More and more preschools are choosing to reduce the sugar consumption. The reason is, inter alia, the increase of weight in the community, but there is also research showing that sugar is harmful to children. The discussions on sugar and children are also a hot media topic. I have chosen to use a qualitative method, interviews, to gather material for the essay. I have interviewed a teacher and a cook in three different preschools, in different municipalities. I have also looked at their various nutrition policies to see how the guidelines for their work on diet and health look like. I have been inspired by Vygotskys socio-cultural perspective on learning which broadly means that we learn in social contexts and communicative processes is central to the socio-cultural perspective. Furthermore, interest in how individuals and groups acquire and utilize physical and cognitive resources and the interplay between collective and individual focus. The purpose of this paper is to find out why the surveyed preschools are working to reduce the amount of sugar served. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to show how the preschools where I interviewed my informants work with diet and health and find out what their attitudes to sugar and what they want to convey to the children and their families. My questions are: What's behind the decision to decrease sugar intake of the investigated preschools and what was the process like? What thoughts the staff at the preschool have about the role of sugar, for everyday and festive? How do the preschools work with diet and health and why do they work in that way? My conclusions are that it was the municipality who decided that preschools would work to reduce the amount of sugar and convey a healthy lifestyle. Their theory was that the decision was made because there was much talk about sugar's effects on health in the media and that a lot of research in this area was presented. The preschools had been quick to embrace the new guidelines and were in favour. They started with measures like thinking about what snacks they served the children and to get them used to eating non-sweetened food. They did, however, agree that the sugar would not be banned completely but they wanted to show that it was good to eat in moderation and at certain times. All three preschools served some sweets at major ceremonies, this traditionally include some treats such as gingerbread cookies around Christmas. However, they chose not to celebrate with sweets at the children's birthdays. This was mainly because it would be too often. They also wanted to show the children that when there was a party the focus did not lie on the goodies. Preschool is also an addition to the home and is, together with the parents, responsible for the children to having a balanced energy intake during the day. Therefore, they argued that it was good to be clear about the kids did not consuming too much sugar at the preschool. The parents could then account for that part at home. Some parents initially thought it was sad and strange that they were not allowed to bring sweets for the children's birthdays. But the teachers explained why and as time passed the parents got used to it and they were now very positive. The cooks were more engaged in the topic and found the teachers should work more explicitly and actively talk about sugar and a good diet. The teachers said that they did not want to affect the children given the harsh health and body image conveyed by the media. Instead, they wanted a natural way to be healthy and be good role models themselves. The teachers could be more involved and try to entice children to try new things and oversee what they put on their plates. None of the teachers said that they tried to influence parents to think healthy, but they hoped they would be inspired by the pre-schools work and told them about why they were working on reducing sugar.

This thesis examines four regional community cultural festivals in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It reveals the complex interplay of a sense of place and community, a destination’s identity and representation, host guest relationships and the underlying nature and role of celebration expressed in each festival. It examines the regional context in which the Jacaranda Festival in Grafton, the Beef Week celebrations in Casino, the New Year’s Eve celebrations in Byron Bay and the Mardi Grass Law reform rally in Nimbin are conducted. An extensive literature review provides a global perspective on theories, issues and trends in the sectors reflected in the case study festivals. The phenomenological approach to the case study methodology is explained before each festival is closely scrutinized, addressing the study’s aim.The thesis aims at a better understanding of the elements of resilience fostered by festivals when communities take intentional action. This resilience dimension emerged as a major outcome of the initial investigation of the nature and role of festivals in regional communities.The thesis argues that festivals allow people to reflect and determine a sense of community and place, represent their image and identity and contribute to cultural tourism. Community festivals involve the local population in a shared experience to their mutual benefit by providing both social functions and symbolic meanings. This study contends that community-based festivals celebrate the community’s social identity, its historical continuity and its cultural resilience. They are socially constructed and negotiated phenomena and can be staged in everyday places that also become tourist places. Festivals provide a forum for creativity, custom, heritage and cultural practices for both resident and guest.Investigating community cultural festivals from multiple perspectives allows for greater understanding of the nuances of the relationships between stakeholders. By identifying the patterns, structures and meanings of the contexts that festivals represent we are better informed of the distinctive values, interests and aspirations held by residents when they host festivals. Perspectives on community festivals and resilience were canvassed from diverse perspectives as demonstrated by the following typical responses:Nourishing resilience through Festivals and CommunitiesThere are many intangible reasons why a community chooses to host a festival such as socio-cultural, economic, political and environmental and each reason is not mutually exclusive (Backman et al, 1995).The Northern Rivers region stands apart from the rest of rural Australia as living as if the future matters. This is a very powerful attractor in these times of urban decay and environmental despair (Dunstan, 1994:2).Sense of place, can be described as, the common ground where interpretation and community development meets in a concern to create or enhance a sense of place, to establish what is significant and valued in the environment or heritage of a particular community, and to provide action for its wider appreciation and conservation (Binks, 1989:191 cited Trotter, 1998).Democratic communities take responsibility for their future. It is undeniable that cohesive community events based on ideals create a sense of community. The excitement and joy that people feel when they work together for their community and future means that they will attempt to recreate that experience. It becomes their preferred way (Emery, 1995:70).…the notion of community is always something of a myth. A community implies a coherent entity with a clear identity and a commonality of purpose. The reality is that communities, more often than not, are made up of an agglomeration of factions and interest groups often locked in competitive relationships (Smit, 1995 cited in Joppe, 1996:475).Community, the custodians of the content of Australian tourism, must be enabled to participate in tourism by forming its content. Only if Australians are involved in tourism will it survive, (Wood, 1993:7).Through direct contact and interaction with each festival, the qualitative exploratory study reveals how in formal and informal ways participants at the four case study sites demonstrate the diverse and fragmented nature of festivals. Although none of these festivals is identical, some consistent patterns do emerge to demonstrate that comparisons can be developed. These patterns have their own advantages and disadvantages and it is evident that success or failure is not linked to a particular model for such festivals. Each community has an ongoing challenge of determining how their festival can best meet its needs presently and into the future. Each is trying to keep pace with the changes that are taking place within their communities, within the region and from external forces. This is where the study also generates new knowledge: tracking the changes occurring in community festivals in contemporary regional Australia.Through a systematic analysis of data the study significantly contributes to our understanding of the character of community festivals. Through surveys, interviews, media analysis, photographic images and critical observation, it clearly observes that social, economic and environmental issues currently presented in the literature require greater deconstruction and critical engagement. Rich and quilted description of the festivals informs this research providing grounded scholarly investigation. This approach leads to a greater understanding of significant social and cultural agendas in regional communities. Festivals add value to communities. They creatively produce and embed culture. They can be viewed as celebrations of resilience.Through a systematic analysis of data the study significantly contributes to our understanding of the character of community festivals. Through surveys, interviews, media analysis, photographic images and critical observation, it clearly observes that social, economic and environmental issues currently presented in the literature require greater deconstruction and critical engagement. Rich and quilted description of the festivals informs this research providing grounded scholarly investigation. This approach leads to a greater understanding of significant social and cultural agendas in regional communities. Festivals add value to communities. They creatively produce and embed culture. They can be viewed as celebrations of resilience.At the core of the investigation is an analysis of how the process of nourishing resilience by making inclusive celebrations, unleashes relationships between many stakeholders. Each participant contributes to the program, traditions, cultural practices, impact and reach of events with differing voices and emphases.In principle, festivals and their host communities offer individual members a framework for attending to general aspects of life. This study reaffirms that community festivals particularly hold a significant position in three areas of the human condition. They celebrate a sense of place through organising inclusive activities in specific safe environments. They provide a vehicle for communities to host visitors and share such activities as representations of communally agreed values, interests and aspirations. Finally, they are the outward manifestation of the identity of the community and provide a distinctive identifier of place and people.

This thesis examines four regional community cultural festivals in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. It reveals the complex interplay of a sense of place and community, a destination’s identity and representation, host guest relationships and the underlying nature and role of celebration expressed in each festival. It examines the regional context in which the Jacaranda Festival in Grafton, the Beef Week celebrations in Casino, the New Year’s Eve celebrations in Byron Bay and the Mardi Grass Law reform rally in Nimbin are conducted. An extensive literature review provides a global perspective on theories, issues and trends in the sectors reflected in the case study festivals. The phenomenological approach to the case study methodology is explained before each festival is closely scrutinized, addressing the study’s aim.The thesis aims at a better understanding of the elements of resilience fostered by festivals when communities take intentional action. This resilience dimension emerged as a major outcome of the initial investigation of the nature and role of festivals in regional communities.The thesis argues that festivals allow people to reflect and determine a sense of community and place, represent their image and identity and contribute to cultural tourism. Community festivals involve the local population in a shared experience to their mutual benefit by providing both social functions and symbolic meanings. This study contends that community-based festivals celebrate the community’s social identity, its historical continuity and its cultural resilience. They are socially constructed and negotiated phenomena and can be staged in everyday places that also become tourist places. Festivals provide a forum for creativity, custom, heritage and cultural practices for both resident and guest.Investigating community cultural festivals from multiple perspectives allows for greater understanding of the nuances of the relationships between stakeholders. By identifying the patterns, structures and meanings of the contexts that festivals represent we are better informed of the distinctive values, interests and aspirations held by residents when they host festivals. Perspectives on community festivals and resilience were canvassed from diverse perspectives as demonstrated by the following typical responses:Nourishing resilience through Festivals and CommunitiesThere are many intangible reasons why a community chooses to host a festival such as socio-cultural, economic, political and environmental and each reason is not mutually exclusive (Backman et al, 1995).The Northern Rivers region stands apart from the rest of rural Australia as living as if the future matters. This is a very powerful attractor in these times of urban decay and environmental despair (Dunstan, 1994:2).Sense of place, can be described as, the common ground where interpretation and community development meets in a concern to create or enhance a sense of place, to establish what is significant and valued in the environment or heritage of a particular community, and to provide action for its wider appreciation and conservation (Binks, 1989:191 cited Trotter, 1998).Democratic communities take responsibility for their future. It is undeniable that cohesive community events based on ideals create a sense of community. The excitement and joy that people feel when they work together for their community and future means that they will attempt to recreate that experience. It becomes their preferred way (Emery, 1995:70).…the notion of community is always something of a myth. A community implies a coherent entity with a clear identity and a commonality of purpose. The reality is that communities, more often than not, are made up of an agglomeration of factions and interest groups often locked in competitive relationships (Smit, 1995 cited in Joppe, 1996:475).Community, the custodians of the content of Australian tourism, must be enabled to participate in tourism by forming its content. Only if Australians are involved in tourism will it survive, (Wood, 1993:7).Through direct contact and interaction with each festival, the qualitative exploratory study reveals how in formal and informal ways participants at the four case study sites demonstrate the diverse and fragmented nature of festivals. Although none of these festivals is identical, some consistent patterns do emerge to demonstrate that comparisons can be developed. These patterns have their own advantages and disadvantages and it is evident that success or failure is not linked to a particular model for such festivals. Each community has an ongoing challenge of determining how their festival can best meet its needs presently and into the future. Each is trying to keep pace with the changes that are taking place within their communities, within the region and from external forces. This is where the study also generates new knowledge: tracking the changes occurring in community festivals in contemporary regional Australia.Through a systematic analysis of data the study significantly contributes to our understanding of the character of community festivals. Through surveys, interviews, media analysis, photographic images and critical observation, it clearly observes that social, economic and environmental issues currently presented in the literature require greater deconstruction and critical engagement. Rich and quilted description of the festivals informs this research providing grounded scholarly investigation. This approach leads to a greater understanding of significant social and cultural agendas in regional communities. Festivals add value to communities. They creatively produce and embed culture. They can be viewed as celebrations of resilience.Through a systematic analysis of data the study significantly contributes to our understanding of the character of community festivals. Through surveys, interviews, media analysis, photographic images and critical observation, it clearly observes that social, economic and environmental issues currently presented in the literature require greater deconstruction and critical engagement. Rich and quilted description of the festivals informs this research providing grounded scholarly investigation. This approach leads to a greater understanding of significant social and cultural agendas in regional communities. Festivals add value to communities. They creatively produce and embed culture. They can be viewed as celebrations of resilience.At the core of the investigation is an analysis of how the process of nourishing resilience by making inclusive celebrations, unleashes relationships between many stakeholders. Each participant contributes to the program, traditions, cultural practices, impact and reach of events with differing voices and emphases.In principle, festivals and their host communities offer individual members a framework for attending to general aspects of life. This study reaffirms that community festivals particularly hold a significant position in three areas of the human condition. They celebrate a sense of place through organising inclusive activities in specific safe environments. They provide a vehicle for communities to host visitors and share such activities as representations of communally agreed values, interests and aspirations. Finally, they are the outward manifestation of the identity of the community and provide a distinctive identifier of place and people.

The work focuses on issues of witch trials and the Šumpersko Jesenicko. This is a proposal for the festival "AD CAELOS PROSPERO" on 325th anniversary of the burning Šumperk Dean K. A. Lautner, which will be held in the spirit of witch.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Apesar de ser percebida como uma entidade supra-humana, a instituição Igreja é o resultado de um trabalho desenvolvido cotidianamente por indivíduos dedicados a tal empreendimento. Na Igreja Assembleia de Deus da vila Provetá, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ, esse trabalho contínuo vem sendo realizado com bastante êxito. O crescimento da vila foi concomitante ao crescimento da Igreja e seu corpo ministerial. Vinculado à sua história houve o processo de evangelização de grande parte dos moradores. Assim, a Igreja Assembleia de Deus Provetá detém uma clara hegemonia sobre o modo de vida local há pelo menos três gerações. Seu território é designado e percebido, tanto pelas pessoas dali, quanto pelas pessoas de fora, como um lugar regido por preceitos religiosos, cuja moral é predominantemente pentecostal. Este trabalho concentra-se na investigação acerca dos conjuntos da Assembleia de Deus, suas festas religiosas e desdobramentos. As festas e principalmente a organização e preparação das mesmas são veículos através do qual um cotidiano e/ou uma maneira de viver se manifesta. Tais práticas formam um complexo empreendimento que mobiliza grande parte da população local e revela dimensões sociais específicas. Ao delinear a forma com que a Igreja se inscreve na vida cotidiana dos fiéis, pode-se compreender de forma mais clara a interface entre religião e comunidade presente neste estudo de caso. / Even though perceived as a supra-human entity, the Church is the result of constant and arduous input of individuals who dedicate their time and effort to that purpose. In the Assembleia de Deus church located at the village of Provetá, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ, this individual effort has been, so far, successful. The development of the village of Provetá is directly associated and concomitant to the growth of the church and its ministerial representatives. The evangelization of the majority of the local dwellers is part of the story of this village. The church Assembleia de Deus of Provetá clearly detains an important and hegemonic role in determining the local life style for, at least, three generations. Its territory is well defined and perceived by locals, as well as by outsiders, as being a religious place where the Pentecostal lifestyle is predominant. This research investigates the groups that constituent the Assembleia de Deus, its religious celebrations and the consequences of the existence of these two characteristics. In other words, these celebrations and their preparation is a form of manifestation of their lifestyle and a valuable opportunity that unable us to understand the routine of these residents. These festivities form a complex venture that assembles the majority of the local community and reveals specific social dimensions. Henceforth, once we can delimitate the way the church inserts itself in the day-to-day activities of its followers, one can understand the interface between religion and community, which is the focus of this case study.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:23:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 10844166 bytes, checksum: 57e4f290c70f25ee145a4d348e021e49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work is linked to the research of Teaching History and Historical understanding of the Graduate Program in History from the Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, with a major in History and Historical Culture, it aims is to analyze the school parties and civic celebrations in Paraíba during the New State (1937-1945).We seek to emphasize the importance given to the parties that functioned as essential tools in training and dissemination of a national education, patriotic, civic and service of a moralizing estanovismo . From the articles published in the pages of A União newspaper, A Imprensa, Revista do Ensino, as well as in our references, we discuss the social, cultural and civic celebrations that the policies have had on society in Paraiba, because this type of celebration went beyond the school s walls involving also the local community. While in effect, the dictatorial government of Getúlio Vargas and his staff and stakeholders were responsible for some changes in the festival calendar of the schools, this means that besides the existing dates that we selected to work here, as the Day of Fatherland, Day Work, Flag Day and Arbor Day, new holidays have been added, there was then we prefer to call the invention of new traditions, a concept used by Hobsbawm (1997) and adopted by us as a way to better understand how these changes occurred in the civic calendar and festive and cultural life in school. Among these new holidays invented give prominence to the anniversary of Getúlio Vargas (April 19), anniversary of establishment of the New State (Nov. 10), Youth Day (April 19) and Race Day (celebrated in the homeland of the Week). In this scenario of changes and amendments, the big parades have become a constant in Paraíba streets, these streets that at times of celebration, had a euphoric movement of people who thronged the quest to see the students marching in salute of the ideals New State Policy. / O presente trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Ensino de História e Saberes Históricos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal da Paraíba UFPB, com área de concentração em História e Cultura Histórica tem por objetivo analisar como se realizavam as festas escolares e as comemorações cívicas na Paraíba no período do Estado Novo (1937-1945). Procuramos salientar, a importância dada às festas que funcionavam como ferramentas imprescindíveis na formação e disseminação de uma educação nacional, patriótica, cívica e moralizante a serviço do estadonovismo. A partir das matérias publicadas nas páginas do jornal A União, A Imprensa, Revista do Ensino, bem como na bibliografia consultada, discutimos as repercussões sociais, culturais e políticas que as comemorações cívicas tiveram na sociedade paraibana, pois esse tipo de comemoração ultrapassou os muros escolares chegando à população que delas participavam. Enquanto esteve vigente, o governo ditatorial de Getúlio Vargas e os seus auxiliares e interventores foram responsáveis por algumas modificações no calendário festivo das escolas, isso significa que, além das datas já existentes que aqui selecionamos para trabalhar, como o Dia da Pátria, Dia do Trabalho, Dia da Bandeira e o Dia da Árvore, novos feriados foram inseridos, houve então o que preferimos chamar de invenção de novas tradições, conceito utilizado por Hobsbawm (1997) e adotado por nós como uma forma de entender melhor essas modificações ocorridas no calendário cívico e festivo, bem como na vida cultural escolar. Dentre essas novas datas inventadas demos destaque ao aniversário de Getúlio Vargas (19 de abril), aniversário de implantação do Estado Novo (10 de novembro), Dia da Juventude (19 de abril) e Dia da Raça (comemorado dentro da Semana da Pátria). Nesse cenário de mudanças e alterações, os grandes desfiles cívicos se tornaram uma constante nas ruas paraibanas, ruas estas que, em épocas de festa, contavam com uma movimentação eufórica de pessoas que se aglomeravam em busca de ver os alunos marchando em continência com os ideais da política estadonovista.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Apesar de ser percebida como uma entidade supra-humana, a instituição Igreja é o resultado de um trabalho desenvolvido cotidianamente por indivíduos dedicados a tal empreendimento. Na Igreja Assembleia de Deus da vila Provetá, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ, esse trabalho contínuo vem sendo realizado com bastante êxito. O crescimento da vila foi concomitante ao crescimento da Igreja e seu corpo ministerial. Vinculado à sua história houve o processo de evangelização de grande parte dos moradores. Assim, a Igreja Assembleia de Deus Provetá detém uma clara hegemonia sobre o modo de vida local há pelo menos três gerações. Seu território é designado e percebido, tanto pelas pessoas dali, quanto pelas pessoas de fora, como um lugar regido por preceitos religiosos, cuja moral é predominantemente pentecostal. Este trabalho concentra-se na investigação acerca dos conjuntos da Assembleia de Deus, suas festas religiosas e desdobramentos. As festas e principalmente a organização e preparação das mesmas são veículos através do qual um cotidiano e/ou uma maneira de viver se manifesta. Tais práticas formam um complexo empreendimento que mobiliza grande parte da população local e revela dimensões sociais específicas. Ao delinear a forma com que a Igreja se inscreve na vida cotidiana dos fiéis, pode-se compreender de forma mais clara a interface entre religião e comunidade presente neste estudo de caso. / Even though perceived as a supra-human entity, the Church is the result of constant and arduous input of individuals who dedicate their time and effort to that purpose. In the Assembleia de Deus church located at the village of Provetá, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ, this individual effort has been, so far, successful. The development of the village of Provetá is directly associated and concomitant to the growth of the church and its ministerial representatives. The evangelization of the majority of the local dwellers is part of the story of this village. The church Assembleia de Deus of Provetá clearly detains an important and hegemonic role in determining the local life style for, at least, three generations. Its territory is well defined and perceived by locals, as well as by outsiders, as being a religious place where the Pentecostal lifestyle is predominant. This research investigates the groups that constituent the Assembleia de Deus, its religious celebrations and the consequences of the existence of these two characteristics. In other words, these celebrations and their preparation is a form of manifestation of their lifestyle and a valuable opportunity that unable us to understand the routine of these residents. These festivities form a complex venture that assembles the majority of the local community and reveals specific social dimensions. Henceforth, once we can delimitate the way the church inserts itself in the day-to-day activities of its followers, one can understand the interface between religion and community, which is the focus of this case study.

Este trabalho pretende discutir a emergÃncia histÃrica do discurso sobre a pobreza na cidade de Teresina no inÃcio dos anos 1950. Nesse perÃodo, a comemoraÃÃo do CentenÃrio da cidade, em 1952, mobilizou polÃticos e intelectuais a pensarem a cidade. Sobretudo na imprensa, o reconhecimento do carÃter histÃrico do pauperismo da capital do Estado do Piauà foi um aspecto capitalizado pela crÃtica letrada no momento da efemÃride. Os discursos que permearam a cultura letrada, ao delimitarem a historicidade da pobreza, foram prudentes quanto ao futuro. A ocorrÃncia da seca de 1951-53 e a movimentaÃÃo de flagelados por todo o Estado e na capital, somando-se aos mendigos e pobres urbanos, confluÃram com certa unanimidade para interpretar aquele tempo como um momento de crise evidente. A elevaÃÃo do custo de vida contribuiu de modo contundente para o entendimento de que a crise se agravava dia apÃs dia. A partir da investigaÃÃo de crÃnicas da imprensa, Censos DemogrÃficos, Atas da CÃmara Municipal e Mensagens de Governo, foi possÃvel traÃar as linhas gerais do discurso sobre a crise e a pobreza na visÃo dos letrados. AtravÃs de processos judiciais e da literatura, foi possÃvel sondar, em perspectiva, o cotidiano e a vida de pessoas comuns naquele perÃodo, buscando compreender as ideias e aÃÃes dos pobres em busca de direitos que acreditavam possuir. / This paper work intends to discuss the historical break in the speech about poverty in the city of Teresina in the beginning of the 1950â. This period, the city Centennial Anniversary, in 1952, mobilized politicians and intellectuals to think about the city. Mainly the press, to acknowledge the historical character of the Piauà State Capital pauperism was a highlighted aspect by the literate critic in the ephemeris moment. The speeches which permeated literate culture, delimiting the poverty historicity, were prudent regarding to the future. With the occurrence of the 1951-53 draught and the movement of flagellated all over the State and the Capital city, adding the beggars and urban poor population, converged with certain unanimity to interpret those times as a moment of evident crisis. The higher cost of living contributed bluntly to the understanding that the crisis was being aggravated day by day. By the investigation of press chronicles, Demographic Census, Municipal Chambers Minutes and Government Messages, it was possible to trace the general lines in the speech about the crisis and the poverty in the vision of literate. Throughout lawsuits, it was possible to prospect, in perspective, the day by day of common people in that period, seeking to understand the ideas and actions of poor people while claiming their rights.

Dans le système pluraliste libanais, le mariage ainsi que les matières du statut personnel relèvent exclusivement de la compétence des dix-huit communautés religieuses qui ont un véritable pouvoir de juridiction et de législation en la matière. Cependant, le législateur a permis aux Libanais d’échapper aux statuts religieux applicables en droit interne en célébrant un mariage civil à l’étranger. Ce mariage est reconnu au Liban et il est soumis intégralement à la loi civile étrangère choisie indirectement par les parties. C’est en cela que consiste le libéralisme du droit international privé en matière de mariage qui accorde, en définitive, un rôle important à l’autonomie de la volonté des époux. Cependant, ce libéralisme n’est pas inconditionnel. Il ne déploie ses effets qu’en l’absence de toute célébration religieuse. Les règles du droit international privé deviennent même impérialistes dans la mesure où elles garantissent l’exclusivisme des droits religieux dès qu’un mariage religieux est en cause. C’est la raison pour laquelle les règles du droit international privé du mariage oscillent entre libéralisme et impérialisme et révèlent ainsi le paradoxe du système matrimonial libanais. Cette étude a pour but d’analyser en profondeur les termes de ce paradoxe dans toutes ses nuances. Elle se penche sur les domaines respectifs des droits civils et religieux en matière de mariage pour examiner comment ces droits s’articulent entre eux. Elle tente aussi de mener une réflexion sur les solutions de substitution au système actuel dans le but d’améliorer la législation sur le mariage au Liban. / In the Lebanese pluralist legal system marriage and personal status matters fall exclusively within the competence of the eighteen religious communities which have real power of jurisdiction and legislation in this area. However, the legislator allowed the Lebanese to escape the religious laws applicable locally by celebrating a civil marriage abroad. This marriage is recognized in Lebanon and is subject in full to the foreign civil law chosen indirectly by the parties. That is the liberalism of private international law for marriage which assigns an important role to the spouses’ autonomy and freedom of choice. Yet this liberalism is not unconditional and takes no effect unless the parties have not concluded a religious marriage. Private International laws become even imperialistic when they ensure the exclusive application of religious laws each time a religious marriage takes place. This is the reason why private international laws of marriage oscillate between liberalism and imperialism, and thus reveal the paradox of the Lebanese matrimonial system. This thesis is an in depth study of the terms of this paradox in all its nuances and it aims to determine respectively the competence area of civil and religious laws to better understand how they articulate with each other in marriage conflicts. Also, it examines alternative solutions to the actual system in order to improve the regulations that are applicable to marriage in Lebanon.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-08-07T13:50:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane de Lima_.pdf: 2212661 bytes, checksum: 80637739af45b131e6437dea9033e197 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T13:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane de Lima_.pdf: 2212661 bytes, checksum: 80637739af45b131e6437dea9033e197 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de investigação as comemorações oficiais do Biênio da Colonização e Imigração, ocorridas no Rio Grande do Sul em 1974 e 1975. Promovidas pelo governo estadual, foram impulsionadas pela aproximação das datas comemorativas do Sesquicentenário da Imigração Alemã e do Centenário da Imigração Italiana. O objetivo inicial destas comemorações era homenagear os grupos imigrantes que contribuíram para a formação étnica do estado. Mas, ao longo do processo comemorativo, as homenagens foram estendidas aos grupos negros e indígenas, convertendo o discurso comemorativo. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é explicitar como o governo do Rio Grande do Sul fez uso do passado imigrante do estado ao longo das comemorações do Biênio da Colonização e Imigração. Para tanto, a análise do processo comemorativo foi construída em três momentos: 1) A organização das comemorações. Analisamos o Decreto de instituição dos festejos, responsável por deliberar as ações a serem tomadas ao longo do processo comemorativo, e também a cerimônia solene de instalação das comemorações mediante a presença de autoridades no Palácio do Governo do Estado. Investigamos também a formação das Comissões de Homenagem, compostas por sujeitos autorizados pelo governo, e que ficaram responsáveis pela criação dos Programas Comemorativos de seus respectivos grupos de origem. E, sentimos a necessidade de mapear as cidades participantes dos festejos e quantificar/qualificar os atos celebrativos promovidos, mediante o desmembramento da Programação Oficial. 2) As comemorações ao Pioneirismo Luso-Brasileiro, ao Sesquicentenário Alemão e ao Centenário Italiano. Através da análise da réplica da chegada dos imigrantes alemães e italianos tendo como espectador o Presidente Ernesto Geisel, da promoção de eventos e da criação de instituições de fomento aos estudos do passado imigrante do estado e da construção de monumentos, confirmamos a ênfase dada às comemorações destes três grupos. 3) Por fim, os atos celebrativos promovidos em homenagem aos demais grupos de imigrantes, negros e índios. Analisamos o processo de ampliação de grupos a serem homenageados, e a consequente mudança no discurso oficial destas comemorações. / This dissertation has as its main subject of investigation the official commemorations of the Biennium of the Colonization and Immigration that took place in Rio Grande do Sul in 1974 and 1975. Promoted by the State government, these commemorations were motivated by the upcoming 150th anniversary of the German Immigration and the 100th anniversary of the Italian Immigration. The initial goal of these celebrations was to honor the different immigrant groups who contributed to the ethnic composition of the State. However, during the commemorative process, the tributes were extended to include homage to native and Afro-descendent Brazilians, thus, changing the initial official discourse. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to make explicit how the government of Rio Grande do Sul used the immigrant past of the State during the commemorations of the Biennium of the Colonization and Immigration. To this end, the analysis of the commemorative process is constructed in three periods: 1) The organization of the celebrations. We analyzed the decree instituting the festivities, which determined actions to be taken during the commemorative process and the official ceremony opening the celebrations in the presence of the State government authorities. We also investigated the formation of the Tribute Commissions, composed by individuals authorized by the government, who were also responsible for the creation of the Commemorative Programs of their respective ethnic groups. Also, we mapped the municipalities participating in the festivities, and quantified and qualified the celebratory acts promoted in face of the dismembering of the Official Program. 2) The commemorations honoring the Luso-Brazilian pioneering, the 150th anniversary of German immigration, and the 100th anniversary of Italian immigration. By analyzing the reenactment of the arrival of German and Italian immigrants having as spectator President Ernesto Geisel, the promotion of events and creation of institutions incentivizing the studies of the immigrant history in the State, and the building of monuments, we confirmed the emphasis given to the celebration of these three groups. 3) The celebratory acts promoted in honor of native and Afro-descendent Brazilians. We analyzed the process extending the tributes to these ethnic groups, and its resulting change in the official discourse of these commemorations.