Sammanfattning Vårt examensarbete i pedagogik handlar om kränkningar mellan lärare och elever på Colin Leclairgymnasiet i Södertälje. Syftet med studien var att finna när och hur kränkningar mellan lärare och elever förekommer, och i vilken utsträckning kränkningar förekommer. Metoden vi har valt att använda i studien är en fallstudie. Studien är gjord med hjälp av en enkätundersökning som både lärare och elever på skolan har besvarat. Tjugo lärare och åttioåtta elever har besvarat vår enkätundersökning. Frågorna handlade bland annat om: • Har du känt dig kränkt av någon lärare/elev någon gång? • Beskriv händelsen i ord. • Har du själv någon gång omedvetet och/eller medvetet kränkt någon lärare/elev? • Hur kan man förebygga kränkningar? Resultatet i vår undersökning visar att elever svarar ärligare än sina lärare då de ska reflektera över sig själva. Vi tror inte att eleverna på samma sätt känner sig hotade av vår undersökning som vi har upplevt hos lärarna på skolan. Dessutom visar undersökningen att lärarna på skolan vanligtvis inte verkar reflektera över hur de uppträder mot sina elever. Vår rekommendation för att förebygga kränkningar på skolan är att skapa en ömsesidig dialog mellan lärare och elever med hjälp av att ha ett interkulturellt förhållningssätt till varandra. Nyckelord: Fallstudie, Elev, Lärare, Kränkningar, Interkulturell, Reflektera / Our degree thesis is about insulting treatment between teachers and students at Colin Leclairgymnasiet in Södertälje. The purpose with this study was to find out when and how insults between teachers and students appear, and to what extent they appear. The method we have used for our study is a case study. Twenty teachers and eighty-eight students have filled out a questionnaire. The main questions we asked were: • Have you ever felt insulted by a teacher/student? • Describe in words the event? • Have you ever unconsciously or deliberately insulted a teacher/student? • How can we prevent insulted acts? The results we have discovered show that students answer more honestly than their teachers do when they are going to reflect over themselves. We believe that the students do not feel threatened by our study, like the teachers seem to be. We also assume that the teachers at Colin Leclairgymnasiet generally do not reflect over how they behave towards the students. Our recommendation to prevent insults among teachers and students is to create a mutual dialogue between teachers and students by practising intercultural ways to meet each other.

The intimate connection between autonomy and decision-making in applied health care, especially in various kinds of consent and refusal has taken center stage in medical ethics since the Salgo decision in 1957. Prior to that time, the physician’s supposedly moral duty to provide appropriate medical care typically surpassed the legal obligation to respect patient’s autonomy. The Salgo decision concluded that physicians have a legal duty to provide facts necessary for the patient to make an informed decision. "The doctor knows best" long ago was replaced with "The doctor proposes; the patient disposes." There is no legal obligation for the patient’s choice to be palatable to anyone, other than that patient himself/herself. Although Beauchamp and Childress justified the obligation to solicit decisions from patients and potential research subjects by the principle of respect for autonomy, they however, acknowledged that the principle’s precise demands remain unsettled and open to interpretations and specification. This thesis addresses a current debate in the bioethical community on the four-principle approach. Using Tom Beauchamp and James Childress as case study, to discuss mainly the principle of respect for autonomy, I go on to explain their central arguments concerning this principle in relation to decision making in health care ethics. Rather than focus on their respective weaknesses, which many theorist and health care professionals do, I emphasis instead on the contribution the principle of respect for autonomy can make in the process of ethical decision making in health care situation.

The media has responded toward unethical behavior in rainforests during the ‘80’s, triggering the still upcoming trend of investigation of ethical considerations, as described by Macfarlane (1995). Many researchers are constantly improving the ethical theories and showing continued change in the perception of ethics (Svensson & Wood, 2007) The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of ethics on the proactive or reactive behavior of companies, with a downward tendency provided in the value chain. The theoretical framework consists out of a set of theories supporting the goal of identifying ethics within a company, applying a new business ethics model and measuring the pro-active and re-active behavior of the stakeholder in the value chain. Finally, all the theories used, are combined in an integrated theoretical model used to justify the collection of empirical data and to give structure to the analysis. The empirical data has been gathered through non structured and semi-structured interviews with customers, employees within the case company, and a supplier to the case company. These findings are complemented with secondary data gathered through websites, annual reports, codes of conduct, media articles and others sources. The findings of the study showed that the (in the theoretical framework) assumption of a downward effect in perception and change in ethical considerations is not as obvious as previously thought. Within this case study, the ethical influences come from the case company, situated in the middle of the value chain, influencing both the consumer and the supplier, in ethical considerations.

Title: Leadership and its implications on Work integrated social enterprises Level: Final study for Master Degree in Business Administration University of Gävle Department of Business Administration and Economic Studies 801 76 Gävle Sweden Telephone (+46) 26 64 85 00 Telefax (+46) 26 64 85 89 Web site http://www.hig.se Authors: Andreas Petersson and Ivette Solla Supervisor: Dr. Maria Fregidou-Malama Abstract Aim: Leadership and its implications on empowering employees of work integrated social enterprises Method: We based our study on the data gathered from two interviews of Coompanion in Sweden and four interviews on Work Integrated Social Enterprises of Hudiksvall. The data was gathered through case studies. Major focus of the study: How a leader and the way leadership is promoted within a social enterprise can influence the people working within a Social Enterprise and specifically the role of the empowerment in social enterprises are the major focus of this study. Situational leadership was used as the theoretic model to study the role of empowerment and motivation. In order to draw our conclusions we studied four social enterprises and Coompanion, which is an organization that works as an adviser of Social Enterprises. Result: Our analysis illustrates how the unique network consisting of the public sector, Coompanion Hudiksvall and the four Work Integrated Social Enterprises creates a win-win situation for all parts. It also creates the foundation of empowerment with a clear vision to the leaders of these four enterprises, which flows through them. Conclusion: The network, the work integrated social enterprises and the leaders within the social enterprises coexist to create social gain, increasing society’s welfare. Further studies: A quantitative research to find out what are the specific aspects that are relevant to the employees in terms of being motivated. Correlations between what the employee thinks are important and empowerment could be measured. Key words: Coompanion, motivation, empowerment, social enterprise, networking, Den glada Hudik-modellen, situational leadership, case study, qualitative method.

The problem of automating design processes is often related to the difficulties with updating, maintaining and sharing the information. This thesis provides a descriptive case study of a large company’s design automation process and the difficulties of reusing already existing solutions.   The main purpose of the thesis has been to trace a product family from its specification of demands to a complete design program. An account is given of the documentation written during the product development process, of the different data storages and also how the company has implemented design automation in their process.   The results have been reached through a series of interviews as well as previous studies and material from the company. From an analysis of the results proposed solutions are given and focus on the low quality the documentation has and how it is a result of a rapid growth within the company.

This study aims to model a regional rail based intermodal transport system and to examine the feasibility of it through a case study for a shipper of daily consumables distributing in an urban area and to evaluate it regarding cost and emissions. The idea of an intermodal line train is that of making intermediate stops along the route thus enabling the coverage of a larger market area than conventional intermodal services, hence reducing the high cost associated with feeder transports, the congestion on the road network and generated externalities. The results of the case study indicate that the most critical parameters for the feasibility of such a system are the loading space utilization of the train and the cost for terminal handling. / <p>QC 20130531</p> / Regional kombitransportsystem i Mälardalen

In this thesis the relationship between the physical environment of preschool, children and preschool teachers is studied. Children participate in preschool from an early age and thus are expected to find themselves within an institutional framework (Eilard &amp; Tallberg Broman, 2011) early in life. Today preschool as an institution can be seen as a place where childhood to a great extent is spent and created (Halldén, 2007e). The physical environment of preschool can consequently be regarded as a structure within which childhood is institutionalized (Kampmann, 2004). In general the thesis deals with how children are shaped by and shape the physical environment that they spend so much time in during early childhood. The purpose is clarified in the following questions: How does the physical environment of preschool structure and organise the activities of chil-dren? What activities are created in relation to the possibilities and limitations of the physical environment? In what way can the relationship between the invitations of the physical environment, the child’s scope for action, and preschool teachers be seen? To understand the empirical material in the thesis the concept of affordance (J.J.Gibson, 1986) and the activity theory (Leontiev, 1986; Engeström, 1987) has been used. The empirical evidence in the thesis is based on both video observations and interviews. The study was designed as a multiple case study (Stake, 1995), and three preschool classes each formed a case. The study was inspired by ethnography. The significance of seeing the environment as a set of affordances (J.J.Gibson, 1986) is that it, to a greater degree, can lead to children being allowed to discover the invitations to action there are and as a result freedom to act and negotiations can be created in both inside and outside environments. Through this way of thinking a free zone is created in an institutionalised childhood where children through their agency handle and redesign that which was intended to regulate and give structure. As a counterbalance to the institutionalisation of childhood this study contribute to an understanding of children’s individual and collective activities as a free zone in an otherwise controlled and regulated milieu. The contribution of this thesis consists of the study of the physical environment and the importance of the material in forming the child.

This thesis presents empirical research in the field of software development with a focus on handling semantic aspects. There is a general lack of empirical data in the field of software development. This makes it difficult for industry to choose an appropriate method for their particular needs. The lack of empirical data also makes it difficult to convey academic results to the industrial world. This thesis tries to remedy this problem by presenting a number of empirical evaluations that have been conducted to evaluate some common approaches in the field of semantics handling. The evaluations have produced some interesting results, but their main contribution is the addition to the body of knowledge on how to perform empirical evaluations in software development. The evaluations presented in this thesis include a between-groups controlled experiment, industrial case studies and a full factorial design controlled experiment. The factorial design seems like the most promising approach to use when the number of factors that need to be controlled is high and the number of available test subjects is low. A factorial design has the power to evaluate more than one factor at a time and hence to gauge the effects from different factors on the output. Another contribution of the thesis is the development of a method for handling semantic aspects in an industrial setting. A background investigation performed concludes that there seems to be a gap between what academia proposes and how industry handles semantics in the development process. The proposed method aims at bridging this gap. It is based on academic results but has reduced formalism to better suit industrial needs. The method is applicable in an industrial setting without interfering too much with the normal way of working, yet providing important benefits. This method is evaluated in the empirical studies along with other methods for handling semantics. In the area of semantic handling, further contributions of the thesis include a taxonomy for semantic handling methods as well as an improved understanding of the relation between semantic errors and the concept of contracts as a means of avoiding and handling these errors.

An ongoing debate surrounds the question of whether digital media can promote participatory democracy. A qualitative case study was conducted on Barack Obama’s campaign social networking site, my.barackobama.com, in order to investigate the ways in which the website promotes or discourages participatory democracy. For a rich analysis, the case study drew on various relevant theoretical perspectives, including the concepts of participatory democracy and digital democracy. The case study included a content analysis of the website and interviews with members of groups on the site. The study found that my.barackobama.com promoted political knowledge and non-electoral participation, but failed to promote political discussion and community. Consequently, the recommendations highlighted the importance of an online public sphere. The findings of this case study add to the research literature about the political use of digital media, and they also add new information about Barack Obama’s digital media strategies.

Increasingly, gastronomy is playing a role in people’s motivation for travel, and destinations are making food and beverages their main attraction. This study explored the growing field of gastronomic tourism, a type of niche tourism, through the theoretical framework of destination branding theory. Using a qualitative case study research design, this research examined the branding of the emergent region of Prince Edward County, Ontario, Canada as a gastronomic niche tourism destination from the perspective of tourism industry players. Findings indicated that the region turned to gastronomic tourism due to its agricultural history and need for economic development. It was also found that tourism industry players utilized the processes of brand identity, product development, collaboration, support and communication to brand the region. This study contributes scholarly and practical knowledge to the areas of tourism and branding, by providing insight into the development, management and promotion of destination brands.