Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2011 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-25T15:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 289034.pdf: 1049548 bytes, checksum: 5e8bb08ab5eb868e74d88ac9eb828c34 (MD5) / Apesar de todos os recursos existentes na atualidade para o tratamento do câncer uma diversidade de problemas é observada tanto em relação à eficácia dos medicamentos e/ou sua resistência quanto à gama de efeitos colaterais que podem ser induzidos pelos mesmos. Na tentativa de aprimorar a terapia antitumoral novos agentes antineoplásicos de origem natural têm sido buscados visto que a maior parte dos medicamentos existentes é proveniente de plantas medicinais. Croton celtidifolius pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae, composta por diversas plantas que possuem atividade antitumoral, é uma planta promissora uma vez que é utilizada popularmente com esta finalidade. O presente estudo propôs avaliar a atividade citotóxica, nucleásica e pró-apoptótica, in vitro, e a atividade antitumoral e antiangiogênica, in vivo, do látex de C. celtidifolius. As análises espectrofotométricas do látex bruto permitiram a identificação de um alto conteúdo de fenóis totais (18,54 g/L), enquanto que as análises cromatográficas (CLAE) permitiram a detecção de compostos fenólicos como flavonóis (miricetina, quercetina e campferol) e flavan-3-óis (catequina, epicatequina, galocatequina e epigalocatequina). No ensaio do MTT, para a avaliação da citotoxicidade, a CI50 encontrada para as células de Ehrlich e MCF-7 foram 169 ± 1,8 e 187 ± 2,2 µg/mL, respectivamente. Além disso, foi possível observar uma redução dose-dependente significativa na viabilidade celular. A coloração diferencial com brometo de etídio (BE) / laranja de acridina (LA) demonstrou o predomínio da indução de morte celular por apoptose que pode possivelmente ser explicada através dos resultados obtidos no ensaio de atividade nucleásica onde o látex foi capaz de causar quebras simples e dupla no DNA plasmidial submetido ao tratamento. Adicionalmente os experimentos realizados com os animais portadores do tumor ascítico de Ehrlich (TAE) demonstraram que o látex de C. celtidifolius foi capaz de inibir o crescimento tumoral ao reduzir o peso dos animais, o volume de tumor, a quantidade de células compactadas e a proporção de células/volume de tumor. A inibição tumoral observada para o látex (La1: 0,78; La2: 1,56 e La3: 3,25 mg/kg) foi 26; 32 e 54%. O dado mais relevante neste ensaio foi o aumento dose-dependente no tempo médio de sobrevida (TMS) (CN: 13; La1: 15,5; La2: 16 e La3: 17,5 dias) e no percentual de aumento de longevidade (PAL) (CN: 0,00; La1: 19,23; La2: 23,08 e La3: 34,61%). Além disso, também foi relatado o efeito antiangiogênico do látex (0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mg/disco) uma vez que este foi capaz de provocar redução na porcentagem de vasos sanguíneos (41; 56; 66 e 75%) observados no ensaio da membrana corioalantóica (CAM). O látex não provocou toxicidade ao embrião uma vez que não foi capaz de alterar a sua morfogênese. Assim, conclui-se que C. celtidifolius apresenta efeitos citotóxico, nucleásico e pró-apoptótico inter-relacionados; e ainda, potencial efeito antitumoral e antiangiogênico. / Despite all the resources at this time for cancer treatment is a diversity of problems observed regarding the efficacy of drugs and/or its resistance as well as the side effects that can be induced by them. In an attempt to improve antitumor therapy new antineoplastic agents from natural sources has been sought since the majority of existing drugs is derived from medicinal plants. Croton celtidifolius belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, comprising several plants that have antitumor activity, is a primising plant since it is popularly use for this pourpose. The present study was to evaluate the citotoxic, nucleasic and pro-apoptotic activities in vitro, and antitumor and antiangiogenic activities in vivo from the latex of C. celtidifolius. The spectrofotometric analysis of crude latex allowed the identification of a hight content of total phenols (18.54 g/L), while chromatography (HPLC) allowed the detection of phenolic compounds such as flavonols (myricitin, quercetin and kaempferol) and flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin and epigallocatechin). In the MTT assay, for the evaluation of citotoxicity, the IC50 observed for the Ehrlich and MCF-7 cells were 169 ± 1.8 e 187 ± 2.2 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore we observed a significant dose-dependent reduction in cell viability. The differential staining with ethidium bromide (BE) / acridin orange (LA) showed the predominance of the induction of apoptotic cell death that can possibly be explained from the tests results of nucleasic activity where latex was able to induced simple and double breaks on treated plasmidal DNA. In addition the experiments with animals carrying the Ehrlich ascitic tumor (TAE) showed that the latex of C. celtidifolius was able to inhibit tumor growth by reducing the weigth of the animals, tumor volum, the amount of packed cells and the proportion of cells / tumor volum. The tumor inhibition observed for the latex (La1: 0.78; La2: 1.56 and La3: 3.25 mg/kg) was 26; 32 and 54%. The most relevant data from this trial was a dose-dependent increase in mean survival time (TMS) (CN: 13; La1: 15.5; La2: 16 e La3: 17.5 dias) and the increase in the percentage of longevity (PAL) (CN: 0.00; La1: 19.23; La2: 23.08 and La3: 34.61%). Furthermore, was showed the antiangiogenic effect of the latex (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 e 2.0 mg/disc) since it was capable of causing reduction in the percentage of blood vessels (41; 56; 66 and 75%) observed in the chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM). The latex caused no toxicity to the embryo as it was unable to alter its morphogenesis. Thus, it appears that C. celtidifolius latex presents citotoxic, nucleasic and pro-apoptotic effects interrelated and also potential antiangiogenic and antitumor effects.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T08:39:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 252060.pdf: 593370 bytes, checksum: 858361c2f238891d3f74efba8b533051 (MD5)

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T12:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 254661.pdf: 1507738 bytes, checksum: 05476ad757a0b2a15892731d5a8158f6 (MD5) / The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sensibility of human myeloid leukemia cells (K562) to the derivative of gallic acid # laurylgallate as well as the cytotoxicity of involved mechanisms. Methods: The leukemic cell line used was K562 (derived from myelogenous leukemia) and the alkyl ester of gallic acid used for this study was laurylgallate. The cell viability was determined by MTT colorimeter method. The induction of apoptosis was assessed by the exposition of phosphatidylserine (PS) (ANNEXIN V-FITC®), DNA fragmentation assay and characteristic cell morphological features. The analysis of cell cycle phase was carried out by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of the proteins regulators of apoptosis as: caspase-3; protein inhibitor-of-apoptosis survivin; antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Results: Laurylgallate cytotoxic effect on K562 cells was shown to be concentration-dependent with an EC50 of 200 ìM (47,7% ± 2%) after 48 hours. Laurylgallate induced exposition of PS, fragmentation of DNA and cell morphological changes (12-24 h of incubation) on K562 cells. Apoptosis induction was accompanied by both the arrest at the S and G2M phase of cell cycle; as well as an increase of the caspase-3 expression; a decrease of the survivin expression and Bcl-2; and an increase of the AIF expression. Conclusion: Laurylgallate induces apoptosis on K562 cells and decreases the percentage of cells in S-G2M phases of cell cycle. These findings suggested that the mechanism in which laurylgallate inhibits the growth of tumor cells takes place not only by apoptosis, but also by cell cycle alterations. Therefore, apoptosis is associated with the inhibition of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and survivin, consequently increasing AIF release and increase of the expression of the caspase-3. These results suggest that there is a potential use of laurylgallate as a new therapeutic strategy in the downstream of apoptosis in tumor cells.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T08:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 226342.pdf: 3765917 bytes, checksum: 1bf72ddda61a8a9ed61d6c5b59f0ce3f (MD5)