pour qui la médication moderne n’est pas culturellement adaptée, notre équipe s’est donné comme objectif d’étudier les activités potentielles antidiabétique et anti-obésité de la pharmacopée traditionnelle des Cris de la Baie James. Le but de cette étude est de tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle certaines plantes médicinales pourraient inhiber l'absorption intestinale du glucose, une activité anti-hyperglycémique qui, par la même occasion, contribuerait à combattre l’obésité. Les extraits éthanoliques de dix-sept plantes médicinales de la forêt boréale ont été testés dans des cellules intestinales Caco-2 et comparés à l’effet d’inhibiteurs compétitifs connus, tels que la phlorizine et la phlorétine. Ces inhibiteurs sont des composés polyphénoliques qui partagent de nombreuses caractéristiques structurelles avec des constituants moléculaires de plusieurs plantes Cri. Les résultats démontrent que treize des dix-sept extraits de plantes ont inhibé de façon significative l'absorption intestinale du 3H-D-glucose. Pour valider ces effets in vivo, quatre extraits ont été administrés à des rats Wistar par gavage intragastrique (250 mg/kg) en même temps qu’un bolus de glucose (3 g/kg). Suite à ce gavage, deux de ces extraits ont restreint l’augmentation de la glycémie d'environ 40% par rapport à un contrôle sans extrait. Ces résultats indiquent qu’une inhibition compétitive de l'absorption intestinale du glucose peut être atteinte par des extraits bruts de plantes médicinales. La prise de ces plantes durant les repas aiderait à un meilleur contrôle post-prandial de la glycémie, particulièrement chez les personnes à risque. / Type II diabetes and obesity are major health problems worldwide and aboriginal peoples are particularly at risk. To address this problem in Canadian native populations for whom modern pharmaceuticals are culturally misadapted, our team is testing the traditional pharmacopeia of the James Bay Cree for anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activities. More specifically, the aim of the present study was to define the effects of traditional plants on intestinal glucose absorption, an under-appreciated anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-obesity activity. Crude ethanol extracts of seventeen Boreal forest medicinal plants were examined in the Caco-2 human enterocytic cell line and compared to the competitive classical inhibitors phlorizin and phloretin. It is worth noting that the latter compounds are polyphenols that share many structural characteristics with components of several Cree plants. Thirteen of seventeen extracts were observed to significantly inhibit uptake when administered simultaneously with 3H-deoxyglucose. Inhibition was dose-dependent and, in a few cases, even surpassed that induced by a combination of the positive controls. To validate these effects in-vivo, four plant extracts were administered by intragastric gavage at 250 mg/kg to normal rats simultaneously with a 3 g/kg bolus of glucose. This resulted in a decrease in peak glycaemia by approximately 40% for two of them. These findings indicate that competitive inhibition of facilitative intestinal glucose uptake can be achieved by crude extracts of medicinal plants. Intake of the latter with meals may help control post-prandial glycaemia and reduce caloric intake in high risk populations.

réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 / La physiopathologie du diabète de type II se caractérise par de sévères anomalies métaboliques telles que l’hyperglycémie et les dyslipidémies contribuant au développement des maladies cardiovasculaires. Une altération de l’activité de l’AMPK dans les tissus tels que le muscle squelettique et le foie est associée à ces désordres métaboliques alors que son activation pharmacologique permet de les rétablir. Toutefois, le complexe hétérotrimérique αβγ tissu-spécifique de l’AMPK confère une régulation et des rôles distincts qui demeurent inexplorés dans l’intestin, un organe favorisant pourtant l’augmentation de l’absorption des nutriments en situation de diabète de type II. La présente étude démontre une prépondérance du complexe α1β2γ1 de l’AMPK dans les cellules intestinales Caco-2 dont l’un des rôles de la sous-unité α1 est de réguler l’ACC, l’enzyme de synthèse des acides gras. Contrairement à l’AMPK exprimée dans le foie, elle ne régule pas l’HMG-CoA Réductase impliquée dans la synthèse du cholestérol. L’activation de l’AMPK mime l’effet de l’insuline en réduisant l’absorption intestinale du glucose et des lipides alors que son altération en situation d’insulino-résistance (e.g : induite par le 4-HHE dans un modèle cellulaire Caco-2 ou induite par la diète dans le modèle animal Psammomys obesus) favorise l’absorption du glucose et des lipides, ce qui exacerberait l’hyperglycémie et la dyslipidémie postprandiale associées au diabète de type II. L’AMPK au niveau intestinal constitue donc une cible thérapeutique potentielle complémentaire pour la prévention et le traitement du diabète de type II. / Physiopathology of type II Diabetes is characterized by severe metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia also implicated in development of cardiovascular diseases. Impaired AMPK activity in tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver is associated with these metabolic disorders whereas its pharmacologic activation is able to restore such abnormalities. Nevertheless, tissue-specific heterotrimeric αβγ AMPK likely confers distinct roles and regulation that remain unexplored in intestine, an organ promoting enhanced nutrients absorption in type II diabetes situation. This study demonstrates α1β2γ1 AMPK complex preponderance in intestinal Caco-2 cells whose α1 subunit role is to regulate ACC enzyme responsible of fatty acid synthesis. Unlike in the liver, AMPK doesn’t regulate HMG-CoA reductase enzyme implicated in cholesterol synthesis. AMPK activation mimics insulin effect by reducing intestinal glucose and lipids absorption whereas its alteration in insulin-resistance situation (e.g.: induced by 4-HHE in Caco-2 cell model or in Psammomys obesus animal model) enhances glucose and lipids absorption which could exacerbate postprandial hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia associated to type II diabetes. Thus, AMPK at the intestinal level could be a potential therapeutic target in prevention and treatment of type II diabetes.