The late Ming artist and poet Xu Wei (1521-1593) is most well known for his self-representation as a cultured "mountain hermit" and "eccentric", pursuing the literary ideals of originality, simple language and direct emotional expression. His wild ink-brush paintings, mental instability, numerous suicide attempts and the murder of his third wife all helped to consolidate Xu's image as China's Van Gogh. However, later hagiographies of Xu as the "patron saint of eccentrics" have led to a one dimensional view of Xu. This thesis presents Xu as someone who explored and wrestled with different and sometimes contradictory self-representations against a thorny political and social backdrop. It moves away from Xu's "eccentric" persona, instead examining his writings within the political context of the 16th century. Against the backdrop of Mongol and pirate invasions, Xu's close friend Shen Lian was executed by the Chief Grand Secretary Yan Song and his clique. Yet only a month after his friend's execution, Xu switched sides and worked as a ghost-writer for Hu Zongxian, a protégé of Yan Song. Yet with the fall of Yan Song in 1562 and the arrest of Hu Zongxian, this became an embarrassment for Xu. Fearing that he would be implicated with the Yan Song clique, Xu distanced himself from his flattering ghost-written poems. Overwhelmed by feelings of guilt, he explored the complexities of loyalty and identity in his poetry. Xu's career is representative of many Ming scholars who were frustrated by examination failure and the inability to find an official post. His literary ideals contradicted with lived reality. Xu is unique among Ming literati in voicing these contradictions.

xi, 284 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / My dissertation delves into the recent articulation of popular nationalism in Mainland China, with particular emphasis on the changes that globalization and transnationalism have brought about to the representation of the Chinese nation in sentimental terms. Complementing the rich existing literature of Chinese nationalism that focuses mainly on the pre-1949 period, my study explores the less-treaded contemporary era characterized by the new historical condition of postsocialism, which features a residual of the socialist past as well as its reinvention under new overwhelming trends of globalization. Postsocialism and its consequences-the deepening of a neoliberalist economic refonn, the state-intellectual promotion of cultural economy, the emergence of a dominant consumer culture, etc.-have produced new issues existing scholarship on Chinese nationalism has yet to address. One such issue is how the paradoxical entity of the "nation" in time and space has been fragmented by the accretion of diversified voices from a wide spectrum of Chinese society. In postsocialist China, the agents imagining the nation include not only regulars like the state and intellectuals, but also new players like mass-media elites and netizens (wangmin). I argue that these voices of different social forces that break up the hegemony of the state in representing the nation-the result of which being not that the state is excluded from this enterprise but that it now tells only part of the story-become expressed as modes of national sentiments (minzu qinggan) when the nation is imagined under the historical condition of postsocialism. My study then explores in detail the fashioning and refashioning of contemporary Chinese subjectivity, as it relates through the joining of national sentiments to the literal and figurative body of the nation and the social power structure, by analyzing these specific voices in a broad range of popular texts from TV, film, and the Internet. The detailed examination includes four chapters dealing with specific modes of national sentiments articulated by the intellectuals, the state, the mass-media elites, and the netizens, respectively. / Committee in charge: Tze-lan Sang, Co-Chairperson, East Asian Languages & Literature; David Leiwei Li, Co-Chairperson, English; Maram Epstein, Member, East Asian Languages & Literature; Bryna Goodman, Outside Member, History

文學可否作為跨文化的橋樑？本研究以跨文化溝通理論為基礎，從文化教學的角度切入，探討華語教學中的現代文學課，並以文化教學之概念進行現代文學教學設計和實踐。研究問題主要有三：(一)跨文化華語教學中的現代文學課有什麼特殊性？(二)適合華語學習者的現代文學文本為何？(三)現代文學如何融入跨文化華語教學？本研究的主要內容分為兩部分，採取內容分析法進行教材分析，使用行動研究進行教學實踐，研究設計參考ADDIE教學設計模式，進行分析、設計、發展、實施和評鑑。 教材分析部分，觀察台灣使用和出版的華語教材中的現代文學內容，分析其中的優點和不足。研究者發現台灣華語教材中的現代文學教材數量較少，且少有更新，教材內容對於華語學習者的針對性較不足，也未很好地提煉文本中的文化內容。研究者進一步提出篩選現代文學文本的三項考量：經典性、普遍性和文化主題，並從母語者的國文教科書中初步選出六篇合適的現代文學文本，分別為：〈差不多先生傳〉、〈孔乙己〉、〈背影〉、〈愛〉、〈鄉愁〉和〈聲音鐘〉，進一步結合Moran(2001)提出的五維文化分類分析其中的文化內容，編寫教材。 教學設計部分，本研究認為華語教學中的現代文學課應向文化教學靠攏，針對文本中的文化主題設計教學內容，引導學習者理解文化知識並進行跨文化分享。本研究參考Moran(2001)提出之融入文化教學的體驗式學習循環，將閱讀現代文學文本當作文化體驗，分階段進行描述、闡釋和跨文化分享。研究者使用自編教材進行兩次教學實踐，課程性質為華語中心的選修文化課，挑選六篇文本進入課程，並選擇〈愛〉作為教學範例，深入討論教案設計及課堂反應。本研究教學實踐的研究結論有四：一是文化討論應注重核心主題，二是重視知名作品與文化之連結，三是注意現代文學知識之建立，四是考量學習者之多元背景。 本研究作為文化教學結合現代文學教學之嘗試，認為面向華語學習者的現代文學教材和教學設計有其針對性和特殊性，應注重文本中的文化主題，進行跨文化的主題討論。本研究為華語教學中的現代文學教學提供讀寫教學之外的選擇，即是以文化主題為核心，進行跨文化華語教學。

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Dynasties of Demons: Cannibalism from Lu Xun to Yu Hua focuses on the issue of representations of the body in modern Chinese fiction. My interest concerns the relationship, or correspondence between "textual" bodies and the physical "realities" they are meant to represent, particularly where those representations involve the body as a discursive site for the intersection of state ideology and the individual. The relationship between the body and the state has been a question of profound significance for modern Chinese literati dating back to the late Qing, but it was Lu Xun who, with the publication of his short story "Kuangren riji" (Diary of a Madman), in 1918, initiated the literaty discourse on China's "apparent penchant for cannibalizing its own people. In the first chapter of my dissertation I discuss L u Xun's fiction by exploring two distinct, though not mutually exclusive issues: (1) his diagnosis of China's debilitating "spiritual illness," which he characterized as being cannibalistic; (2) his highly inventive, counter-intuitive narrative strategy for critiquing traditional Chinese culture without contributing to or stimulating his reader's prurient interests in violent spectacle. To my knowledge I am the first critic of modern Chinese literature to write about Lu Xun's erasure of the spectacle body. In Chapters II, III and IV, I discuss the writers Han Shaogong, Mo Yan, and Yu Hua, respectively, to illustrate that sixty years after Lu Xun's madman first "wrote" the prophetic words, chi ren A (eat people), a number of post-Mao writers took up their pens to announce that the human feast did not end with Confucianism; on the contrary, with the advent of Maoism the feasting began in earnest. Each of these post-Mao writers approaches the issue of China's "spiritual dysfunction" from quite different perspectives, which I have characterized in the following way: Han Shaogong (Atavism); Mo Yan (Ambivalent-Nostalgia); and Yu Hua (Deconstruction). As becomes evident through my analysis of selected texts, despite their very significant differences (personal, geographic, stylistic) all three writers come to oddly similar conclusions that are, in and of themselves, not dissimilar to the conclusion arrived at by Lu Xun's madman. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

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The image of "unnecessary men" firstly emerged in 19th century Russia. It has aroused extensive attention since the date of its birth. This paper aims at embodying the causes and process of development and relative characteristics of representative figures in Russian and Chinese literature. Researchers usually refer to the typical representatives of "unnecessary men" in Russian literature as the heroes of «Eugene Onegin» by A. S. Pushkin, «Hero of our time» by M. Yu. Lermontov, «Oblomov» by I. A. Goncharov, etc. "Unnecessary men" in Chinese Literature -- Juan Sheng, Jue Xin, Xiao Jianqiu, etc. As an epitome of their era, they are among the leading elites grown up from the old norms. They are the inevitable products of the era with profound significance. They tragedy, no matter to the society or individual is filled with warming and enlightenment. Its significance is extensive and profound and is well-worth researing and exploring. / Образ «лишних людей» впервые появился в России XIX века. Он вызвал широкое внимание с момента своего рождения. Цель данной статьи заключается в том, чтобы воплотить причины и процесс развития и относительные характеристики представительных фигур в русской и китайской литературе. К типичным представителям лишних людей в русской литературе исследователи обычно относят героев «Евгения Онегина» А.С. Пушкина, «Героя нашего времени» М.Ю. Лермонтова, «Обломова» И.А. Гончарова и др. «Лишний человек» в китайской литературы -- Цзюань Шен（涓生）, Цзюэ Синь（觉新）, Сяо Цзяньцю（肖涧秋） и т.д. Как воплощение своей эпохи, они входят в число ведущих элит, выросших из старых норм. Они являются неизбежными продуктами эпохи с глубоким значением. Их трагедия, не важно для общества или отдельного человека, наполнена теплом и просветлением. Его значение является обширным и глубоким,и его стоит исследовать и исследовать.

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鄉土文學是台灣文學的重要文學傳統，其發展始於1930年代，於1960、70年代走進巔峰時期，並在1980年代一度趨於沉寂。直至近年台灣文壇出現一批以鄉土為創作為重心的新世代作家，鄉土書寫漸漸重新成為一股潮流，論者更相繼提出「新鄉土」或「後鄉土」等的概念，用以概括上世紀九十年代以後台灣鄉土文學發展的整體現象，鄉土文學遂再次成為一個重要的研究課題。本文嘗試以回溯台灣鄉土文學發展史的方式切入上述研究課題，並透過深入考察三個新世代代表作家──袁哲生、童偉格、甘耀明──的鄉土寫作，藉以探究台灣鄉土文學從「鄉土」過度「新／後鄉土」的變異情況。 / 本文共分五章。第一章緒論，說明本文的研究動機、範圍、方法和前人研究綜述，並概述台灣鄉土文學的發展狀況，勾勒重要概念，作為後文討論「新／後鄉土」的參照。第二章探討袁哲生如何結合抒情傳統，背離台灣鄉土文學的批判與憂患傳統。第三章探討童偉格如何打破城鄉二元對立格局，揭露台灣當代的城鄉處境；第四章配合甘耀明的「新尋根」理念，探討作家如何在鄉土書寫中重現台灣的歷史記憶與本土文化。第五章結語，總結新世代作家運用當代意識，反思並超越台灣鄉土文學傳統，藉以回應文學潮流的更替以及社會的變遷，為台灣鄉土文學開拓新的發展方向。 / Nativist literature has been an important literary tradition in Taiwan. It gained momentum since the 1930s and reached its pinnacle in the 1960s and 1970s, but fell into decline in the 1980s. However, the trend of nativist literature has revived since the 1990s as a number of young writers chose to focus their creative writing on nativism. Since then the concept of "new nativist literature" and "post nativist literature" appeared in academic discourse to describe this literary phenomenon. This thesis attempts to examine this phenomenon and to explore how "nativist" literature has morphed into "new/post nativist literature" by observing works of fiction by Yuan Zhesheng, Tong Weiger and Gan Yaoming. / This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the goal, scope and methodology of this thesis and gives a succinct account of the significance of the previous researches; it also summarizes the development of Taiwan Nativist literature and outlines the important concepts to serve as the reference for the later discussion about "new nativist" or "post nativist" literature. Chapter two examines how Yuan Zhesheng re-evaluated the tradition of Taiwanese nativist literature and established a new point of view towards nativist writing with the aid of lyricism. Chapter three investigates how Tong Weiger re-examined the dichotomy of rural and urban Taiwan and how he exposed aspects of contemporary urban and rural Taiwan. Chapter four explores how Gan Yaoming represented Taiwan history in the Japanese colonial period and the Hakka and aboriginal culture in his writing. Chapter five gives a conclusion on how the new generation of contemporary Taiwan novelists added new dimensions to the tradition of Taiwanese Nativist Literature as they re-examine and surpassed it. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 黃納禧. / "2013年12月"--Title page. / "2013 nian12 yue"--Title page. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-118). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Huang Naxi.