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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Avaliação de fatores de risco relacionados com aterosclerose subclínica em mulheres hipertensas / Assessment of risk factors related subclinical atherosclerosis in hypertensive women

Michelle Trindade Soares da Silva 25 March 2011 (has links)
A aterosclerose e suas complicações são a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo ocidental. O aumento da espessura da camada médio-intimal da carótida está associado com risco para doenças cardiovasculares, pois representa um marcador de aterosclerose subclínica, podendo ser detectada precocemente em indivíduos assintomáticos. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar variáveis clínicas e nutricionais associadas com a aterosclerose subclínica em mulheres hipertensas. Estudo transversal envolvendo uma amostra de conveniência composta por 116 mulheres hipertensas entre 40 e 65 anos. Dados clínicos, como pressão arterial (PA) sistólica e diastólica, história de tabagismo, atividade física, uso de medicamentos foram coletados; foi feita a análise do perfil lipídico, glicemia e proteína C reativa (PCR); a avaliação dietética obtida pelo Recordatório de 24 horas e pelo Registro de três dias. A espessura médio-intimal (EMI) de carótidas foi realizada pelo aparelho de ultrassonografia. As pacientes foram divididas em dois grupos, de acordo com os valores da espessura médio-intimal de carótidas: EMI 0,9mm ou EMI > 0,9mm. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à idade (50,846,62 vs 53,547,13; p=0,044), PA sistólica (134,5216,54 vs 142,9821,47; p=0,020), pressão de pulso (PP) (49,3611,03 vs 60,15 17,77; p<0,001), HDL (48,988,54 vs 44,057,45; p=0,004) e PCR (2,311,21 vs 3,051,34; p=0,016). Não houve diferença significativa em relação aos parâmetros antropométricos, exceto em relação à reactância (65,199,69 vs 61,447,88; p=0,036), avaliada pela bioimpedância elétrica (BIA). Quanto ao padrão de consumo alimentar, somente o consumo de gordura monoinsaturada foi diferente entre os grupos, sendo o maior consumo no grupo com menor valor de EMI (7,882,09 vs 7,022,06; p=0,031). Não houve diferença em relação à frequência de tabagismo e atividade física. Quando foi feita a análise de correlação da amostra, foi encontrada uma correlação entre a EMI de carótidas e idade (r=0,25; p=0,0067), PAS (r=0,19; p=0,0086); PP (r=0,30; p=0,0009), LDL (r=0,19; p=0,0434), assim como com gordura monoinsaturada (r= -0,25; p=0,0087), PCR (r=0,31; p=0,007) e HDL (r=-0,33; p=0,0004), porém apenas as variáveis HDL, PCRus e pressão de pulso mostraram ser preditoras independentes da EMI de carótida após feita uma análise de regressão linear multivariada. A proteína C reativa, HDL colesterol e pressão de pulso são importantes preditores independentes de aterosclerose subclínica. / Atherosclerosis and its complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Increased carotid intima-media thickness is associated with cardiovascular risk,and it represents a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, which can be detected early in asymptomatic individuals. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and nutritional variables associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in hypertensive women. Cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample composed by 116 hypertensive women aged between 40 and 65. Clinical data such systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), smoking history, physical activity, medication use were collected, a lipid profile, blood glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP)analysis was performed, the dietary assessment was obtained by dietary recall 24 hours and three days food record. Carotid intima-media thickness was performed by the high resolution ultrasound. Patients were divided into two groups according to the values of carotid IMT: IMT 0.9 mm or IMT > 0.9 mm. There was significant difference between the groups regarding age (50.846.62 vs 53.547.13; p=0.044), systolic BP(134.5216.54 vs 142.9821.47; p=0.020), pulse pressure (PP) (49.3611.03 vs 60.15 17.77; p<0.001), HDL-cholesterol (49.3611.03 vs 60.1517.77; p<0.001)and CRP(2.311.21 vs 3.051.34; p=0.016). There was no significant difference regarding to anthropometric parameters, except for the reactance (65.199.69 vs 61.447.88; p=0.036), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Regarding the dietary pattern, only the monounsaturated fat intake was different between the groups 65.199.69 vs 61.447.88; p=0.036),. There was no difference in smoking and physical activity. In the correlation analysis, we have found a correlation between carotid IMT and age (r = 0.25, p = 0.0067), SBP (r= 0.19, p = 0.0086); PP (r = 0.30, p = 0.0009), LDL (r = 0.19, p = 0.0434), and monounsaturated fat (r = -0.25, p = 0.0087), CRP (r = 0.31, p = 0.007) and HDL (r =- 0.33, p = 0.0004), but only HDL-cholesterol, hsCRP and pulse pressure were shown to be independent predictors of carotid IMT after made a multivariate analysis. Conclude that C reactive protein, HDL-cholesterol and pulse pressure are important predictors for subclinical atherosclerosis.
52

Psoríase e aterosclerose subclínica avaliada pela espessura médio-intimal nas artérias carótidas por meio da ultrassonografia / Psoriasis and Subclinical Atherosclerosis assessed by measuring intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries by ultrasound in large Brazilian sample

Cid Yazigi Sabbag 26 July 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A psoríase é uma doença sistêmica crônica, inflamatória e imuno- mediada, que afeta a pele, vasos e sistema osteomuscular. A inflamação é um fator de risco importante para a aterosclerose, e a psoríase está associada com risco aumentado de dislipidemia, diabetes, hipertensão, obesidade e esteato-hepatite não alcoólica. No entanto, o impacto da inflamação crônica sistêmica sobre a saúde vascular e aterosclerose permanece mal compreendido. Objetivos: Analisar a associação entre psoríase e aterosclerose subclínica com uma medição não invasiva, avaliada no ramo das artérias carótidas, usando a espessura médio-intimal (IMTc). O objetivo secundário foi comparar a IMTc entre os subgrupos psoríase: leve, moderada à psoríase/grave e artropática, com o grupo controle. Métodos: Neste estudo caso-controle transversal, 221 pacientes com psoríase (31,2% psoríase leve, 41,6% psoríase moderada/grave e 31,2% psoríase artropática) foram comparados com um grupo de 5.061 controles existentes recrutados a partir de um inquérito anterior (ELSA-Brasil HU-USP). Os critérios de inclusão compreendem os seguintes fatores: acima de 40 anos de idade para mulheres e 35 anos para homens; psoríase diagnosticada e clinicamente ativa, pelo menos há dois anos. Os critérios de exclusão foram: gravidez, presença de neoplasia, gota, artrite reumatóide e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a exame médico, exame clínico e dados antropométricos recolhidos, bem como amostras de sangue para análise laboratorial. Em seguida, foram realizados exame de ultrassonografia das artérias carótidas direita e esquerda a fim de determinar IMTc. Ambos os lados analisados com média dos valores; quando aumentados foram utilizadas como um indicador da aterosclerose subclínica. Resultados: No grupo psoríase, o tempo médio de doença foi de 16 (± 13) anos. Em relação ao IMT da carótida (média dos lados direito e esquerdo), não observamos valores aumentados no grupo de psoríase, em comparação com o grupo controle, com os dados crus (P = 0,24 e P = 0,83, IMT esquerda e IMT direita, respectivamente). No entanto, quando o ajuste por sexo e idade (P = 0,038 e P < 0,0001, IMT para a esquerda e direita, respectivamente) e um ajuste multivariado para o risco cardiovascular, uma diferença significativa é encontrada (P = 0,028 e P < 0,0001, IMT esquerda e IMT direita, respectivamente) com valores mais elevados da carótida IMT no grupo de psoríase do que no grupo controle. Em consonância com isso, não foram observadas diferenças na IMT entre ameno, sub-grupos artrite psoriática moderado-grave e grupo controle (P = 0,50 e P = 0,52, respectivamente). Hipertensão, Hs CRP, IMC, HDL e LDL foram maiores nos pacientes com psoríase, em comparação com os controles (ambos p < 0,001). Conclusões: Na coorte brasileira, pacientes com psoríase apresentaram um perfil mais grave de fatores de risco cardiovascular do que os controles, em função do aumento da espessura da parede da artéria carótida encontrada nesses pacientes. O papel preciso da inflamação sistêmica crônica e outros fatores sobre a progressão da doença e comorbidades devem ainda ser elucidados . / Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease affecting skin, vessels and osteomuscular system. Inflammation is an important risk-factor for atherosclerosis and psoriasis is associated with increased risk for dislipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the impact of chronic systemic inflammation on vascular health and atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. Objectives: To examine the association between psoriasis and subclinical atherosclerosis assessed at the carotid artery branch using a non-invasive measurement of the intima-media thickness (IMTc). The secondary objective was to compare the IMTc between psoriasis subgroups: mild, moderate / severe psoriasis and arthropathica with control group. Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, 221 psoriasis patients (31.2% mild psoriasis, 41.6% moderate-severe psoriasis and 31.2% arthritic psoriasis) were compared with a group of 5,061 existing controls recruited from a previous investigation (ELSA-Brasil HU-USP). Inclusion criteria were: 40 y of age for women and 35 y of age for men; psoriasis diagnosed and clinically active for at least 2 years. Exclusion criteria were: pregnancy, neoplasia, gout, rheumatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. All participants were submitted to medical screening, clinical examination and had anthropometric data collected as well as blood samples for laboratorial analysis. Then, they undertook an ultrasound scan of the right and left carotid arteries in order to determine IMTc. Both sides were averaged and increased values were used as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis. Results: The psoriasis group the mean disease time was 16±13 years. In relation to the carotid IMT (right and left sides averaged), we did not observe increased values in the psoriasis group as compared to the control group, with crude data (P = 0,24 and P = 0,83, IMT left and IMT right respectively). However, when adjusting by sex, age (P = 0,038 and P < 0,0001, IMT left and IMT right respectively) and a multivariate adjustment for cardiovascular risk, a significant difference is found (P = 0,028 and P < 0.0001, IMT left and IMT right respectively) with higher carotid IMT values in the psoriasis group than in the control group. In line with this, no differences were observed in the IMT between mild, moderate-severe, psoriatic arthritis sub-groups and control group (P = 0.50 e P = 0.52, respectively). Hypertension, Hs CRP, BMI, HDL and LDL were higher in psoriasis patients as compared to controls (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: In the Brazilian cohort, psoriasis patients presented a more severe profile of cardiovascular risk factors than controls, with increased carotid arterial wall thickness being found in these patients. The precise role of chronic systemic inflammation and other factors on disease progression and comorbidities are yet to be elucidated
53

Glicemia de jejum, diabetes incidente, aterosclerose subclínica e eventos cardiovasculares não-fatais numa amostra de adultos aparentemente saudáveis reavaliados após 12 anos / Fasting plasma glucose, incident diabetes, subclinical atherosclerosis and non-fatal cardiovascular events in an apparently healthy adult sample reevaluated after a 12 years interval

Debora Sitnik 01 November 2016 (has links)
Introdução: Glicemia de jejum alterada tem sido associada a maior risco de desenvolver diabetes, comparando a indivíduos normoglicêmicos. Apesar de diabetes ser relacionado a aterosclerose e a piores desfechos cardiovasculares, os dados de literatura relacionando glicemia de jejum alterada à doença aterosclerótica são conflitantes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar (a) a incidência de diabetes em indivíduos com glicemia de jejum normal ou alterada em 1998 após um seguimento de até 12 anos; (b) se a glicemia de jejum alterada em 1998 e/ou diabetes incidente estiveram associados com aterosclerose subclínica no Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) ou à variável combinada de eventos clínicos não-fatais e escore de cálcio coronariano maior ou igual a 400. Métodos: Avaliamos 1.536 trabalhadores da Universidade de São Paulo, que participaram de um programa de avaliação em 1998 (idade 23-63 anos) e da linha de base do ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010). Apresentamos as taxas de incidência de diabetes brutas e ajustadas para todos os indivíduos e também estratificados por gênero e por índice de massa corpórea (IMC) em 1998. Utilizamos modelos de regressão brutos e ajustados para estimar a associação entre glicemia de jejum alterada em 1998 ou diabetes incidente com a espessura de íntima-média de carótidas (EIMC), escore de cálcio coronariano (CACS, do inglês Coronary Artery Calcium Score) e a variável composta CACS >= 400 ou eventos cardiovasculares incidentes (infarto do miocárdio ou revascularização). Resultados: Encontramos diabetes incidente em 177 indivíduos. A incidência de diabetes em nossa amostra foi de 9,8/1.000 pessoas-ano (Intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 7,7-13,6). A incidência foi mais elevada entre os homens (11,2/1.000 pessoas-ano, IC95%: 8,6-15,0) do que entre as mulheres (8,5/1.000 pessoas-ano, IC95%: 5,3-15,3). Glicemia de jejum alterada em 1998 mostrou associação com maior risco de progressão para diabetes ao longo do seguimento (hazard ratio [HR]: 3,17; IC95%: 2,14-4,68) e HR: 7,42; IC95%: 4,75-11,57 para glicemias de jejum entre 100 e 109mg/dl e entre 110 e 125mg/dl, respectivamente). Glicemias entre 110 e 125mg/dl em 1998 foram associadas a maiores valores de EIMC (beta=+0,028; IC95%: 0,003 a 0,053) na linha de base do ELSA-Brasil. Ao excluir da análise aqueles com diabetes incidente, houve associação limítrofe, não-significativa, entre maiores valores de EIMC e glicemia de jejum entre 110 e 125mg/dl em 1998 (?=0,030; IC95%: -0,005 a 0,065). Ambos os níveis de glicemia de jejum alterada em 1998 não se mostraram associados ao CACS ou à variável composta de CACS >= 400 ou eventos cardiovasculares incidentes nos modelos de ajuste completo. Diabetes incidente foi associado a maiores valores de EIMC (em milímetros) (?=0,034; IC95%: 0,015 a 0,053), a CACS >= 400 (Razão de chances=2,84; IC95%: 1,17-6,91) e ao desfecho combinado de CACS >= 400 ou eventos cardiovasculares incidentes (Razão de chances=3,50; IC95%: 1,60-7,65). Conclusões: Glicemia de jejum alterada em 1998, especialmente nos valores mais próximos dos limiares de corte para diabetes, foram associados a maior incidência de diabetes ao longo do seguimento e a maiores valores de EIMC quando da avaliação inicial do ELSA-Brasil. Diabetes incidente entre as avaliações foi associado a maior risco cardiovascular / Introduction: Impaired fasting glucose has been associated with higher risk of incident diabetes, compared to normoglycemic individuals. Although diabetes mellitus is related to atherosclerosis and higher long-term cardiovascular burden, there are conflicting data about the association between impaired fasting glucose and atherosclerotic disease. We aimed (a) to determine diabetes incidence rates in individuals with normal or impaired fasting glucose in 1998 after follow-up of up to 12 years, (b) whether impaired fasting glucose in 1998 and/or incident diabetes were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) or the combined variable of non-fatal clinical events or a coronary calcium score >= 400. Methods: We evaluated 1,536 civil servants from the University of São Paulo, who participated in both 1998 (aged 23-63 years) and ELSA-Brasil baseline (2008-2010) assessments and had complete data. We presented crude and adjusted diabetes incident rates for all individuals and then stratified by sex and body mass index (BMI) in 1998. We used crude and adjusted regression models to estimate the association between impaired fasting glucose in 1998 or incident diabetes and coronary intima-media thickness (CIMT), coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and the composite variable of a CACS?400 or incident cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction or revascularization). Results: We found incident diabetes in 177 individuals. Diabetes incidence in our sample was 9.8/1,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [95%CI]:7.7-13.6). Diabetes incidence was higher in men (11.2/1,000 person-years, 95%CI: 8.6-15.0) than women (8.5/1,000 person-years, 95%CI: 5.3 to 15.3). Impaired fasting glucose in 1998 was associated with a higher risk of progression to diabetes during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.17; 95%CI: 2.14-4.68 and HR: 7.42; 95%CI: 4.75-11.57 for a fasting plasma glucose between 100 to 109mg/dl and 110 to 125 mg/dl, respectively). Fasting plasma glucose levels between 110 to 125 mg/dl in 1998 were associated with higher CIMT (beta=+0.028; 95%CI: 0.003 to 0.053) in ELSA-Brasil baseline. Excluding those with incident diabetes, there was a non-significant borderline association between higher CIMT (in mm) and fasting plasma glucose 110 to 125mg/dl (beta=0.030; 95%CI: -0.005 to 0.065). Fasting plasma glucose levels in 1998 were not associated with CACS or the composite variable of a CACS ? 400 or incident cardiovascular events in full-adjusted models. Incident diabetes was associated with higher CIMT (in mm) (beta=0.034; 95%CI: 0.015 to 0.053), CACS >= 400 (OR=2.84; 95%CI: 1.17-6.91) and the combined outcome of a CACS >= 400 or incident cardiovascular event (OR=3.50; 95%CI: 1.60-7.65). Conclusions: Elevated fasting plasma glucose in 1998, especially those near diabetes diagnosis limits were associated with higher diabetes incidence during follow-up and higher CIMT in ELSA-Brasil baseline assessment. Incident diabetes between assessments was associated with higher cardiovascular burden
54

Associação entre doença tireoidiana subclínica, aterosclerose coronariana, índice de espessura de médio-íntima carotídea e rigidez arterial aórtica em análise transversal do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) / Association between subclinical thyroid disease, coronary atherosclerosis, carotid intima-media thickness and aortic arterial stiffness in cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Érique José Peixoto de Miranda 23 March 2017 (has links)
Introdução: Doenças tireoidianas subclínicas incluem hipotireoidismo e hipertireoidismo subclínicos. A associação entre doença tireoidiana subclínica e morbimortalidade cardiovascular é controversa e os dados sobre a relação entre essas condições clínicas e aterosclerose subclínica são escassos. Objetivos: Este estudo objetiva avaliar a associação entre doença tireoidiana subclínica, calcificação arterial coronariana (CAC), doença arterial coronariana (DAC), índice de espessura de médio-íntima carotídea média (IMT) e velocidade de onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral (cf-VOP) no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Métodos: Incluímos sujeitos eutireóideos, definidos como tendo TSH entre 0,4 e 4,0 mUI/L e T4L entre 0,8 e 1,9ng/dL, indivíduos com hipotireoidismo subclínico, definido como TSH > 4,0 mUI/L e T4L normal, e hipertireoidismo subclínico, definido como TSH < 0,4 mUI/L e T4L normal. Excluímos os indivíduos com as demais disfunções tireoidianas, em uso de medicação que altera a função tireoidiana, e com doença cardiovascular prévia. Na análise de angiotomografia, excluímos também os sujeitos com hipertireoidismo subclínico pelo pequeno número que impedia a análise e, na análise de cf-VOP, doença renal crônica, indivíduos em uso de diuréticos e de anti-hipertensivos. As associações entre quintis de TSH, CAC > 100 e DAC foram avaliadas por regressão logística e as associações entre IMT, VOP (como variáveis contínuas ou categorizadas com ponto de corte no percentil 75 amostral) e níveis de TSH ou doenças tireoidianas subclínicas foram avaliadas por regressões logísticas e lineares multivariadas. Todos os modelos foram ajustados por variáveis demográficas e fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Resultados: A análise de CAC incluiu 3.836 sujeitos, mediana de idade de 49 anos (IQR=44-56), 1.999 (52,1%) mulheres. CAC > 100 associou-se independentemente com o primeiro quintil (OR ajustado=1,57, IC 95%=1,05-2,35, P=0,027), usando o terceiro como referência. Na análise de angiotomografia, foram incluídos 796 sujeitos, mediana de idade de 55 anos (IQR=48-60 anos), 406 (51%) mulheres. O primeiro quintil associou-se independentemente com CAC (OR ajustado=1,76, IC 95%=1,09-2,82, P= 0,02), DAC (OR ajustado=1,73, IC 95%=1,08-2,79, P=0,023), mas não com extensão de doença. Na análise de IMT, foram incluídos 8.623 sujeitos, mediana de idade de 50 anos (IQR=45-57 anos), 4.624 (53,6%) mulheres, na subanálise de hipotireoidismo subclínico, e 8.193, com mediana de idade de 50 anos (IQR=44-57 anos), 4.382 (53,5%) mulheres, na subanálise de hipertireoidismo subclínico. Hipotireoidismo subclínico, mas não hipertireoidismo subclínico, associou-se ao IMT como variável contínua (beta=0,010, IC 95%=0,0004-0,019, P=0,041) e categorizado no percentil 75 ajustado para sexo, idade e raça (OR ajustado=1,30, IC95%=1,07-1,61, P=0,010). Na análise de cf-VOP, foram incluídos 8.341 sujeitos, mediana de idade de 50 anos (IQR=44-56 anos), 4.383 (52,5%) mulheres, na subanálise de hipotireoidismo subclínico, e 7.790, mediana de idade de 50 anos (IQR=44-57 anos), 4.191 (53,8%) mulheres, na subanálise de hipertireoidismo subclínico. Cf-VOP não se associou com doença tireoidiana subclínica. Conclusões: Em análises diferentes, CAC e DAC associaram-se com primeiro quintil de TSH usando-se o terceiro como referência. O IMT associou-se com hipotireoidismo subclínico e a cf-VOP não se associou com disfunção tireoidiana subclínica / Introduction: Subclinical thyroid disease includes subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Association between subclinical thyroid disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is controversial and data about the relationship between those clinical conditions and subclinical atherosclerosis is scarce. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between subclinical thyroid disease, coronary artery calcification (CAC), coronary artery disease (CAD), mean common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods: We included euthyroid subjects, defined as TSH between 0.4 and 4.0 mIU/l and FT4 between 0.8 and 1.9 ng/dL, and individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as TSH > 4.0 mIU/l and normal FT4, and subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as TSH < 0.4 mIU/L and normal FT4. We excluded individuals with other thyroid disorders, subjects who used medication that altered thyroid function, subjects with past of cardiovascular disease. In computed angiotomography analysis, we have excluded subjects with subclinical hyperthyroidism because of the small sample, and in cf-PWV analysis, we have excluded individuals with chronic kidney disease, use of anti-hypertensive and diuretics. The association between TSH quintiles was evaluated in logistic regression models for CAC and CAD, and the association between IMT, cf-PWV (as continuous variables or as factor, categorized at 75th sample\'s percentile) and TSH levels or subclinical thyroid diseases was evaluated by multivariate logistic and linear regression models. All models were adjusted for demographic variables and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: CAC analysis included 3,836 subjects, median of age 49 years (IQR=44-56), 1,999 (52.1%) women. CAC > 100 was independently associated with first quintile of TSH, using the third quintile as the reference (adjusted OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.05-2.35, P=0.027). Computed angiotomography analysis included 796 subjects, median of age 55 years (IQR=48-60), 406 (51%) women. CAD and CAC > 0 was independently associated with first quintile in comparison with third quintile (adjusted OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.08-2.79, P=0.023 and adjusted OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.09-2.82, P= 0.02, respectively), but not with burden of disease. In IMT analysis, 8,623 subjects were included, median of age 50 years (IQR=45-57 years), 4,624 (53.6%) women in the subclinical hypothyroidism subanalysis, and 8,193, median age 50 years (IQR = 44-57 years), 4,382 (53.5%) women, in the subclinical hyperthyroidism subanalysis. Subclinical hypothyroidism, but not subclinical hyperthyroidism, was independently associated with IMT as continuous variable (beta=0.010, IC 95%=0.0004-0.019, P=0.041) or as factor categorized at 75th percentile adjusted for age, sex and race (adjusted OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.07-1.61, P=0.010). In cf-PWV analysis, 8,341 subjects were included, median of age 50 years (IQR=44-56 years), 4,383 (52.5%) women in the subclinical hypothyroidism subanalysis, and 7,790, median age 50 years (IQR = 44-57 years), 4,191 (53.8%) women in subclinical hyperthyroidism subanalysis. Cf- PWV was not associated with subclinical thyroid disease. Conclusion: In separated analysis, CAC and CAD was independently associated with first quintile of TSH using the third as the reference; IMT was independently associated with subclinical hypothyroidism, and cf-PWV was not associated with subclinical thyroid diseases
55

Cardiovascular risk in ageing men of different ethnicities : inter-relationships between imaging and endocrine markers

Rezailashkajani, Mohammadreza January 2012 (has links)
Cardiovascular disease varies by ethnicity in the UK. South Asians (SA) have higher coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes prevalence, while African-Caribbeans (AfC) have greater stroke, but intriguingly lower CHD rates despite higher blood pressures and diabetes risk than Europeans. Conventional risk factors do not fully explain such differences. This cross-sectional study tested the hypothesis that the hormones, vitamin D measured as 25(OH)D and aldosterone, would be independently associated with intermediate cardiovascular outcome markers in these ethnic groups. Community-dwelling men 40-80 years old (AfC: n=67, 55±10yr; SA: n=68, 55±10yr; European: n=63, 57±8yr) were sampled from Greater Manchester’s multi-ethnic population. The intermediate markers examined were aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), left ventricular (LV) mass and function, and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), measured non-invasively by ultrasound, and hemodynamic profiling methods (the Arteriograph) in the total sample and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a subsample of 50. Adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure and diabetes, mean(SE) aPWV by the Arteriograph, was 0.5(0.2) m/s higher in SA than AfC and Europeans (p=0.01), which paralleled known cross-ethnic CHD risk differences in the UK. By MRI, aPWV along the descending aorta in SA was 0.7(0.3) and 0.8(0.3) m/s higher than that in AfC and Europeans, but aPWV along the aortic arch was not significantly different. Unlike aldosterone, 25(OH)D was independently and inversely correlated with aPWV (unstandardised B(SE)=-0.013[0.004] m/s, p<0.001), and partly explained the ethnic variation in aPWV. Similar inverse correlations were found between 25(OH)D and LV concentricity measured by echocardiography and MRI. Compared to Europeans, SA and AfC, had 21(3) and 14(3) nmol/L lower mean(SE) 25(OH)D, respectively (p<0.01). Mean(SE) of relative wall thickness, an index of LV concentricity by echocardiography, was 0.05(0.01) higher in SA and AfC than Europeans. Lower 25(OH)D levels were also associated with higher myocardial deformation rates measured by MRI myocardial tagging (n=50), supporting previous animal experimental evidence. A one standard deviation (SD) decrease in 25(OH)D was associated with a 0.38 SD increase in absolute systolic strain rate (p=0.003) and 0.22 SD rise in diastolic strain rate (p=0.04). Right and left CIMT showed different relations with 25(OH)D and aldosterone. Left-right CIMT differences varied by ethnicity and were related to SA ethnicity and aldosterone levels. Two related technical studies investigated the relatively new method of hemodynamic profiling, the Arteriograph, used here. The results suggested a standardisation method of aortic length estimation for purely central aPWV, which significantly improved aPWV agreement between the Arteriograph and MRI (reference method here), and was used for calibrating the Arteriograph aPWV in the above-mentioned results for the total sample. Future well-designed trials are necessary to investigate any cause-effect relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the unfavourable cardiovascular intermediate outcomes found here in a cross-sectional design and multi-ethnic background.

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