Les héritages d'Auguste Comte, du positivisme logique orthodoxe, et de l'opérationalisme de Bridgman ont conduit à penser que la science se construit en classant des faits et en élaborant des généralisations inductives. Cette vision radicalement empiriste a longtemps restreint la psychologie et la linguistique au « déjà connu » et aux problèmes banals, rejetant l'étude des processus mentaux dans le domaine de la non-science. Cette recherche tente de démontrer qu'il est devenu impensable d'adhérer à la thèse du sceau vide (béhaviorisme) ou aux théories de l'apprentissage (constructivisme), car ces positions empêchent de rendre compte adéquatement de l'acquisition de la connaissance. L'approche rationaliste de Chomsky est la seule qui, dans la période de grands bouleversements qu'a connues la psychologie dans les années 1970, fournissait les outils m éthodologiques et théoriques nécessaires à la mise en place d 'u n cadre conceptuel capable d'orienter les futures recherches effectuées en psychologie, en linguistique et en psycholinguistique.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:39:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 456600.pdf: 823022 bytes, checksum: 726c06369eb83f7ac15f66e42081ca5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-13 / This work discusses upon natural language recursive phenomenon based on a bibliographic research carried out from the studies of Generative Grammar Theory by Noam Chomsky (1957). The notion of recursion is a polemic matter and it has been the subject of a great debate in recent literature (HAUSER, CHOMSKY AND FITCH, 2002; PINKER AND JACKENDOFF, 2005, among others) and there is not a consensus about its definition. It is speculated that the recursive syntactic component is not only to language faculty and, mainly, its universality is questioned. Thus, this research tries to elucidate the problematic issues presented above, starting with an overview of the various deployment that the concept of recursion presents with respect to its treatment in Cognitive Linguistic, making a historical route from Mathematics to language relation, followed by an investigation of the recursive nature of syntax and culminating with the relative recent claims about the centrality of recursion in Biolinguistic context. / Este trabalho disserta sobre o fen?meno recursivo das l?nguas naturais com base em uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica feita a partir dos estudos da Teoria da Gram?tica Gerativa de Noam Chomsky (1957). A no??o de recursividade ? uma quest?o pol?mica e tem sido motivo de grande debate na literatura recente (HAUSER, CHOMSKY e FITCH, 2002; PINKER e JACKENDOFF, 2005, entre outros) e n?o h? um consenso sobre a sua defini??o. Especula-se que o componente sint?tico recursivo n?o seja ?nico ? linguagem humana e, principalmente, questiona-se a sua universalidade. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa procura iluminar as quest?es problem?ticas apresentadas acima, partindo de um panorama dos v?rios desdobramentos que o conceito recursividade apresenta no que diz respeito a seu tratamento na Lingu?stica Cognitiva, fazendo um percurso hist?rico desde a Matem?tica at? as rela??es com a linguagem, seguindo com uma investiga??o da natureza recursiva da sintaxe e culminando com as reivindica??es relativamente recentes sobre a centralidade da recurs?o no contexto da Biolingu?stica.

This thesis attempts to clarify a particular epistemological problem which surfaces in Chomsky's attempt to attain an objective psychological distance from the language used in his scientific theorizing, in taking language as an epistemological object. This is accomplished by examining the presumed objectivity underlying the theoretical basis of Chomskyan linguistics in its hermeneutical relation to the theories of language advocated by Quine, Wittgenstein, and other philosophers. / The thesis begins by situating the "metalanguage" in which the argumentation between Chomsky and Quine takes place in the Western philosophical tradition. It continues by outlining an historic-hermeneutic link between classical philosophy, early modernism and some twentieth century philosophies of language, most particularly those articulated by Wittgenstein in his two major works. Finally, the thesis concludes by identifying the hermeneutical nature of the philosophical discourse from which Chomsky's linguistics gains its epistemological force.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 400714.pdf: 628183 bytes, checksum: 856482c5538edc2abb20b4e9f0801518 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-21 / Apesar da Teoria do Caso ser um dos t?picos mais centrais da discuss?o te?rica dentro da GB (Government and Binding Reg?ncia e Liga??o) como disseram Raposo e Uriagereka (1990), esse projeto compreende uma proposta ainda in?dita, tal como: um estudo comparativo da Atribui??o de Caso para os sujeitos das Mini-ora??es Infinitivas em Ingl?s e no Portugu?s Brasileiro. Mais especificamente, ? uma investiga??o completa das rela??es das estruturas sint?ticas a respeito do Infinitivo Flexionado no Portugu?s Brasileiro e do Bare & To-Infinitives do Ingl?s, a fim de demonstrar e explicar a parametriza??o na atribui??o de Caso. Para tanto, o comportamento do NP-sujeito das Miniora??es de ambas as l?nguas foi analisado e contrastado. Devido a uma combina??o rara de valores na Gram?tica Universal, o Portugu?s Brasileiro (PB) ? deveras problem?tico para acomodar a marca??o de Caso. No entanto; a GB (Teoria da Reg?ncia e Liga??o), mais conhecida como Princ?pios e Par?metros, da conta de explicar esse fen?meno totalmente, dado as contribui??es complementares ? teoria de Chomsky.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 411524.pdf: 960738 bytes, checksum: 44d29ccd913e83ab779ef1826538e6df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-14 / Este trabalho disserta sobre a aquisi??o do Caso no portugu?s brasileiro, com base em uma pesquisa experimental feita com tr?s crian?as entre um ano e sete meses e tr?s anos de idade. Ap?s uma intensa revis?o bibliogr?fica que introduziu as ferramentas te?ricas e procurou trazer dados sobre a aquisi??o do Caso em outras l?nguas, foram descritos dois pontos de vista sobre a aquisi??o do Caso em l?ngua inglesa. O primeiro, apresentado no estudo de Schutze e Wexler (1996), relaciona a aquisi??o do Caso ao est?gio dos Infinitivos Opcionais (OI Stage); e o segundo, desenvolvido em Vainikka (1994), relaciona a aquisi??o do Caso ? aquisi??o das categorias frasais respons?veis pela atribui??o dos Casos. Os dois estudos serviram de guia para as an?lises dos dados brasileiros e possibilitaram a detec??o de um est?gio an?logo ao OI Stage que ocorre na aquisi??o do portugu?s do Brasil. Com base na an?lise dos dados infantis, sob ? luz da Teoria Gerativa de Chomsky (1957) na formula??o da Reg?ncia e Liga??o e da Teoria do Caso, foi constatado que existe uma flex?o default id?ntica ? flex?o de terceira pessoa, usada principalmente para a primeira pessoa quando o sujeito ? impl?cito. Atrav?s dos achados principais, foi poss?vel o delineio do padr?o de erro de marca??o Casual e foi tra?ado o caminho da aquisi??o dos pronomes, a come?ar pelo nominativo, no portugu?s brasileiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 439174.pdf: 133394 bytes, checksum: d72dd4f059f7c6e93fe8fac60b00e772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / This dissertation claims that embedded Inflected Infinitival Small Clauses (IISCs) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) are not well accounted for via any Movement- Approach, such as the Movement Theory of Control (MTC), as opposed to embedded infinitives in English. The main focus for the data analysis and for corroborating this thesis under Chomsky s (2008) Feature Inheritance is Control verb complements in BP and English, which in BP are taken as full φ-CP infinitives/φ-complete infinitival CPs, characterizing an unbounded Phase, while this possibility is not available in English. This difference thus adds evidence in favor of the approach to be pursued for Brazilian IISCs to be a Non-Movement one, so that the φ-features of the embedded subject can be saturated within the embedded CP-Phase. Concerning the embedded subject within this context, this dissertation then claims that in BP it is a noun (D/NP), pronoun or a pro (not a PRO), given the status of the embedded clause as a φ-complete, hence an [+ Agr] infinitival CP-Phase. / Esta Tese defende que as senten?as encaixadas do tipo infinitivas flexionadas (Inflected Infinitival Small Clauses - IISCs) em Portugu?s Brasileiro (PB) n?o s?o tratadas de forma adequada via qualquer abordagem com base em movimento, como a Teoria de Controle via Movimento (Movement Theory of Control - MTC), ao contr?rio das mesmas infinitivas encaixadas em Ingl?s. O foco principal para an?lise dos dados e para corroborar esta Tese sob a abordagem Minimalista de Chomsky (2008), conhecida como Feature Inheritance, s?o as encaixadas infinitivas como complementos de verbos de Controle em Portugu?s Brasileiro e em Ingl?s, as quais em PB s?o consideradas como ―full φ-CP infinitives/φ-complete infinitival CPs‖, ou seja, complementos do tipo CP-completos, caracterizando uma Phase/Fase intranspon?vel, ao passo que esta possibilidade n?o est? dispon?vel em Ingl?s. Tal diferen?a, portanto, contribui para evidenciar que a abordagem adequada a ser adotada para dar conta da atribui??o de Caso do sujeito das senten?as encaixadas infinitivas flexionadas em PB ? aquela que n?o envolva movimento do sujeito da senten?a encaixada para fora do CPencaixado; ou seja, para fora da CP-Phase/Fase-CP. Uma vez n?o havendo o movimento, as features-φ (φ-features) do sujeito da senten?a infinitiva encaixada s?o saturadas dentro da Fase-CP. Dado este contexto em PB, argumento que o sujeito encaixado, uma vez realizado, seja um nome (D/NP) ou um pronome a receber Caso Nominativo. E, bem como, quando n?o realizado, seja um pro (n?o PRO) Nominativo, uma vez que o status da senten?a encaixada infinitiva flexionada em PB ? φ-completo (φ-complete); mais especificamente, uma Fase-CP [+Agr].

Thesis (DPhil (Philosophy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This thesis gives an historical overview of some of the issues connecting philosophy of mind and philosophy of langauge in the twentieth century, especially with regard to the relevance of both disciplines to theories of cognition. Specifically, the interrelation between the theories of Peirce,Chomsky, Derrida, and Deacon are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of twentieth century views on mind in both philosophy and the cognitive sciences is given. The argument is made that many of the apparently insurmountable issues that plague theories on mind and cognition today can be traced back to the metaphysical mould into which the philosophical questions at issue here were cast. Also, despite current resistance to the idea from many philosophical quarters, a case is made for approaching language and mind in terms of neo-Darwinist evolutionary theory.

Este trabalho trata sobre os verbos inacusativos e a livre inversão do sujeito em sentenças declarativas do português brasileiro (PB). É um estudo, com base em revisão bibliográfica, à luz da Sintaxe Gerativa, sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Regência e da Ligação (TRL), proposta por Chomsky (1981), em conformidade com o modelo Princípios e Parâmetros. Primeiramente, é feito um apanhado de tópicos fundamentais (Léxico, Subcategorização Verbal, Teoria do Caso, Teoria Theta, Estrutura de Argumentos) para a TRL, bem como relacionados ao assunto a ser discutido. Após essa exposição, são apresentados os verbos inacusativos (monoargumentais) e as suas especificidades. É feita uma comparação entre os verbos inacusativos e os inergativos, tendo em vista serem ambos monoargumentais. Apesar disso, apresentam estruturas sintáticas completamente distintas. Suas estruturas-D mostram tais diferenças. Os inacusativos subcategorizam um Determiner Phrase (DP) complemento (posição de objeto). Os inergativos selecionam somente argumento externo. Quando ocorre a inversão do DP sujeito, este permanece em sua posição de base, dentro do V(erb)P(hrase). De acordo com autores relevantes (Pontes, 1986; Kato, 2000; Menuzzi, 2003) para este trabalho, os verbos inacusativos são compatíveis com a ordem V(erbo)S(ujeito) no PB. Nas sentenças VS com inacusativos, são verificadas duas possibilidades de concordância. Quando o verbo concorda com o DP sujeito pós-verbal ([pro] Chegaram as visitas), a concordância resulta da cadeia entre o DP sujeito pós-verbal e o expletivo nulo pro pré-verbal. Quando o verbo permanece na 3ª pessoa do singular ([pro] Chegou as visitas), a concordância é realizada com o expletivo nulo pro pré-verbal, que, de acordo com Mioto et al. (2007), é singular. A concordância com o expletivo pré-verbal é como no francês, por exemplo. Porém, no francês, o expletivo pré-verbal não é nulo, é lexical (Il). / This academic work deals with the unaccusative verbs and the free inversion of the subject in declarative sentences in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). This study is based on a bibliographic review, in the light of the Generative Syntax, under the Government-Binding (GB) Theory. It is proposed by Chomsky (1981), in accordance with the Principles and Parameters model. Firstly, a summary of the fundamental topics (Lexicon, Verb Subcategorization, Case Theory, θ-Theory, Argument Structure) within the GB is made, not to mention that these topics are absolutely related to the main subject. Thereafter, the unaccusative verbs (monoargumental) and their particularity are presented. A comparison is made between the unaccusative and the inergative verbs. Although they are both monoargumental verbs, they have different syntactic structures from each other. Their Dstructures show such differences. The unaccusative verbs subcategorize a Determiner Phrase (DP) complement (in the object place), while the inergative ones select an external argument. When the inversion of the DP subject occurs, it remains in its original position within the Verb Phrase (VP). According to relevant authors (Pontes, 1986; Kato, 2000; Menuzzi, 2003) to this work, the unaccusative verbs are compatible with the V(erb)S(ubject) order in BP. The occurance of two kinds of agreement is verified in the sentences when the DP subject occupies the post-verbal position. When the verb agrees with the post-verbal DP subject ([pro] Chegaram as visitas), the agreement results from a chain between the post-verbal DP subject and the null expletive pro. When the verb remains in the 3rd person of singular ([pro] Chegou as visitas), it reveals that the agreement is with the pre-verbal null expletive pro, singular according to Mioto et al. (2007). The agreement with the pre-verbal expletive is likewise in French. However in French the pre-verbal expletive is not null; it is the lexical one il.

It is a central claim of modern linguistic theory that linguists do not prescribe, but describe language as it is, without pronouncing on correctness or judging one variety better than another. This attempt to exclude evaluation is motivated by a desire to be ' politically correct', which hinders objective analysis of language, and by an ill-advised imitation of the natural sciences, which obstructs the discipline's progress towards becoming a science in its own right. It involves linguists, as users of a valued variety, in self-deception and disingenuousness, distances them from the concerns of the ordinary language user, and betrays a failure to understand the involvement of social values in language, the nature of language itself, and the limits of linguistic science. On a wider scale, linguistics reflects society's devaluing and mechanisation of language. Despite growing concern expressed in the literature, and the incoherence that becomes apparent when linguists attempt to address social problems using a theory that regards language as an autonomous object, newcomers to the discipline continue to be taught that anti-prescriptivism is the natural corollary of a scientific approach to language. This thesis suggests that the way out of these difficulties is to rethink the meaning of ' theory' in linguistics. If we take the reflexivity of language seriously, building on M.A.K. Halliday's notion of 'linguistics as metaphor', we are reminded that a linguistic theory is made of language. Metalanguage must use the experiential and interpersonal meaning-making resources of everyday language. It follows that a linguistic theory cannot escape being evaluative, because evaluation is an inherent part of interpersonal meaning. If we fail to notice our own metalinguistic evaluation, this is because language disguises its evaluative meanings, or perhaps we are just not used to thinking of them as part of the grammar. To achieve clarity about the involvement of value in language, we need to turn our metalanguage back on itself - 'using the grammar to think with about the grammar' . Some ways of doing this are demonstrated here, turning the resources of systemic functional linguistics on linguists' own language. The circularity of this process should be seen not as a drawback but as a salutary reminder that linguistics is an interpretive rather than a discovery process. This knowledge should help us revalue language and make a place for evaluation in linguistic theory, paving the way for a socially responsible and productive linguistics.