À la fin du 19ème siècle s'organise progressivement en Belgique un vaste mouvement de lutte contre la mortalité infantile. Des médecins et des femmes philanthropes créent des oeuvres, les consultations de nourrissons, qui visent à apprendre aux mères à soigner leurs enfants suivant les nouveaux préceptes de l'hygiène. Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, elles connaissent un formidable essor et finissent par couvrir le pays. Après la guerre, le principe de la protection sanitaire du jeune enfant est inscrit dans la loi et un organisme est spécialement créé à cet effet : l'Oeuvre nationale de l'enfance (ONE). L'ONE, qui dépend directement du Gouvernement, contrôle et finance durant l'entre-deux-guerres plus d'un millier d'oeuvres de l'enfance. À la veille de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, près de la moité des enfants âgés de moins d'un an, accompagnés de leur mère, y sont suivis de manière plus ou moins prolongée. Ces oeuvres participent à un vaste mouvement d'éducation maternelle et d'assignation des femmes à la sphère reproductive et domestique, tout en favorisant la médicalisation de la grossesse et de l'accouchement. Cette thèse étudie le mouvement de protection sanitaire du jeune enfant et la médicalisation de la maternité dans une perspective de genre. À travers une analyse des discours de ses promoteurs et des principes d'organisation des oeuvres, elle montre combien les enjeux politiques, sociaux, démographiques et sexués ont durablement influencé l'organisation de la protection infantile et maternelle. Elle apporte de nouvelles réflexions sur la dimension sociale de l'éducation maternelle. Elle met par ailleurs en exergue le rôle essentiel joué par les femmes, aux côtés des médecins, dans la gestion des oeuvres de l'enfance et analyse le statut et les relations de pouvoir qui se sont tissées entre les médecins, les dames patronnesses, les travailleuses sociales et les représentants de l'État. Les investissements sociaux féminins sont analysés sous l'angle de leur autonomie, de leur visibilité et de leur portée émancipatrice. Ce faisant, cette thèse montre de quelle manière les œuvres de l'enfance ont favorisé, de manière assez paradoxale, une transgression des modèles sexués en favorisant un questionnement sur la condition maternelle et l'intervention des femmes dans la sphère publique et politique.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-12T10:54:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilia Goulart.pdf: 2831902 bytes, checksum: fc800fb675d9eb88704d97070099b051 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T10:54:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilia Goulart.pdf: 2831902 bytes, checksum: fc800fb675d9eb88704d97070099b051 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-19 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This dissertation is the result of a research about the process of the life of adults in homelessness situation in São José dos Campos, analyzed by the experience lived by these people on the street. With the implantation of SUAS in the city, these population begins to recive the atention by the interface of Basic Social Protection and Special Social Protection. The main object of this study, consiste in think of how these programs of homelessness atention work and how they accomplish the processes of prevention, protection and social inclusion of this population segment. With this proposal we did a documentary analysis in the documents establishing the National Social Assistance/PNAS and Unified Social Assistance System/SUAS, the National Policy on Population Inclusion of Homeless/PNIPSR, and the Municipal Plan to Combat Homeless/PMESR. As a theoritical axis we use the Complex Thinking, especial in the comprehension of homelessness as a social expression, issues and a multidimensional phenomenon. The significant of the search is on the testimonials of the subjects that share with the study the singularity of their reality, letting us amplify the debate that shows it still fragmented and fragile little daring, especially with regard of the Protection Programs offered to increase the effectiveness of care directed at these subjects / Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada sobre a trajetória de vida dos adultos em situação de rua do Município de São José dos Campos, analisada a partir das experiências que vivenciaram nas ruas. Com a implantação do SUAS na região, esta população passa a receber atenção através da Proteção Social Básica e Proteção Social Especial. O objetivo central do estudo consiste em refletir como esses programas de atenção atendem a População em Situação de Rua e como realizam a prevenção, proteção e inclusão social deste segmento populacional. Com este propósito realizamos análises de documentos que instituem a Política Nacional de Assistência Social/PNAS, o Sistema Único de Assistência Social/SUAS, a Política Nacional de Inclusão da População em Situação de Rua/PNIPSR e o Plano Municipal de Enfrentamento a Situação de Rua/PMESR. Como eixo teórico optamos pelo Pensamento Complexo, especialmente na compreensão da ‘população de rua’ como manifestação da questão social e como fenômeno multidimensional. O significativo da pesquisa está nos depoimentos dos sujeitos protagonistas que emprestaram ao estudo a singularidade de suas realidades permitindo assim, ampliar o debate que se mostra ainda fragmentado, muito frágil e pouco ousado, principalmente no que se refere aos serviços e aos Programas de Proteção oferecidos para ampliar a efetividade dos atendimentos direcionados a esses sujeitos

Acompanha: Proposta pedagógica crítica: articulação entre o teatro do oprimido e o ensino de ciência / Este estudo foi motivado em torno da seguinte inquietação, como o ensino de ciências, em uma perspectiva crítico-problematizadora, no serviço de acolhimento institucional, pode contribuir para a formação científica e educacional de adolescentes em condição de vulnerabilidade? Essa questão tem por objetivo geral analisar a contribuição do ensino de ciências desenvolvido em ambiente de acolhimento institucional, em uma perspectiva crítico-problematizadora freireana, para a promoção do conhecimento científico às adolescentes acolhidas e identificando como o processo de significação conscientizadora, do qual as acolhidas são autoras, colabora para a sua transformação individual e social. A presente investigação busca auxiliar significativamente na preparação e na formação das adolescentes para sua autonomia ao chegarem aos dezoito anos, essa ação educacional vem promover o conhecimento científico, a partir do acesso ao ensino de ciências no acolhimento institucional, como também, apoiá-las no processo de ruptura do ciclo de violência na história de suas vidas. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa é embasada na educação problematizadora e transformadora com pressupostos freireanos, com as contribuições da Pedagogia do Oprimido. Como procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa-ação, utiliza-se o desenvolvimento de duas das técnicas, sendo o Teatro Imagem e o Teatro Fórum, do método teatral conhecido por Teatro do Oprimido, criado por Augusto Boal. Posteriormente, articula-se a promoção do conhecimento científico pautado nos Momentos Pedagógicos, referenciados por Delizoicov, Angotti e Pernambuco. Para analisar os dados e informações trazidos pela pesquisa de campo se recorre à Análise Textual Discursiva, considerando a audiogravação realizada em cada encontro com as adolescentes, destacando-se as categorias a priori e as emergentes manifestadas no estudo. Concluindo com a apresentação dos resultados, nos quais foi possível verificar a contribuição do ensino de ciências, em espaço de educação não formal, como também identificar o processo de significação conscientizadora, em que notou-se a presença da consciência crítica ao final do percurso da pesquisa de campo. / This study was motivated by the following disquiet, how can teaching science, in a critical-problematizing perspective, in the institutional reception service, contribute to the scientific and educational formation of vulnerable adolescents? The general objective of this question is to analyze the contribution of science education developed in an institutional reception environment, in a Freirean critical-problematizing perspective, for the promotion of scientific knowledge to the adolescents and identifying as the process of meaningful awareness, of which the receptions Are authors, collaborates for their individual and social transformation. The present research seeks to help significantly in the preparation and training of adolescents for their autonomy when they reach the age of eighteen, this educational action promotes scientific knowledge, based on access to science education in the institutional reception, as well as support them in the Process of breaking the cycle of violence in the history of their lives. From this perspective, the research is based on problematizing and transformative education with Freirean presuppositions, with the contributions of the Pedagogy of the Oppressed. As methodological procedures of the action research, the development of two of the techniques, being the Image Theater and the Theater Forum, of the theatrical method known as Theater of the Oppressed, created by Augusto Boal. Subsequently, articulates the promotion of scientific knowledge based on the Pedagogical Moments, referenced by Delizoicov, Angotti and Pernambuco. In order to analyze the data and information brought by the field research, we use the Discursive Textual Analysis, considering the audio-recording performed in each encounter with the adolescents, highlighting the a priori and emerging categories manifested in the study. Concluding with the presentation of the results, in which it was possible to verify the contribution of science teaching in a non-formal education space, as well as to identify the process of awareness-raising meaning, in which the presence of critical awareness was noticed at the end of the course field research.

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van die ondersoek was om 'n beplannings- en beheermodel te ontwikkel en beskikbaar te stel vir benutting deur welsynsorganisasies. Die ondersoek is onderneem binne die konteks van die ontwikkelingsnavorsings- en benuttingsparadigma. Die proses van die ontwikkelingsnavorsingsparadigma verloop volgens 'n analise-, ontwerp-, ontwikkelings-, evaluerings-, benuttings- en verspreidingsfase. Elke fase het ondersoeker in staat gestel om op sistematiese wyse te werk te gaan om 'n beplannings- en beheermodel te ontwerp en om gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings in die verband te maak. In die analisefase wat 'n teoretiese beskrywing van beplanning en beheer as bestuursfunksies behels het, was dit duidelik dat daar nie 'n beplannings- en beheermodel bestaan wat op welsynsorganisasies van toepassing gemaak kon word nie. Bestaande beplannings- en beheermodelle is ontleed en sleutelkonsepte is ge1dentif iseer met betrekking tot beplanning en beheer as bestuurfunksies. Aan die hand van die sleutelkonsepte is 'n empiriese ondersoek na die stand van beplanning en beheer by agt welsynsorganisasies gedoen. Agt kantoorhoofde, 16 supervisors en 32 maatskaplike werkers was met behulp van 'n onderhoudskedule by die navorsing betrek. Hierdie empiriese ondersoek en die literatuurstudie bet die ondersoeker in staat gestel om in die ontwerpfase 'n beplanningsen Leheermodel te ontwerp wat op welsynsorganisasies van toepassing gemaak kan word. 'n Beplannings- en beheermodel is iii ontwerp wat voorsiening maak vir die uitvoering van take op 'n strategiese-, bestuurs- en operasionele beplannings- en beheervlak. Die model maak voorsiening vir die betrokkenheid van al die personeellede van 'n organisasie in die beplannings- en beheerproses. Die model is vir 'n periode van agt maande by een welsynsorganisasie geYmplementeer en geevalueer. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat die beplanning- en beheermodel wel deur welsynsorganisasies benut kan word. Die waarde van die model le daarin dat die gebruik daarvan 'n welsynsorganisasie in staat stel om sy eie strategiese, bestuurs- en operasionele beplannings en beheerplan te kan saamstel. Di t sal 'n welsynsorganisasie in staat stel om proaktief op interne sowel as eksterne omgewingsveranderings te reageer / Social Work / D. Phil. (Maatskaplike werk)

This thesis is addressing the Student Assistance Policy in the context of reform of public higher education. The study analyzed the changes after the institutionalization of PNAES in IFES, through the operationalization of the UFS student assistance. The survey consisted of bibliographic and documentary, with emphasis on the dimension qualiquantitaiva, exploratory and descriptive, guided by the perspective of dialectical and historical materialism. As a problem to be solved, wondered if the UFS could effect a policy of student assistance as provided in PNAES. Regarding the general objective aimed to verify whether there were changes in the student assistance PROEST after the institutionalization of PNAES in UFS. As data sources were used in institutional documents, being prioritized Management Reporting and Accountability of UFS and CODAE / PROEST the years 2008 to 2012, but others were also analyzed, such as resolutions, laws, tables historical and institutional budgets. The study allowed us to analyze the trends and characteristics of the student assistance after the institutionalization of PNAES in UFS. Realized that the obstacles in effecting a policy of student assistance are directly linked to the priorities defined in the midst of neoliberal policies, in which hegemony is markets, also associating the student assistance to the service logic and not of law. Therefore, the steps taken to seek compliance with pre-set targets by REUNI who will play in PNAES. The survey results show that the policy of student assistance is an important mechanism for ensuring students´ rights. Let obvious difficulties for establishing a policy of assistance in the form of a public policy, as provided in PNAES. In view of this it must be stated that there were no significant changes in welfare policy implemented by PROEST / UFS after deployment PNAES. / A presente dissertação tem como tema a Política de Assistência Estudantil no contexto de reforma da educação superior pública. O estudo analisou as mudanças ocorridas após a institucionalização do PNAES nas IFES, a partir da operacionalização da assistência estudantil da UFS. A pesquisa realizada consistiu de estudo bibliográfico e documental, com ênfase na dimensão qualiquantitaiva, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, norteado pela perspectiva do materialismo histórico e dialético. Como problema a ser desvendado, indagou-se se a UFS conseguiu efetivar uma política de assistência estudantil conforme preceitua o PNAES. No tocante ao objetivo geral buscou verificar se houve mudanças na assistência estudantil da PROEST após a institucionalização do PNAES na UFS. Como fontes de dados, foram utilizados os documentos institucionais, sendo priorizados os Relatórios de Gestão e de Prestação de Contas da UFS e da CODAE/PROEST dos anos de 2008 a 2012, mas também foram analisados outros, tais como resoluções, legislações, históricos institucionais e etc. O estudo permitiu analisar as tendências e características da assistência estudantil após a institucionalização do PNAES na UFS. Percebeu-se que os obstáculos na efetivação de uma política de assistência estudantil estão diretamente vinculados às prioridades definidas no bojo das políticas neoliberais, nas quais a hegemonia é dos mercados, associando também a assistência estudantil à lógica de serviço e não de direito. Portanto, as medidas adotadas buscam o cumprimento de metas pré-estabelecidas pelo REUNI que vão se reproduzir no PNAES. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a política de assistência estudantil é um mecanismo importante para a garantia de direitos dos alunos. Deixa evidentes as dificuldades de estabelecer uma política de assistência no formato de uma política pública, conforme preceitua o PNAES. Em vista disso, deve-se afirmar que não houve mudanças significativas na política de assistência executada pela PROEST/UFS após a implantação do PNAES.

This project was designed to develop a public relations plan to increase awareness in Southern California of the Tzu Chi Foundation, a non-profit organization that is based in Taiwan.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Existing zakat research reports little information about the living conditions of Indonesian zakat recipients. This study examined the perceptions of zakat recipients at Rumah Zakat, a charitable institution, in Yogyakarta. Semi-structured interviews solicited seven economic empowerment and seven socio-health program respondents’ narratives. This data collection method incorporating multiple approaches to data analysis, including phenomenology, revealed that economic empowerment respondents with more education and spousal support could better subsist after utilizing Rumah Zakat’s interest-free loans. And, compared to individual efforts or group support, spousal support helped significantly with business growth. These respondents typically earned incomes above the national standard of poverty. As their businesses grew, four respondents planned to employ the jobless. In the socio-health program, respondents had minimal education and incomes that fell below the national standard of poverty. A Rumah Zakat clinic gave these respondents four to five years of free health care services; it also facilitated collaborative learning. Although the services lowered their expenses, three respondents requested food distribution in addition to health care. Respondents benefiting from both programs reported a significant positive impact on their home economies, health, and social lives. Thus, an integrative program offering assistance with micro-credits, health care, food security, and education would better serve the poor.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This dissertation argues that the Edison Institute (presently known as The Henry Ford in Dearborn, Michigan) survived internal and external challenges through the evolution of the Ford family’s leadership and the organization’s funding strategy. Following Henry Ford’s death, the museum complex relied upon the Ford Foundation and the Ford Motor Company Fund as its sole means of philanthropic support. These foundations granted the Edison Institute a significant endowment, which it used to sustain its facilities in conjunction with its inaugural fundraising program. Navigating a changing legal, corporate, and philanthropic landscape in Detroit and around the world, the Ford family perpetuated Henry Ford’s legacy at the Edison Institute with the valuable guidance of executives and staff of their corporation, foundation, and philanthropies. Together they transitioned the Edison Institute into a sustainable and public nonprofit organization by overcoming threats related to the deaths of two generations of the Ford family, changes in the Edison Institute’s administration and organizational structure, the reorganization of the Ford Foundation, the effects of the Tax Reform Act of 1969, and legal complications due to overlap between the Fords’ corporate and philanthropic interests. The Ford family provided integral leadership for the development and evolution of the Edison Institute’s funding strategy and its relationship to their other corporate and philanthropic enterprises. The Institute’s management and funding can be best understood within the context of philanthropic developments of the Ford family during this period, including the formation of the Ford Foundation’s funding and concurrent activity.   This dissertation focuses on the research question of how the Edison Institute survived the Ford family’s evolving philanthropic strategy to seek a sustainable funding and management structure. The work examines its central research question over multiple chapters organized around the Ford family’s changing leadership at the Edison Institute, the increase of professionalized managers, and the Ford’s use of their corporation and philanthropies to provide integral support to the Edison Institute. In order to sustain the Edison Institute throughout the twentieth century, it adapted its operations to accommodate Henry Ford’s founding legacy, its legal environment, and the evolving practice of philanthropy in the United States.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In 1854 the United States Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska bill which left the question of slavery in the territory up to a vote of popular sovereignty. Upon the passage of the bill, New England’s most elite class of citizens, led by Eli Thayer, mobilized their networks of philanthropy in New England to ensure the Kansas-Nebraska territory did not embrace slavery. The effort by the New England elite to make the territories free was intertwined in a larger web of philanthropic motivations aimed to steer the future of America on a path that would replicate New England society throughout the country. The process and goal of their philanthropy in the Kansas-Nebraska Territory was not dissimilar from their philanthropy in New England. Moral classification of those in material poverty mixed with a dose of paternalism and free labor capitalism was the antidote to the disease of moral degradation and poverty. When Missourians resisted the encroachment of New Englanders on the frontier, the New England elites shifted their philanthropy from moral reform to the funding and facilitation of violence under the guise of philanthropy and disaster relief. For six years, until the outbreak of the American Civil War, New England philanthropists facilitated and helped fund the conflict known as Bleeding Kansas.

À la fin du 19ème siècle s'organise progressivement en Belgique un vaste mouvement de lutte contre la mortalité infantile. Des médecins et des femmes philanthropes créent des oeuvres, les consultations de nourrissons, qui visent à apprendre aux mères à soigner leurs enfants suivant les nouveaux préceptes de l'hygiène. Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, elles connaissent un formidable essor et finissent par couvrir le pays. Après la guerre, le principe de la protection sanitaire du jeune enfant est inscrit dans la loi et un organisme est spécialement créé à cet effet :l'Oeuvre nationale de l'enfance (ONE). L'ONE, qui dépend directement du Gouvernement, contrôle et finance durant l'entre-deux-guerres plus d'un millier d'oeuvres de l'enfance. À la veille de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, près de la moité des enfants âgés de moins d'un an, accompagnés de leur mère, y sont suivis de manière plus ou moins prolongée. Ces oeuvres participent à un vaste mouvement d'éducation maternelle et d'assignation des femmes à la sphère reproductive et domestique, tout en favorisant la médicalisation de la grossesse et de l'accouchement.<p>Cette thèse étudie le mouvement de protection sanitaire du jeune enfant et la médicalisation de la maternité dans une perspective de genre. À travers une analyse des discours de ses promoteurs et des principes d'organisation des oeuvres, elle montre combien les enjeux politiques, sociaux, démographiques et sexués ont durablement influencé l'organisation de la protection infantile et maternelle. Elle apporte de nouvelles réflexions sur la dimension sociale de l'éducation maternelle. Elle met par ailleurs en exergue le rôle essentiel joué par les femmes, aux côtés des médecins, dans la gestion des oeuvres de l'enfance et analyse le statut et les relations de pouvoir qui se sont tissées entre les médecins, les dames patronnesses, les travailleuses sociales et les représentants de l'État. Les investissements sociaux féminins sont analysés sous l'angle de leur autonomie, de leur visibilité et de leur portée émancipatrice. Ce faisant, cette thèse montre de quelle manière les œuvres de l'enfance ont favorisé, de manière assez paradoxale, une transgression des modèles sexués en favorisant un questionnement sur la condition maternelle et l'intervention des femmes dans la sphère publique et politique. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished