Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TercioLS_DISSERT.pdf: 2173183 bytes, checksum: 0473c9e56e2e2ec2462372a52af84fd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-21 / This work presents a theoretical analysis and numerical and experimental results of the scattering characteristics of frequency selective surfaces, using elements of type patch perfectly conductor. The structures are composed of two frequency selective surfaces on isotropic dielectric substrates cascaded, separated by a layer of air. The analysis is performed using the method of equivalent transmission line in combination with the Galerkin method, to determine the transmission and reflection characteristics of the structures analyzed. Specifically, the analysis uses the impedance method, which models the structure by an equivalent circuit, and applies the theory of transmission lines to determine the dyadic Green's function for the cascade structure. This function relates the incident field and surface current densities. These fields are determined algebraically by means of potential incidents and the imposition of the continuity of the fields in the dielectric interfaces. The Galerkin method is applied to the numerical determination of the unknown weight coefficients and hence the unknown densities of surface currents, which are expanded in terms of known basis functions multiplied by these weight coefficients. From the determination of these functions, it becomes possible to obtain numerical scattered fields at the top and bottom of the structures and characteristics of transmission and reflection of these structures. At work, we present numerical and experimental results for the characteristics of transmission and reflection. Comparisons were made with other results presented in literature, and it was observed a good agreement in the cases presented suggestions continuity of the work are presented / Esse trabalho apresenta uma an?lise te?rica e resultados num?ricos e experimentais das caracter?sticas de espalhamento de superf?cies seletivas em frequ?ncia, que usam elementos do tipo patch perfeitamente condutor. As estruturas s?o compostas por duas superf?cies seletivas em frequ?ncia sobre substratos diel?tricos isotr?picos cascateadas, separadas por uma camada de ar. A an?lise ? efetuada utilizando-se o m?todo da linha de transmiss?o equivalente em combina??o com o m?todo de Galerkin, visando determinar as caracter?sticas de transmiss?o e reflex?o das estruturas analisadas. Especificamente, a an?lise usa o m?todo da imped?ncia, que modela a estrutura por meio de um circuito equivalente e, aplica-se a teoria de linhas de transmiss?o para determinar a fun??o di?dica de Green, para a estrutura em cascata. Esta fun??o relaciona os campos incidentes e as densidades superficiais de corrente. Estes campos s?o determinados algebricamente por meio dos potenciais incidentes e da imposi??o da continuidade dos campos nas interfaces diel?tricas. O m?todo de Galerkin ? aplicado na determina??o num?rica dos coeficientes pesos desconhecidos e, consequentemente, das densidades superficiais de correntes desconhecidas, que s?o expandidas em termos de fun??es de base conhecidas multiplicadas por esses coeficientes peso. A partir da determina??o destas fun??es, torna-se poss?vel a obten??o num?rica dos campos espalhados no topo e na base das estruturas e das caracter?sticas de transmiss?o e de reflex?o destas estruturas. No trabalho, s?o apresentados resultados num?ricos e experimentais para as caracter?sticas de transmiss?o e de reflex?o. Foram efetuadas compara??es com outros resultados apresentados na literatura, tendo-se observado uma boa concord?ncia nos casos analisados Sugest?es de continuidade do trabalho s?o apresentadas

Esta dissertação de mestrado investiga os formatos de modulação óptica alternativos ao tradicional formato binário de intensidade (NRZ - Non-return-to-zero), ditos avançados, como tecnologia chave para atender às exigências do mercado atual de telecomunicações por transporte de grande volume de dados e alta largura de banda, associados com a redução do custo da informação transmitida por bit. Os formatos avançados de modulação óptica fazem parte das tecnologias que estão sendo investigadas intensamente com o objetivo de superar os desafios impostos pela nova geração de sistemas ópticos com taxas a partir de 40 Gb/s. Este trabalho focaliza o estudo dessa tecnologia, apresentando uma visão geral dos formatos mais discutidos atualmente, suas características e tecnologias de implementação. Foram realizadas simulações utilizando o software comercial Optisystem versão 7.0 da empresa canadense Optiwave Systems Inc., para analisar o desempenho de alguns formatos de modulação de intensidade e de fase com respeito à sensibilidade do receptor, resistência ao cascateamento de filtragem óptica e a efeitos dispersivos e não-lineares. Procurou-se avaliar os formatos em enlaces reais, com características necessárias à sua possível utilização. Também é feita uma breve consideração dos custos associados aos formatos de modulação analisados neste trabalho. Dentre os formatos analisados, os RZ (Return-to zero) apresentaram maior sensibilidade do receptor e melhor tolerância aos efeitos não-lineares que os seus equivalentes NRZ, porém baixa tolerância aos efeitos dispersivos e ao cascateamento de filtragem óptica. O formato duobinário mostrou fraco desempenho de sensibilidade, mas provou ser o mais tolerante à dispersão cromática e à concatenação de filtragem óptica. Os formatos de modulação de fase mostraram ser bem resistentes aos efeitos não-lineares e aos efeitos dispersivos. / This MSc thesis investigates optical modulation formats as an alternative to the use of the traditional intensity binary format NRZ (Non-return-to-zero). Those formats, classified as advanced, represent one of the key technologies aimed to enable the high data volume and broadband, demanded by the present telecommunication market, with cost reduction of transmitted information per bit. Those technologies have been intensevely studied with purpose of overcoming the challenges imposed by the new generation of optical systems, with bit rates from 40 Gb/s. This work focuses on the study of modulation formats most discussed currently, presenting an overview of their main characteristics and implementation techniques. The performance of some intensity and phase formats, in terms of receiver sensitivity, optical filtering cascading, dispersion and nonlinear effects robustness, have been theoretically analyzed from simulations carried out with the commercial software Optisystem v. 7.0, of the Canadian company Optiwave Systems Inc. The analysis has been applied to real optical links, with characteristics that, potentially, demand their use. A cost analysis, based on estimated values associated to devices required for implementing the formats investigated in this work, is also presented. Among the formats studied, those based on RZ (Return-to zero) presented the highest receiver sensitivity and best tolerance to nonlinear effects, in comparison to their equivalent formats, based on NRZ. However, they are less tolerant to dispersive effects and optical filtering cascading. The duobinary format (DB) has shown a weak performance in terms of sensitivity, though has been proved to be the most tolerant to chromatic dispersion and filtering cascading effects. Among all formats, the phase modulation ones presented the highest resistance against nonlinear and dispersive effects.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:13:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Salete Daga.pdf: 597296 bytes, checksum: ad426af73e607b92ceea3cce0dbf170b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-12 / The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition and structure of the assemblages of native and nonnative fish along the temporal and spatial gradient on the Iguaçu River, and their relations with environmental variables in five reservoirs. Samples were collected from January 2004 to December 2008, with periodicity quarterly in reservoirs Foz do Areia, Segredo and Salto Caxias, while in reservoirs Salto Santiago and Salto Osório samples were bimonthly. Catches were made with the aid of gillnets (mesh size of 2.4 to 16 cm) and trammel nets (witches, 6, 7 and 8 cm between non-adjacent), operated on the surface, margin and bottom, exposed for 24 hours with checked at 8:00, 16:00 and 22:00 hours. Fish caught were identified, measured and weighed. The community structure was evaluated by its attributes of species (richness), abundance (biomass and number of individuals) and diversity index of Shannon. The environmental variables were plotted on a matrix (physics and chemistry) and is summarized by principal component analysis (PCA). To summarize the data on the composition and structure of the assemblages of native and nonnative fish, analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used. The degree of association between multivariate matrices (environmental variables and the composition and structure of the assemblages of native fish and non-native) was assessed by means of a Procrustes routine. During the study period were collected from 152,007 specimens, 148,084 individuals of native species and 3,923 specimens of non-native species, which were divided into six orders, 16 families, 32 genera and 50 species. The most abundant native species were Astyanax sp. B (40.1%), Astyanax sp. C (19.1%) and Pimelodus britskii (9.1%). The non-native species were more abundant Odontesthes bonariensis (85.1%), Prochilodus lineatus (7.5%) and Tilapia rendalli (4.9%). The distribution of abundance in numbers and weight was higher in Salto Santiago, both native and non native. Spatial and temporal differences were apparent for wealth, for both native and non native, but the Shannon diversity index showed significant differences only for native species. The composition and structure of the assembly of native and nonnative fish showed significant differences along the longitudinal gradient of the Iguaçu River. The physical and chemical variables (water temperature, water transparency, pH and electrical conductivity) were significant for the separation of the reservoirs along the longitudinal gradient. Procrustes analysis showed that an association exists between the physical and chemical variables, and the spatial arrangement of the composition and structure of the assemblages of native fish. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição e estrutura da assembleia de peixes nativos e não nativos, ao longo do gradiente espacial e temporal no rio Iguaçu e, suas relações com as variáveis ambientais em cinco reservatórios. As amostragens foram realizadas de janeiro de 2004 à dezembro de 2008, com periodicidade trimestral nos reservatórios de Foz do Areia, Segredo e Salto Caxias, enquanto que nos reservatórios de Salto Santiago e Salto Osório as amostragens foram bimestrais. As capturas foram realizadas com o auxílio de redes de espera simples (malhas de 2,4 a 16 cm) e tresmalhos (feiticeiras de 6, 7 e 8 cm entre nós não adjacentes), operadas na superfície, margem e fundo, expostas por 24 horas com revistas às 8:00, 16:00 e 22:00 horas. Os peixes capturados foram identificados, medidos e pesados. A estrutura da comunidade foi avaliada pelos seus atributos número de espécies (riqueza), abundância (biomassa e número de indivíduos) e índice de diversidade de Shannon. As variáveis ambientais foram plotadas em uma matriz (física e química), sendo essa sumarizada pela análise de componentes principais (PCA). Para sumarizar os dados de composição e estrutura da assembleia de peixes nativos e não nativos, a análise de escalonamento multidimensional não-métrico (NMDS) foi utilizada. O grau de associação entre as matrizes multivariadas (variáveis ambientais e composição e estrutura da assembleia de peixes nativos e não nativos) foi avaliado por meio de uma rotina Procrustes. Durante o período amostral foram coletados 152.007 exemplares, sendo 148.084 indivíduos de espécies nativas e 3.923 exemplares de espécies não nativas, que foram distribuídos em seis ordens, 16 famílias, 32 gêneros e 50 espécies. As espécies nativas mais abundantes foram Astyanax sp. B (40,1%), Astyanax sp. C (19,1%) e Pimelodus britskii (9,1%). As espécies não nativas mais abundantes foram Odontesthes bonariensis (85,1%), Prochilodus lineatus (7,5%) e Tilapia rendalli (4,9%). A distribuição de abundância, em número de indivíduos e peso foi maior em Salto Santiago, tanto para espécies nativas como não nativas. Diferenças espaciais e temporais significativas foram verificadas para a riqueza, tanto para espécies nativas como não nativas, entretanto o índice de diversidade de Shannon, mostrou diferenças significativas somente para as espécies nativas. A composição e estrutura da assembleia de peixes nativos e não nativos, apresentaram diferenças significativas ao longo do gradiente longitudinal do rio Iguaçu. As variáveis físicas e químicas (temperatura da água, transparência da água, pH e condutividade elétrica), foram significativas para a separação dos reservatórios ao longo do gradiente longitudinal. A análise de Procrustes mostrou que existe associação entre as variáveis físicas e químicas, e o arranjo espacial da composição e estrutura da assembleia de peixes nativos.

Um eine zielgerichtete Ableitung von Fahrzeugeigenschaften in frühen Entwicklungsphasen zu ermöglichen, ist eine Subsystemebene erforderlich, die eine konzeptunabhängige Auslegung des Gesamtfahrzeugverhaltens zulässt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher eine neue Methodik zur Auslegung von Fahrkomfort-Kennwerten auf Basis von Subsystemeigenschaften vorgestellt. Neben der Entwicklung eines geeigneten Modellansatzes, in dem die Subsysteme des Gesamtfahrzeugs durch Greybox-Modelle ohne Komponentenbezug miteinander verknüpft werden, stehen dabei auch dessen Parametrierung sowie die Integration der Methodik im Entwicklungsprozess im Vordergrund. Zur Ableitung der damit verbundenen physikalisch-mechanischen Zusammenhänge werden statische und dynamische Achsprüfstände sowie Simulationen eingesetzt. Die Anwendung der Methodik lässt eine gezielte Eigenschaftsableitung zwischen Gesamtfahrzeug-, Subsystem- und Komponentenebene im Fahrkomfort zu, bei der die Subsystemebene als neue Referenz für die Ableitung von Komponenteneigenschaften dient. Weiterhin erlaubt das Vorgehen eine eigenschaftsbasierte Vorauswahl optimaler Komponentenkonzepte sowie detaillierte Wettbewerbsanalysen. Dadurch wird eine nachhaltige Steigerung der Effizienz im Entwicklungsprozess des Fahrkomforts ermöglicht.

La microspectroscopie Raman cohérente (CARS) est une méthode d'analyse optique sans marqueur qui permet d'identifier des liaisons moléculaires dans un milieu d'intérêt (échantillon) pour permettre de déterminer la composition chimique de ce milieu. Elle nécessite l'excitation concomitante de l'échantillon par deux ondes spectralement décalées (onde pompe et onde Stokes) afin de faire entrer en résonance les liaisons à détecter. Pour la détection de plusieurs liaisons simultanément (microspectroscopie Raman cohérente large-bande ou Multiplex-CARS), la source Stokes monochromatique est remplacée par une source laser large-bande (supercontinuum). Les travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse visent à proposer de nouvelles sources de supercontinuum émettant des faisceaux optimisés en termes d'élargissement spectral et de densité spectrale de puissance pour la microspectroscopie Multiplex-CARS. Pour ce faire, les moyens de développer des continuums spectraux performants ont été explorés dans trois fibres optiques différentes: une fibre microstructurées air/silice monomode à gros cœur dopé à l'ytterbium permettant une réamplification du signal tout au long de sa propagation ; une fibre monomode conventionnelle en régime de dispersion normale pour obtenir un élargissement spectral par saturation du gain Raman ; une fibre multimode dans laquelle le faisceau spectralement élargi par saturation du gain Raman à très forte puissance subit également un auto-nettoyage spatial par effet Kerr tout au long de sa propagation, produisant en sortie un faisceau de forte brillance dont le profil d’intensité est semblable à celui du mode fondamental. Une étude spectrotemporelle complète est présentée pour ces trois sources. / Coherent Raman microspectroscopy (CARS) is an optical method used to identify molecular bonds in a sample in order to analyze and determine its complete composition. It requires the simultaneous excitation of the sample by two waves (the pump wave and the Stokes wave) in order to induce resonant vibration of the bond to be detected. For multiple bonds analysis (broadband coherent Raman microspectroscopy our Multiplex-CARS), the monochromatic Stokes wave must be replaced by a broadband beam (supercontinuum). The aim of this thesis was to design supercontinuum sources optimized for Multiplex-CARS application, in particular in terms of spectral bandwidth and spectral power density. Supercontinuum generation was investigated in three different optical fibers: (i) a microstructured single mode fiber with a large Yb doped core in which the input beam was re-amplified all along its propagation; (ii) a conventional singlemode fiber pumped in the normal dispersion regime in which spectral broadening was achieved by means of Raman gain saturation; (iii) a conventional graded-index multimode fiber in which the beam spectrally broadened by Raman gain saturation at very high power also experienced spatial self-cleaning by Kerr effect, resulting in a high brillance output beam with an,intensity profile close to that of the fundamental mode. A complete spectrotemporal study is achieved for each of these three sources.

The aim of the master thesis is to assess frameworks that are used for development of multiplatform cell phone applications supported by HTML technology. The theoretical part is focused to current market analysis, mobile access issues and the issue of difficulties in specific cases of their application. Analysis is followed by choice of evaluation criteria for setting the most appropriate architecture. Selected evaluation criteria will be used as a tool for detecting of the optimal technology's possibility, which is the most appropriate possibility for development of basic cell phones applications. The practical part is focused to choosing of new evaluation criteria, which helps to create specific questionnaire research. The confirmation or refuse of the hypothesis set up the level of criteria's severity. Based on criteria there will be selected and analysed six of the most used hybrid frameworks. Two of the frameworks with the highest ratings will be tested by real basic cell phone application. The conclusion of the thesis will be follow up by tested frameworks. The frameworks will be described and measured by the author's development experiences.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Healthcare data visualization presents challenges due to its non-standard organizational structure and disparate record formats. Epidemiologists and clinicians currently lack the tools to discern patterns in large-scale data that would reveal valuable healthcare information at the granular level of individual patients and populations. Integrating geospatial and temporal healthcare data within a common visual context provides a twofold benefit: it allows clinicians to synthesize large-scale healthcare data to provide a context for local patient care decisions, and it better informs epidemiologists in making public health recommendations. Advanced implementations of the Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG), HyperText Markup Language version 5 (HTML5), and Cascading Style Sheets version 3 (CSS3) specifications in the latest versions of most major Web browsers brought hardware-accelerated graphics to the Web and opened the door for more intricate and interactive visualization techniques than have previously been possible. We developed a series of new geotemporal visualization techniques under a general healthcare data visualization framework in order to provide a real-time dashboard for analysis and exploration of complex healthcare data. This visualization framework, HealthTerrain, is a concept space constructed using text and data mining techniques, extracted concepts, and attributes associated with geographical locations. HealthTerrain's association graph serves two purposes. First, it is a powerful interactive visualization of the relationships among concept terms, allowing users to explore the concept space, discover correlations, and generate novel hypotheses. Second, it functions as a user interface, allowing selection of concept terms for further visual analysis. In addition to the association graph, concept terms can be compared across time and location using several new visualization techniques. A spatial-temporal choropleth map projection embeds rich textures to generate an integrated, two-dimensional visualization. Its key feature is a new offset contour method to visualize multidimensional and time-series data associated with different geographical regions. Additionally, a ring graph reveals patterns at the fine granularity of patient occurrences using a new radial coordinate-based time-series visualization technique.

The aim of this work is to design a filter of the type low–pass of order 5th with Butterworth’s approximation in the range of over-tuning 10 – 100 kHz and if it will be possible so! achieve even higher marginal frequencies. To compare two typical representatives of the frequency filters cascading and non-cascading synthesis from the viewpoint the accuracy of an! approximation function, sensitivity to the tolerance values of components, number of the components (mainly OZ) and viability, especially the possibility of electronic over-tuning in selected frequency range. On the basis of these conditions will be chosen one design, which will be realized later. Further it will be necessary to consider the possibilities of electronic over-tuning and to choose for this over-tuning suitable component, to design user management changes of marginal frequency fm by the help of keyboard + LCD and control application on the PC. For this hardware will be programmed appropriate control software. At the end of this work will be constructed appropriate device, which fullfils requirements written above and will be subjected to the laboratory measurements that verify function of this device. The constructional details of the filter are presented in the enclosure at the end of this work. At the CD are available all materials, which were created during the master’s thesis or which are necessarily concerned.

Chaque être vivant interagit avec une ou plusieurs espèces et est membre d'un réseau complexe d'interactions qui influencent les traits des individus, exerçant de fait des pressions sélectives sur leurs populations. Chaque espèce étant dépendante de la nature et de la diversité des interactions dans lesquelles elle est impliquée, son évolution est donc en partie liée aux autres espèces avec lesquelles elle interagit. Un hôte et son parasitoïde vivent dans une dynamique coévolutive, prenant part à une véritable 'course aux armements', où les différentes stratégies d'attaque peuvent être sélectionnés chez le parasitoïde en réponse aux différentes formes de défenses chez l'hôte. Ce dernier interagit également avec d'autres organismes qui modifient ses traits, impactant les aptitudes du parasitoïde, perturbant leur dynamique coévolutive. L'objectif de ce travail est ainsi d'identifier l'influence du réseau d'interactions du puceron du pois Acyrthosiphon pisum sur l'évolution et l'écologie des populations de son principal parasitoïde Aphidius ervi. Le puceron du pois est lui-même parasite de sa plante hôte, leur coévolution aboutissant à une spécialisation de cet aphide cette espèce hôte végétale. Les populations de pucerons sont donc structurées en races d'hôtes sympatriques, divergeant génétiquement et phénotypiquement. Notre étude montre une absence de structuration génétique des populations de parasitoïdes selon les races d'hôte. A. ervi exploite indifféremment les A. pisum issus de différentes plantes hôtes, excluant la présence d'un effet cascade associé à la spécialisation alimentaire chez ce puceron. La dispersion et le caractère généraliste du parasitoïde semblent favoriser les flux de gènes entre les différents éléments d'un paysage agricole. A. pisum peut également abriter le symbiote Hamiltonella defensa qui lui confère une résistance à A. ervi. Ces microorganismes symbiotiques induisent une réduction des défenses comportementales chez les pucerons porteurs. Cette diminution de l'expression des comportements défensifs favorise à la fois le puceron et son symbiote car elle réduit les coûts associés à ces comportements. Enfin, une évolution expérimentale sur des populations de parasitoïdes soumises à des populations d'hôtes portant H. defensa (résistantes) ou non (sensibles) montre une adaptation des parasitoïdes soumis aux hôtes résistants. Cette adaptation s'accompagne d'une réduction de la variabilité génétique dans les populations exposées à la résistance. On observe également une divergence génétique entre les populations exposées ou non à la résistance conférée par le symbiote, H. defensa. Cette expérimentation met en évidence le potentiel évolutif des populations d'A. ervi et donc leurs capacités d'adaptation face à des pucerons résistants. Les intérêts fondamentaux et appliqués de ces travaux sont discutés et replacés dans un contexte général.

Water distribution systems, electrical power transmission systems, and other civil infrastructure systems are essential to the smooth and stable operation of regional economies. Since the functions of such infrastructure systems often are inter-dependent, the systems sometimes suffer unforeseen functional disruptions. For example, the widespread power outage due to the malfunction of an electric power substation, which occurred in the northeastern United States and parts of Canada in August 2003, interrupted the supply of water to several communities, leading to inconvenience and economic losses. The sequence of such failures leading to widespread outages is referred to as a cascading failure. Assessing the vulnerability of communities to natural and man-made hazards should take the possibility of such failures into account. In seismic risk assessment, the risk to a facility or a building is generally specified by one of two basic approaches: through a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and a stipulated scenario earthquake (SE). A PSHA has been widely accepted as a basis for design and evaluation of individual buildings, bridges and other facilities. However, the vulnerability assessment of distributed infrastructure facilities requires a model of spatial intensity of earthquake ground motion. Since the ground motions from a PSHA represent an aggregation of earthquakes, they cannot model the spatial variation in intensity. On the other hand, when a SE-based analysis is used, the spatial correlation of seismic intensities must be properly evaluated. This study presents a new methodology for evaluating the functionality of an infrastructure system situated in a region of moderate seismicity considering functional interactions among the systems in the network, cascading failure, and spatial correlation of ground motion. The functional interactions among facilities in the systems are modeled by fault trees, and the impact of cascading failures on serviceability of a networked system is computed by a procedure from the field of operations research known as a shortest path algorithm. The upper and lower bound solutions to spatial correlation of seismic intensities over a region are obtained.