My work investigates the effects of founding conditions for organizational founders on the eventual satisfaction founders have with the financial and social outcomes of their organization. First, I introduce two new constructs, social salience and economic salience, which represent the intended social or economic goals of the founder for their organization when they found the new organization. I then utilize organizational imprinting theory to argue that the social and economic salience, along with founders’ previous work experience, influence the structure of the new organization via the legal form. I then argue that the legal form influences the specific capabilities that the organization will acquire or create early in the organization’s life. Finally, I argue that the capabilities established at founding will influence the eventual satisfaction founders currently have with their organizations’ social and financial outcomes as the capabilities endure over time. Based on a sample of 150 organizational founders that are still actively managing their organizations, my results support the idea that founding conditions for individual founders influence the capabilities that their organizations create or acquire. Further, founders’ current level of satisfaction with the financial and social performance of their organizations is significantly related to these capabilities. These results largely support the process based model of imprinting effects on organizational outcomes, and suggest that founders play a critical role in setting the original imprint of an organization that will endure via organizational inertia, perhaps long after the imprint’s originally designed purpose. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Global trends are transforming nearly every sector, and the higher education sector is not an exception. Universities are synchronizing their curricula so that credits are transferrable and cumulative across countries. Governments are increasingly controlling the quality of education through new regulations. Universities are now competing globally and managerial methods derived from business are being introduced. In South America, an increasing student population is demanding access to universities, while at the same time universities are facing a reduction in funding and more competition. The profile of students is shifting and demanding more flexible curricula along with double degree and continuing education programs. All of these trends, together with government regulations passed in 1992, have caused major transformations in the Colombian higher education sector. Universities have been straining to remain competitive in this new environment and many have attempted to implement credit frameworks as a solution. However, such transformations are complex and require uncommon managerial competencies. Furthermore, very little research has been done to understand the real impact of these changes in Colombian Universities, and any studies done have not provided a full picture of what was really happening within the management of Colombian Universities. Did universities fully understand the concept and complexity of implementing credit frameworks? What were the main drivers affecting the higher education sector in Colombia which catalysed the implementation of credit frameworks? Finally, what impact did this implementation have on university management? This research study attempted to answer these questions through an in-depth study of three representative universities. The results showed clear differences and also common understandings among universities and revealed key insights into university management. It is the hope of this research study that it may assist universities and policy makers in the on-going transformation of the Colombian higher education sector.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-06T23:09:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaFrancisco.pdf: 13804387 bytes, checksum: 97f17c85471df0c094612aaff8f363ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T23:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaFrancisco.pdf: 13804387 bytes, checksum: 97f17c85471df0c094612aaff8f363ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa propõe um Processo Organizacional para Gerenciamento de Mudança, justificada a partir de uma lacuna teórica de detalhamento operacional sobre o tema, somada à demanda prática por um artefato que faça parte da rotina organizacional para Gestão de Mudanças. Para projeto e desenvolvimento do Processo Proposto, foi utilizada a Metodologia da Design Research que orienta o desenvolvimento de artefatos para a melhoria de sistemas ou resolução de problemas. Apesar de genérico, o Processo Proposto para Gestão de Mudanças foi inspirado em um ambiente organizacional existente. Como fonte de análise, desenvolvimento e implementação parcial da nova proposta, uma empresa do ramo de mineração foi utilizada. Para operacionalização das atividades, foram utilizados, principalmente, os princípios e técnicas contidas no Pensamento Sistêmico. Como complemento para atividades e fases não comportadas por esta abordagem, valeu-se do Processo de Pensamento da Teoria das Restrições e da Metodologia de Transformação TransMeth. A identificação do problema em campo motivou a revisão da literatura existente para exploração inicial e entendimento dos modelos e métodos que sistematizem a condução e gerenciamento do processo de mudança nas organizações. Os estudos encontrados foram caracterizados em três diferentes níveis de detalhamento: nível 1 – modelos que ilustram as fases e explicam como a mudança ocorre nas organizações; nível 2 – sugerem diretrizes para condução da mudança, explicando o “o que” deve ou não ser feito para o atingimento de uma mudança efetiva; nível 3 – métodos que orientam o “como” gerenciar a mudança, normalmente desenvolvidos a partir de Métodos de Identificação, Análise e Solução de Problemas existentes no campo teórico. O quarto nível, artefato deste estudo, propõe um processo organizacional para Gerenciamento das Mudanças, definindo as atividades, responsáveis, documentos, rituais e medidas de desempenho para sua condução. / This research proposes an Organizational Process for Change Management, justified from a theoretical gap of operational detail on the subject, combined with the practical demand for an artifact that is part of the organizational routine for Change Management. To design and develop the Proposed Process was used the Methodology of Design Research that is a guide to develop artifacts to improve systems or problem solving. Although generic, the Proposed Process for Change Management was inspired by an existing organizational environment. As a source of analysis, development and partial implementation of the new proposal, a company in the mining sector was used. To develop the activities were mainly used the principles and techniques contained in the System Thinking. As a complement for activities and phases not included in this approach, were used the Theory of Constraints Thinking Process and the Methodology for Transformation Process - TransMeth. Identified the problem in the field led to a review of existing literature for initial exploration and understanding of models and methods to systematize the conduct and management of the change process in organizations. The studies found were categorized into three different detail levels: level 1 - models which illustrate the stages and explain how change occurs in organizations; level 2 - suggested guidelines for driving the change, explaining the "what" should or not should be made to the achievement of an effective change; level 3 - methods that guide "how" manage the change, usually developed from Methods for Identification, Analysis and Solution of Problems existing in the theoretical field. The fourth level artifact of this study, proposes a process for organizational change management, defining activities, responsible, documents, rituals, and performance measures.

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L’incertitude du contexte économique et la pression concurrentielle placent au coeur des préoccupations RH des grandes entreprises la question de la mobilité. L’objet de la thèse est d’analyser les effets de la communication managériale appliquée à celle-ci, sur la construction identitaire des cadres. Cette recherche montre les limites et les risques inhérents au processus de communication mis en place, en particulier chez Orange France avant la crise sociale de 2009. Elle s’intéresse au concept de mobilité et à la façon dont les entreprises s’en sont emparées pour construire une véritable doxa au service de leurs politiques. Un travail d’aller-retour entre l’analyse des écrits institutionnels et la parole des cadres, met en lumière les procédés argumentatifs, narratifs et sémiotiques mobilisés. Les conclusions de ce travail réinterrogent la notion d’éthique relationnelle dans la conduite du changement en entreprise. / The uncertainty of economic environment and competitive pressure put the issue of mobility at the center of HR concerns in major companies. This work consists in analyzing the effects of managerial communication, applied to mobility, on the building of managers identity. This research shows limits and risks specific to communication process, especially in Orange France, before the social crisis of 2009. It focuses on the concept of mobility and on the way companies have seized it to build a real doxa to serve their policies. Working back and forth between the analysis of institutional written messages and managers words, this approach highlights the argumentative, narrative and semiotic involved processes. The conclusions of this work raise a further concern about the concept of relational ethics in companies.

L’approche transorganisationnelle peut être un mode d’organisation qui permet de transformer les schèmes de pensées habituels dans l’optique d’apporter des réponses aux contradictions de la mondialisation. Cette approche peut donner un nouvel élan efficace aux différentes formes de partenariats pour la mise en œuvre d’actions proactives et innovantes.Cette thèse propose une ingénierie pour faciliter la mise en œuvre de partenariats transorganisationnels fondée sur l’observation de twizas (structure traditionnelle d’échange généreux par l’activité au Maghreb) et une assurance dans l’objectif d’améliorer la gestion des risques. Notre modélisation s’articule autour du concept fondamental de l’hospitalité culturelle, d’une discussion entre tradition et modernité et s’inscrit dans l’âge préfiguratif dans l’objectif de mieux gérer la solidarité, la responsabilité et les risques. / The transorganizationnal approach can be a mode of organization that overcomes usual mindsets to find the issues of globalization contradictions. This approach may give a momentum to the various forms of effective partnerships for the implementation of proactive and innovative action plans. This thesis proposes an engineering method to facilitate the implementation of transorganizationnal partnerships based on the observation of twizas (traditional structure of generous exchange activity in the Maghreb) and insurance with the aim of improving risk management.Our model draws on the fundamental concept of brotherhood culture, a discussion between tradition and modernity which fits with the prefigurative age in order to better manage solidarity, responsibility and risk.

As demandas por mudanças devem ser vistas como situações normais dentro do processo de gestão de uma organização. Nesta abordagem, dois elementos são fortes contribuintes como sistemáticas de apoio: a gestão (ou gerenciamento) das mudanças, que estabelece os processos e controles necessários para que os objetivos da mudança sejam alcançados de maneira organizada e a existência dos fatores críticos de sucesso para a mudança, que atuam como elementos de convergência em relação aos objetivos planejados. No mesmo contexto, as grandes empresas, principalmente aquelas de atuação global, têm tido demandas pelas diversas partes interessadas com as quais possuem interface, em demonstrar o seu desempenho na gestão da sustentabilidade, dentro das suas respectivas dimensões: ambiental, social e econômica. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho consiste em identificar quais fatores críticos de sucesso são determinantes no processo de mudança organizacional, em particular na abordagem da prática de gerenciamento de mudanças de uma empresa petroquímica brasileira, associados com inclusão da gestão proativa da sustentabilidade empresarial, através do diagnóstico do cenário atual em relação a este tema. A estrutura metodológica consistiu em macro etapas de revisão da literatura, seleção dos fatores críticos de sucesso e critérios de sustentabilidade, desenvolvimento de questionários e aplicação destes através de um estudo de caso, do tipo observação participante, em uma empresa petroquímica brasileira, viabilizando a subsequente análise dos dados obtidos e conclusões. Os principais resultados identificaram quarenta e cinco fatores críticos de sucesso relacionados ao processo de gestão da mudança organizacional e o modelo da GRI como o de maior aderência no meio empresarial mundial. Foram identificadas contribuições da literatura em fatores críticos de sucesso no processo de gerenciamento de mudanças vigente na organização, tais como comunicação constante e eficiente e recursos, de forma a agregar práticas ao modelo atual de gestão da mudança organizacional. As dimensões de fatores críticos de sucesso identificadas como mais relevantes no estudo de caso foram a liderança e recursos. Em relação à percepção sobre conceitos de sustentabilidade, particularmente quanto requisitos da GRI na versão G4, foi verificada junto aos respondentes uma visão que enfatiza a dimensão ambiental, a despeito das dimensões social e econômica, associada a fragilidades em ambientação dos mesmos em relação a conceitos de sustentabilidade e conexão deste tema com fatores críticos de sucesso na mudança organizacional, trazendo elementos para a melhoria contínua das práticas de gestão, assim como do relato da sustentabilidade empresarial. / The demands for change should be seen as normal situations within the management process of an organization. In this approach, two elements are strong contributors as systematic support: change management, which establishes the necessary processes and controls for the objectives of the change to be achieved in an orderly manner, and the existence of critical success factors for change, which act as elements of convergence towards the planned objectives. In the same context, large companies, especially those with global operations, have been demanded by various stakeholders to demonstrate its performance in sustainability management within their respective dimensions: environmental, social and economic. The overall objective of this study is to identify, particularly in the practice of change management in a Brazilian petrochemical company, the proactive management of corporate sustainability and the critical success factors that are decisive in the organizational change process through the diagnosis of the current scenario regarding this topic. The methodological framework consisted of macro steps of literature review, selection of the critical success factors and criteria of sustainability, development and application of these questionnaires through a participant observation case study in a Brazilian petrochemical company, enabling the subsequent analysis of the obtained data and conclusions. Forty-five critical success factors related to the process of managing organizational change were identified and the GRI model was the most applied model in the global business environment. In order to add to the current practice model for managing organizational change, contributions from the literature were identified in critical success factors in the management of the current changes in the organization, such as constant and efficient communication process and resources. Leadership and resources were the most relevant dimensions of critical success factors identified in the case study. Regarding the understanding of sustainability concepts, particularly in relation to the requirements of GRI in a G4 version, it was verified that the respondents’ perceptions emphasize the environmental dimension over the social and economic dimensions. This was associated with the respondents` limited knowledge regarding concepts of sustainability and how this issue connects with critical success factors in organizational change, bringing elements to the continuous improvement of management practices, as well as the reporting of corporate sustainability.

Background: The sales representatives in B2B companies are experiencing several changes in their environment, which have already altered their performed activities. In order to meet the new customer needs, Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides an effective usage of the large amount of complex data that is available, defined as Big Data. AI is developing intelligence that is human-like and is expected to impact occupational roles while threating to automate tasks typically performed by humans. Previous technologies have already impacted sales representatives in the performance of their sales activities; however, it is still uncertain how AI will impact and benefit them. Previous empirical findings and the lack of studies centered on the individual impact of AI confirm the need for more academic reports. Purpose: The aim of this research is to explore how the implementation of Artificial Intelligence and usage of Big Data in Business-to-Business selling processes are impacting sales representatives, in term of performed activities. Further, the aim is also to explore the management of individuals during the implementation of AI. Methodology: This qualitative study is based on a realistic perspective with an inductive research approach. The empirical data has been collected through semi structured interviews with six AI-providers and two consulting firms that have proven experiences in working with AI and sales in B2B companies. Conclusion: AI is characterized by its adapting capability as well as its ability to process and combine a large amount of real-time, online and historical data. As a result, the selling process is constantly provided with more accurate, faster and original insights. Through the analytical capacity of AI, the sales representatives are gaining extensive knowledge about the customer and the external world. Also, AI simplifies the creation and maintenance of long- lasting customer relationships by providing specific and valuable content. Administrative tasks and non-sales activities can also become automated through the usage of AI, which enables sales representatives to focus on their core tasks, for instance relationship building and value-adding activities. The threat of automation and elimination of jobs should be redefined into the possibility to augment human capabilities. By adopting this approach, the importance of the human-machine collaboration is strongly emphasized. In order to increase the willingness for changing working procedures at individual levels, the communication during the process of change should be centered on creating a positive perception and understanding of AI. It is also important to create trust for AI and promote a data-driven culture in order to ensure the systematic usage of the system.

El proyecto evalúa la factibilidad para implementar la consultora VOCX SAC que brindará servicios de mejora en experiencia de cliente en medianas y grandes empresas de Lima y Callao, de los sectores Banca y Seguros, Telecomunicaciones, Retail y Salud. El nombre de la consultora surge de la investigación realizada que identificó el mayor interés que tienen las empresas peruanas en construir u optimizar sus programas de voz del cliente, base para la gestión de la experiencia de cliente; cuya aplicación decanta en una ventaja competitiva esencial para la organización. La consultora pretende cubrir la brecha en conocimiento e implementación de proyectos relacionados a experiencia de cliente existente en el mercado local, a través del desempeño de su equipo profesional con experiencia multisectorial y sólidos conocimientos en gestión de experiencia de cliente y gestión del cambio. Por otro lado, se ha determinado una demanda insatisfecha de 170 servicios al año, que las empresas, de los sectores seleccionados, están dispuestas a contratar. Con base en la capacidad operativa de VOCX, la consultora podrá realizar 25 servicios al año. Los servicios principales estarán orientados a brindar diagnósticos de experiencia cliente e implementación de oportunidades de mejoras, donde como servicio diferencial se ofrecerá los programas de voz del cliente. Asimismo, se contará con servicios complementarios representados por capacitaciones presenciales y virtuales. Para la puesta en marcha se requerirá una inversión de US $ 36,870.00 Dólares Americanos, siendo financiado el 46% por aporte de los accionistas y el saldo mediante préstamo de una entidad financiera, se obtendrá un TIR de 22%. / The project aims to evaluate the feasibility of establishing VOCX SAC as a consulting company, to provide customer experience improvement services for medium and large companies of banking and insurance, telecommunications, retail and healthcare sectors in Lima and Callao. The company's name arises from the research that identified the greater interest Peruvian companies have in building or optimizing their client voice programs, the basis for managing the customer experience; and whose application decants into an essential competitive advantage for the organization. The consulting company intends to cover the gap in knowledge and implementation of projects related to customer experience in the local market, through the performance of its professional team with multisector experience and solid knowledge in customer experience and change management. On the other hand, there has been an unsatisfied demand for 170 services per year, and the companies of the selected sectors are ready to hire. Based on VOCX's operational capacity, the company will be able to perform 25 services per year. The main services will be oriented to provide customer experience diagnostics and improvement opportunities implementation; where the client voice programs will be offered as a differential service. Virtual and live training will be complementary services. Company's startup will require an investment of US $ 36,870.00 financed to 46% by contribution of the shareholders and the balance by means of a bank loan, will obtain a TIR of 22%. / Trabajo de investigación

Nonprofit leaders face challenges retaining volunteers to support their organizations' human resources. The shortage of volunteers threatens nonprofit sustainability with increasing personnel cost for maintaining quality services. Grounded by Burns's transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies nonprofit leaders from southeastern Michigan used to improve volunteer retention. Data were collected through face-to-face semistructured interviews with 3 nonprofit leaders and a review of organizational documents such as volunteer implementation plans, strategic plans, and volunteer committee notes. Data were analyzed using a methodological triangulation process of sorting comments, which involved a chronological review of the interview transcripts and a descriptive coding for emerging themes. Three distinct themes emerged from the data analysis: collaborative relationships improved volunteer retention, team motivations improved volunteer retention, and strategic communication improved volunteer retention. The findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing nonprofit leaders with a better understanding of the need to improve volunteer retention and leadership strategies as methods to continue building viable communities for those in need. Furthermore, the implications for positive social change could include the improvement of other nonprofit organizations and the well-being of the volunteers in the organization.