There is an urgency within the building sector to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. An increased proportion of biobased building materials in construction is a potential measure to reduce these emissions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has often been applied to compare the climate impact from biobased materials with that from e.g. mineral based materials, mostly favouring biobased materials. Contradicting results have however been reported due to differences in methodology, as there is not yet consensus regarding certain aspects. The aim of this thesis is to study the implications from non-traditional practices in climate impact assessment of timber buildings, and to discuss the shortcomings of current practices when assessing such products and comparing them with non-renewable alternatives. The traditional practices for climate impact assessment of biobased materials have been identified, and then applied to a case study of a building with different timber frame designs and an alternative building with a concrete frame. Then, non-traditional practices were explored by calculating climate impact results using alternative methods to handle certain methodological aspects, which have been found relevant for forest products in previous research such as the timing of emissions, biogenic emissions, carbon storage in the products, end-of-life substitution credits, soil carbon disturbances and change in albedo. These alternative practices and their implications were also studied for low-carbon buildings. The use of non-traditional practices can affect the climate impact assessment results of timber buildings, and to some extent the comparison with buildings with lower content of biobased building materials. This effect is especially evident for energy-efficient buildings. Current normal practices tend to account separately for forest-related carbon flows and aspects such as biogenic carbon emissions and sequestration or effects from carbon storage in the products, missing to capture the forest carbon cycle as a whole. Climate neutrality of wood-based construction materials seems like a valid assumption for studies which require methodological simplification, while other aspects such as end-of-life substitution credits, soil carbon disturbances or changes in albedo should be studied carefully due to their potentially high implications and the uncertainties around the methods used to account for them. If forest phenomena are to be included in LCA studies, a robust and complete model of the forest carbon cycle should be used. Another shortcoming is the lack of clear communication of the way some important aspects were handled. / <p>QC 20150310</p>

Background: Wetlands store significant amounts of carbon through plant respiration and anaerobic peat formation, however, there is little knowledge on which factors affect the carbon storage distribution within wetlands. Aims: To determine how much carbon and nitrogen wetlands can store over time and whether there are patterns of high and low carbon and nitrogen storage within wetlands. Methods: Peat samples of a defined volume, cut out from three constructed wetlands were dried, weighed and analysed for their carbon and nitrogen content. To determine whether there are any patterns in carbon and nitrogen storage distribution or differences between sampling points, their values as well as their ratios were statistically analysed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. Results: On average 48.94 t C ha-1is stored at the constructed wetland facility which equates 3.06 t C ha-1 storage per year. There is no patterns in carbon storage within wetlands, however, the C:N mass ratio is lower at the inlet suggesting that high N concentrations in inflowing water increases N content. Conclusions: The carbon storage found is significantly lower than storage at natural inland and coastal wetlands, however, similar to anthropogenically affected wetlands. Standardisation across studies through using same sampling depths, vegetation cover measurement and climate classification may help to uncover patterns in carbon storage in the future. Focus should be placed on protecting wetlands rather than restoring them as the latter often fails to restore full functionality. This is especially important for cold climate wetlands which store significantly more carbon through slower plant respiration and subsequently slower re-uptake of carbon.

Koldioxidhalterna stiger i världen, vilket bidrar till global uppvärmning. Skogen har en viktig roll i klimatarbetet då stora mängder kol finns lagrad i skog och mark. Speciellt mycket kol finns i boreal skog, som bland annat finns i norra Sverige. Idag pågår en debatt huruvida det är mer fördelaktigt att behålla gammal skog som kolsänka, eller avverka den för att ge plats åt yngre träd. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att ge en klargörande bild över hur åldern på boreal skog påverkar ekosystemets kolbalans, genom att undersöka skogens kolupptagningshastighet samt möjlighet till kollagring. Studien visade att äldre skog har ett större totalt kollager, att medelåldrig skog har högst tillväxthastighet (nettoekosystemproduktion, NEP och nettoprimärproduktion, NPP) samt att NEP är negativ de första 10 åren. Studien visade på osäkerhet kring kolupptag i gamla skogar. Flera variabler, såsom substitution, störningar och biologisk mångfald är inte undersökta i studien och behövs tas i beaktning vid beslutsfattande. Trots detta, antyder litteraturstudien att det är fördelaktigt att låta gammal skog stå kvar som kolsänka, eftersom koldioxidutsläppen behöver minska snarast. Ytterligare ett syfte med studien var att kartlägga de missuppfattningar elever, i senare delen av skolan, har gällande kolets kretslopp. Studien visade på missuppfattningar gällande fotosyntes och respiration hos växter, nedbrytarnas roll samt sammanblandning av begrepp. För att åtgärda problemet kan uppgifter göras där atomer följs över olika nivåer, för att sätta processerna i sitt sammanhang. Stort fokus gällande missuppfattningarna ligger på fotosyntes och respiration och inga artiklar hittades gällande exempelvis det snabba, respektive långsamma, kretsloppet. Få studier är gjorda på svenska elever och då svensk kursplan lägger fokus på samband mellan olika nivåer kan missuppfattningarna vara i annorlunda i Sverige. Hur missuppfattningarna ser ut i svensk skola är föremål för vidare forskning. / The amount of carbon dioxide is rising in the atmosphere, which contributes, to global warming. Since large amounts of carbon are stored in forests, forests play an important part the efforts to improve the environment. Boreal forests, found in e.g. the northern part of Sweden, store especially large amounts of carbon. Today it is being debated whether it is more beneficial for the environment to keep old forests as a carbon sink, or to cut them down in order to make room for younger trees. The purpose of this literature study was to clarify how the age of the forest affects the carbon balance of the ecosystem, by examining the forest’s rate of carbon sequestration and capability of carbon storage. The literature study concluded that older forests, in total, store larger amounts of carbon, while middle-aged forests have he highest growth rate (net ecosystem production, NEP, and gross primary production, GPP) and that NEP is negative in the first ten years. The study showed some uncertainty concerning carbon uptake in old forests. Several variables, such as the effects of substitution, disturbances and biodiversity were not examined in this study and need to be further considered before making decisions. However, the literature study suggests that it is more beneficial to leave old forests as a carbon sink, since emissions of carbon dioxide urgently need to be reduced. Another purpose of the study was to examine the misconceptions that students, in the later school years, have regarding the carbon cycle. This study found misconceptions concerning photosynthesis and respiration in plants, the role of decomposers, as well as getting concepts mixed up with one another. To solve this problem, assignments could be designed where atoms are traced between different levels, in order to put the processes in context. A large part of the focus regarding these misconceptions has been on photosynthesis and respiration and no articles were found regarding e.g. the fast; and the slow; carbon cycle. Few studies of Swedish students have been made and since the Swedish curriculum focuses on the relationship between different levels, the misconceptions might be different in Sweden; what these misconceptions could be in Swedish schools is yet to be investigated.

För klimatet spelar skogen en viktig roll eftersom den binder in koldioxid från atmosfären. Genom fotosyntes binds kolet in i biomassan och när organiskt material bryts ned bidrar det till kolinlagringar i marken. Idag finns det många studier om skogens kolinlagringar, men de undersöker endast nettoinbindningen av kolet i skogen och få studier visar hur mycket kol som totalt är inlagrat i en skog. Det finns inga studier om hur det ser ut i Sverige och det finns få studier som visar på skillnaden i kolinlagring mellan en produktionsskog och en urskog. I den här litteraturstudien presenterar jag hur mycket kol som är inbundet i den svenska skogen och hur det skiljer sig mellan produktionsskog och urskog. Genom att applicera data från en studie som undersökte hur mycket kol som är inbundet i skogen i Kanada på den svenska skogen kom jag fram till att det finns totalt mellan 5 413 och 6 798 miljoner ton kol inlagrat i den svenska skogen, men mer kol skulle kunna lagras. Medelåldern för när träd slutavverkas är i Sverige 101 år. Jag kom fram till att det lagras in ungefär 53 till 75 ton mer kol per hektar i en skog som är äldre än 140 år än i en skog som är mellan 101 och 120 år. Resultatet visar att det binds in mer kol i en urskog än i en produktionsskog och att det är viktigt att bevara de urskogar som idag finns för att kunna möta de klimatproblem vi står inför. / For the climate, the forest plays an important role because it binds carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Through photosynthesis, carbon is bound into the biomass and degradable organic material contributes to carbon storage in the soil. There are many studies on the forest carbon deposits, but they only examine the net binding of carbon, and few studies show how much carbon is stored in total. There are no studies on what carbon storage looks like in Sweden and few studies that show the difference in carbon storage between production forests and old-growth forests. In this literature study, I present how much carbon is bound in Swedish forests and how it differs between production forest and old-growth forest. By applying data from a study that examined how much carbon is bound in Canadian forests on Swedish forests, I concluded that there is a total of between 5 413 and 6 798 million tonnes of carbon stored in Swedish forests, but more carbon could be stored. In Sweden, the average age for when trees are felled is 101 years. I concluded that approximately between 53 and 75 tonnes more carbon per hectare is stored in a forest that is older than 140 years than in a forest that is between 101 and 120 years. The results show that more carbon is bound in an old-growth forest than in a production forest and that it is important to preserve the old-growth forests to reduce the climate problems we face.

No description available.

Sverige har som ambition att uppnå nettonollutsläpp av fossilt CO2 till år 2045. För att lyckas med detta ska landet minska sina utsläpp med 85%, samtidigt som så kallade kompletterande åtgärder kommer vidtas för att kompensera för resterande 15%. Denna studie utreder Sveriges arbete med negativa utsläpp som kompletterande åtgärd med fokus på teknikerna bio-energy for carbon capture and storage (Bio-CCS på svenska), Direct air capture for carbon capture and storage (DACCS) och biokol. Även carbon capture and storage (CCS), som kan bidra till att göra anläggningar CO2-neutrala, har studerats. Under arbetets gång har en litteraturstudie samt intervjuer med forskare, politiker, bransch- och företagsrepresentanter samt myndigheter genomförts.  För CCS och Bio-CCS, som innefattar avskiljning av CO2 från punktutsläpp, finns fyra olika avskiljningsstrategier som kallas post-, pre-, och oxyfuel combustion samt chemical looping. I fallet med DACCS tillämpas antingen absorption eller adsorption för att avskilja koldioxiden från atmosfären. Biokol produceras genom förbränning av biomassa i en pyrolysanläggning och kan sedan användas som jordförbättringsmedel och kolsänka. Det finns idag en inhemsk biokolsproduktion på kommersiell skala vilket gör att biokol skiljer sig från de övriga tre teknikerna som inte kommit lika långt i sin utveckling. Däremot finns det ett flertal pilotprojekt inom CCS och Bio-CCS i Sverige.  Sveriges väletablerade bioekonomi gör att det finns goda förutsättningar för biokol och Bio- CCS att bidra till negativa utsläpp ur ett 2045-perspektiv. DACCS anses däremot inte aktuellt som kompletterande åtgärd till år 2045. Efter intervjuer framgår att det råder en god samstämmighet mellan olika aktörer kring vilka faktorer som behöver behandlas för att implementera teknikerna. Gemensamt för alla tekniker är att det krävs ekonomiska incitament för att möjliggöra storskalig implementering. För CCS-teknikerna krävs även regulatoriska förändringar för att underlätta transporten av CO2. / Sweden's ambition is to achieve net zero emissions of fossil CO2 by the year 2045. To reach this target, Sweden aims to reduce its emissions by 85%, while so-called supplementary measures will be taken to compensate for the remaining 15%. This study investigates Sweden's work with negative emissions as a complementary measure with a focus on the technologies bio-energy for carbon capture and storage (Bio-CCS in Swedish), Direct air capture for carbon capture and storage (DACCS) and biochar. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), which can help make industrial plants CO2-neutral, has also been studied. During the project, a literature study and interviews with researchers, politicians, industry and company representatives as well as authorities were carried out, which formed the basis of the report.  For CCS and Bio-CCS, which include separation of CO2 from point source emissions, there are four different separation strategies called post-, pre-, and oxyfuel combustion as well as chemical looping. Among these, post combustion is highlighted as the most developed. In the case of DACCS, either absorption or adsorption is applied to separate CO2 from the atmosphere. CCS, Bio-CCS and DACCS all have in common that the captured CO2 must be stored in deep geological formations once it has been separated. Biochar is produced by heating biomass in a pyrolysis plant and can be used as a soil improver and carbon sink. Today Sweden has a domestic biochar production on a commercial scale, which means that biochar differs from the other three technologies that have yet to reach that stage of development. However, there are several pilot projects within Bio-CCS and CCS in Sweden.  Sweden's well-established bioeconomy means that the conditions are good for biochar and Bio-CCS to contribute to negative emissions in relation to the 2045 target. DACCS, on the other hand, is not considered relevant as a supplementary measure to the year 2045 due to its technical immaturity and high cost. From interviews with researchers, authorities, companies, industry organizations and politicians, it is clear that there is a consensus between the different actors on which factors need to be addressed in order to enable large-scale implementation of the technologies. Common to all technologies is that financial incentives are required to enable large-scale implementation. The CCS technologies also require regulatory changes to facilitate the transport of CO2.

The Mogale’s Gate Biodiversity Centre is a 3 060 ha reserve located within the Gauteng province. The area comprises grassland with woodland patches in valleys and lower-lying areas. To develop a scientifically based management plan a detailed vegetation study was undertaken to identify and describe the different ecosystems present. From a TWINSPAN classification twelve plant communities, which can be grouped into nine major communities, were identified. A classification and description of the plant communities, as well as, a management plan are presented. The area comprises 80% grassland and 20% woodland with 109 different plant families. The centre has a grazing capacity of 5.7 ha/LSU with a moderate to good veld condition. From the results of this study it is clear that the area makes a significant contribution towards carbon storage with a total of 0.520 tC/ha/yr stored in all the plant communities. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Management)

I denna avhandling studeras en ny teknik för att hantera växthuseffekten. Den nya tekniken heter koldioxidavskiljning och lagring (CCS) och granskades av FN:s klimatpanel 2005 och tillskrevs då möjligheterna att stå för 15-55% av alla CO2-reducering fram till 2100 och detta till en 30% lägre kostnad än vad som annars vore möjligt. EU är en framträdande pådrivare av CCS och för fram att växthuseffekten inte kan hanteras utan att CCS implementeras skyndsamt. CCS beskrivs i dessa sammanhang som en hållbar teknik. CCS är emellertid förbunden med långtidslagring, en betydande teknisk komplexitet och tillämpas främst på kolkraftverk. Storskaliga satsningar på CCS kan medföra att kolanvändningen ökar. Syftet med avhandlingen är att analysera de vetenskapliga och politiska ansträngningarna att visa att CCS är en eftersträvansvärd teknik för att hantera växthuseffekten. Utifrån perspektivet ekologisk modernisering och genom granskning av studier av vetenskapliga rapporter, artiklar i massmedia, politiska dokument och intervjuer genomförs studien. Scenerier och prognoser har en central funktion för att kunna påvisa att CCS är en eftersträvansvärd teknik. I flera av dessa scenarier framställs en närmast linjär teknikutveckling och flera betydelsefulla problem och hinder bortses från. CCS framstår som en teknik med stor teknisk och ekonomisk potential och i massmedia beskrivs CCS ofta som oumbärlig. En mer nyanserad bild framträder vid intervjuer med CCS-experter då fler osäkerheter och hinder lyfts fram. Förståelsen för varför denna teknik för stöd av många starka aktörer blir även tydligare. Den dominerande beskrivningen av CCS egenskaper och inverkan på energisystemen ligger i linje med det som är utmärkande för den ekologiska modernisering och således även för det dominerande sättet att bedriva energi- och klimatpolitik idag. / In this dissertation an emerging technology to manage climate change is studied. The technology is carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) and was reviewed by the IPCC in 2005. IPCC claims that CCS could contribute 15–55% to the cumulative mitigation effort worldwide until 2100 and reduce the costs of stabilizing CO2 concentrations by 30%. The EU promotes CCS and believes that climate change cannot be managed unless CCS is promptly implemented. In this context CCS is labelled as a sustainable technology. However CCS deals with long-term waste disposal, a significant technological complexity and is meant to be installed mainly in coal-fired power plants. Large scale implementation of CCS might lead to a rise in coal usage and concerns are raised this will impede the development of renewable energy. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the scientific and political efforts to show that CCS is a rational and viable solution to the climate change problems. The study is conducted from the perspective of ecological modernization and is undertaken through a review of scientific reports, mass media articles, political documents and interviews. Scenarios and prognoses have a central position in making a future of large-scale CCS implementation plausible: through the scenarios, a linear development trend is visualized in which technological and scientific problems are assumed to be solved as CCS is implemented. CCS is described as a technology with substantial potential and is in the mass media often pictured as indispensable. A more nuanced picture appears when analyzing interviews with CCS-experts. The understanding of why this technology is supported by several influential actors is deepened. The dominating description of CCS and impact on the energy systems is compatible to the characteristics of ecological modernization and thus also to the predominating way of practising energy and climate politics today.

L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'évaluer si l'amendement calco-magnésien de deux bassins versants acidifiés du massif vosgien (un sur grès et un sur granite) engendre des changements de la morphologie des humus, de l'abondance et de la diversité de la mésofaune, de la biomasse fongique, du stockage de carbone dans les horizons organiques 5 et 7 ans après l'amendement. Par ailleurs, nous avons effectué une étude dans des conditions contrôlées de laboratoire en utilisant des microcosmes contenant les horizons organiques du sol provenant de bassins versants acidifiés sur grès et sur granite afin d'évaluer les effets à court terme de l'amendement. Les résultats indiquent que les effets de l'amendement sont beaucoup plus marqués sur le substrat le plus acide. À court terme, sur substrat gréseux, nous observons une diminution de l'abondance de la mésofaune puis une augmentation de celle-ci 5 ans après l'amendement avant de ne montrer plus aucun effet 7 ans après l'épandage. L'effet inverse ou aucun effet n'est par contre observé sur substrat granitique. Le contenu en Ca et Mg de l'horizon OL a augmenté avec l'amendement, mais cet effet n'est également significatif que sur grès. La biomasse fongique du sol n'a pas été affectée par le chaulage, mais est significativement plus élevée sur granite que sur grès. Le chaulage a augmenté l'épaisseur de l'horizon OH sur grès alors qu'il a diminué l'épaisseur de l'horizon OL sur granite, probablement en relation avec les modifications de l'activité biologique (mésofaune ou microorganismes). Enfin, sur substrat gréseux, le stock de carbone de l'humus a augmenté du fait d'un épaississement notable de l'horizon OH avec le chaulage. / The main objective of this work is to assess the consequences of calco-magnesium liming on two acidified forested catchments in Vosges Mountain (sandstone and granite) on humus morphology, abundance and diversity of mesofauna, fungal biomass and carbon storage in organic horizons 5 and 7 years after liming. Moreover, we performed a study to verify under laboratories conditions by using microcosms filled with soil from acidified catchments lying on sandstone and granite in order to study the short-term effect of calco-magnesium liming. During the two field campaigns, we determined calcium and magnesium contents of OL horizon, pH, humus morphology, mesofauna abundance and diversity, fungal biomass, soil carbon storage of organic layers OL, OF and OH.Results indicated that calco-magnesium liming affects studied parameters in different ways according to elapsed time after liming and the geological substrate (sandstone and granite), the more acidic catchment (sandstone) showing the most remarkable reaction. Results of immediate effects of liming showed a decrease of mesofauna abundance and then gradually increasing tendencies in field campaigns after 5 years while no effect after 7 years after liming. The opposite or no effects were observed on granite substrate. Ca and Mg contents in OL horizon increased by liming but this effect were only significant on sandstone substrate. Soil fungal biomass was not affected by liming but was significantly higher on granite substrate than sandstone. Liming increased the OH horizon thickness on sandstone while decreased the OL horizon on granite, under the influence of biological activity (mesofauna vs microorganisms).

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a variabilidade espacial e temporal do carbono no solo produzindo um mapa, sobre esse tema para toda a área da Estação Experimental de Mogi Mirim (EE Mogi Mirim), juntamente com a análise dos fluxos dos gases de efeito estufa (CO2, N2O e CH4) e a relação desses dois fenômenos com as variáveis do solo nos diferentes usos da terra. Para se alcançar objetivo proposto com relação aos estoques de carbono e avaliação das variáveis do solo foi feita a coleta e o prepara das amostras nas profundidades de 00 até 30 cm, foi feito o georreferenciamento e determinação dos teores de carbono, densidade do solo, calculo dos estoques de carbono e determinação da cor do solo. Por sua vez para o estudo e entendimento dos fluxos dos gases de efeito estufa (GEE), comparou-se um talhão considerado sem perturbação (Talhão 41) e a partir desse talhão avaliou-se comparativamente em uma seqüência com ambientes com histórico de uso da terra representativo da área com manejos. Os fluxos dos gases CO2, N2O e CH4 foram medidos utilizando-se câmaras estáticas. Nos resultados obtidos foi aplicada a estatística descritiva clássica e geoestatistica para avaliar a freqüência e distribuição dos dados. Resultados relativos as variáveis do solo mostram que praticamente a grande maioria tende a diminuir com a profundidade (Ca, soma das bases, CTC, acidez potencial e carbono). Por sua vez o pH é sempre muito alto nas 3 camadas e a saturação por bases e o magnésio são muito baixos e permanecem inalterados em todas as profundidades. A variabilidade espacial dos estoques de carbono possui características isotrópicas. Especificamente na profundidade 00 - 10 cm, o modelo teórico que melhor se ajustou foi o exponencial, na profundidade 10 - 20 cm foi o esférico e na profundidade 20 - 30 cm foi o exponencial. Os estoque de C na profundidade 00 10 cm, tiveram como média 22.8 ton C/ ha-1, sendo o maior valor de 42.9 ton C/há-1 e o menor valor de 10.3 ton C/há-1. Na profundidade 10 - 20cm, a média do estoque de carbono foi de 14.9 ton C/há-1, sendo o maior valor de 31.5 ton C/há-1 e o menor valor de 6.99 ton C/há-1. Na profundidade 20 -30 cm, a média do estoque de carbono foi de 11.45 ton C/há-1, sendo o maior valor de 25.28 ton C/há-1 e o menor valor de 6.3 ton C/há-1. Os resultados das análises dos fluxos do gás carbônico, como um todo mostra que a respiração do solo variou entre 75.3 e 164.4mgC m-2 h-1. Relativo aos fluxos de N2O os valores médios para as emissões variaram entre 8,85 e 51,94 \'mü\'gN m-2 h-1, enquanto que a absorção variou, entre -1,32 e - 4,59 \'mü\'gN m-2 h-1. Os resultados dos fluxos do gás metano médio ficaram entre 4,63 e 31,51 mgC m-2 h-1, enquanto que os valores de oxidação média ficaram entre -5,41 e -22,79 mgC m-2 h-1 / The aim here is to evaluate the spacial and transient variability of carbon in soil, producing a map about this subject for all the area of the Experimental Station of Mogi Mirim (Estação Experimental de Mogi Mirim EE Mogi Mirim), with the emissions analyzes of greenhouse gases effect (CO2, N2O e CH4), and the relation between these phenomenon with the soil variables in different uses of the land. In order to reach the proposed objective related to the carbon storages, and the variable evaluation of the soil, a sample collect and preparation were made at a depth from 00 to 30cm. It was also made the georeferencial and the carbon levels determination, density of soil, the estimate of carbon storages, and the determination of soil color. The study and understanding of the greenhouse gas emissions (GGF), a área considered without disturbing, and from it a comparative evaluation in a sequence of environments with historical land use representative of the management area. The CO2, N2O and CH4 gas emissions were measured by using static chambers. In the results obtained, it was applied the classic statistic description and geostatistics to evaluate the frequency and the distribution of data. Results related to the soil variables show that the major trend to decrease, according to the depth (Ca, sum of bases, CTC, potential acidity, and carbon). On the contrary, the pH is always very high in 3 layers, and the saturation for bases and the magnesium are very low, maintaining unchangeable in all depths. The variability of the carbon storages have isotropic characteristics. Specifically in depth 00 - 10cm, the theorical model that better adjusted was the exponential; in depth 10 - 20cm, it was the spherical, and in depth 20 - 30cm it was the exponential. The carbon storage in depth 00-10cm had as na average 22.8ton C / ha-1, being the highest value of 42.9 ton C/ha-1, and the lowest value of 10.3 ton C/ha-1. In depth 10 - 20 cm, the average of carbon storage was 14.9 ton C/ha-1, being the highest value of 31.5 ton C/ha-1, and the lower value of 6.99 ton C/ha-1. In depths of 20 - 30cm, the average of carbon storage was of 11.45 ton C/há-1, being the highest value of 25.28 ton C/ha-1, and the lowest of 6.3 ton C/ha-1 The analyze results of carbon gás emissions as a whole, shows that the soil breath varied between 75.3 e 164.4 . mgC m-2 h-1 . Regard to N2O emissions, the average values to emissions varied between 8.85 and 51.94 \'mü\'gN m-2 h-1, while the absorption varied, between -1.32 e - 4.59 \'mü\'gN m-2 h-1. The results of average methane gas were between 4.63 e 31.51 mgC m-2 h-1, while the average oxidation values were between -5.41 e -22.79 mgC m-2 h-1