Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-07-31T17:58:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Jullian Josnei de Souza.pdf: 4272870 bytes, checksum: 6f1511f275e8e910ee0c183db991dd9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T17:58:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Jullian Josnei de Souza.pdf: 4272870 bytes, checksum: 6f1511f275e8e910ee0c183db991dd9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência da habilidade do operador, em seu nível de experiência, no desempenho clínico de restaurações diretas de resinas composta em lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC), realizadas por acadêmicos do último ano do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa e por profissionais com mais de 5 anos de formação. Foram realizadas 4 diferentes estratégias adesivas: convencional de 3 e 2 passos e autocondicionante de 2 e 1 passo, aplicadas em um modelo de ensaio clínico aleatorizado. 70 voluntários foram selecionados e alocados de forma aleatória em 2 grupos segundo o operador: profissionais (n=35) e acadêmicos (n=35). As 4 estratégias adesivas também foram distribuídas aleatoriamente dentre as LCNC de cada voluntário, e realizadas seguindo as intruções do fabricante. As avaliações foram feitas imediatamente e após 3 anos, por avaliadores previamente calibrados e cegos em relação à estratégia utilizada, utilizando 2 instrumentos de avaliação FDI (Federação Dentária Internacional) e USPHS (Serviço de Saúde Pública dos Estados Unidos), os quais são divididos em propriedades tais como: fratura/retenção; adaptação marginal; desadaptação marginal; sensibilidade pós operatória; e recorrência de cárie adjacente à restauração. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos de Friedman para comparar todos os grupos em tempos diferentes e Wilcoxon ente os pares dos grupos (α = 0.05). Após 3 anos o índice de comparecimento foi de 74% dos voluntários e observamos que foram perdidas apenas 5 restaurações no grupo dos profissionais: 1 pelo adesivo FL (Optibond FL covencional de 3 passos); 2 pelo adesivo XTR (Optibond XTR autocondicionante de 2 passos) ; 2 pelo adesivo AIO (Optibond All-In-One autocondicionante de 1 passo), totalizando uma taxa de retenção de 96% para FL; 92% para XTR; e 92% para AIO. Já no grupo dos acadêmicos foram perdidas 13 restaurações: 5 pelo adesivo FL (Optibond FL convencional de 3 passos); 2 pelo adesivo SP (Optibond Solo Plus convencional de 2 passos); 4 pelo adesivo XTR (Opitbond XTR autocondicionante de 2 passos); e 2 pelo AIO (Optibond All-In-One autocondicionante de 1 passo), totalizando uma taxa de retenção de 80% para FL; 92% para SP; 85%para XTR; e 92% para AIO pelo período de 3 anos. As técnicas adesivas mais complexas (convencional de 3 passos e autocondicionante de 2 passos) parecem apresentar dificuldades na aplicação para ambos os grupos de operadores (profissionais e acadêmicos), impactando negativamente na taxa de retenção. Assim, outros estudos e períodos mais longos de avaliação precisam ser realizados para esclarecer estas diferenças. Palavras-chave: adesivo dentinário, lesões cervicais não cariosas, avaliação clínica. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the operator skills in your level of experience (student and professional), on clinical performance of the composite restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL), made by senior year academics of Dentistry of the State University of Ponta Grossa and by professionals with 5 or more years of graduation, those restorations made using 4 different strategies adhesive (etch and rinse of 3 and 2 steps and self etch of 2 or 1 step), applied in random clinical test model. In order to make this study 70 volunteers were selected and put in random form of 2 groups according to the operator: professionals (n=35) and academics(n=35). The 4 adhesive strategies were too divided randomly between NCCL of each volunteer and made following the manufacture´s instructions. The evaluations were done immediately and after 3 years, by evaluaters previously callibrated and blind regarding the used strategy, were made 2 criterios of the evaluation FDI (International Dentistry Federation) and USPHS (Unied States Public Health Services), which or divided in properties such as: fracture and retation; marginal adaptation, marginal staining, pós operative sensibility and recourrence of caries near restoration. Statiscal analyses were performed with Friedman to compare all groups at different times and Wilcoxon between the pairs of the groups (α = 0.05). After 3 years the attendance rate was 74% of the volunteers and we observed that only 5 restorations were lost in the professionals group: 1 by the FL adhesive; 2 by the XTR adhesive; 2 by the AIO adhesive, totaling a 96% retention rate for FL; 92% for XTR; and 92% for AIO. Already in the group of the academics 13 restorations were lost: 5 by the adhesive FL; 2 by the adhesive SP; 4 by the adhesive XTR; and 2 by the AIO, totaling a retention rate of 80% for FL; 92% for SP; 85% for XTR; and 92% for AIO for a period of 3 years. The more complex adhesive techniques (etch and rinse 3-step and self-etch 2-step) seem to present difficulties in applying to both groups of operators (professionals and academics), negatively impacting the retention rate. Thus, other studies and longer periods of evaluation need to be performed to clarify these differences.

No description available.

Professional research project (Au.D.)--University of South Florida, 2001. / Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 63 pages. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: This is a retrospective study utilizing data complied over the past two years during the formative assessment process by the University of South Florida (USF) Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) in the development of the new audiology clinical doctoral (Au.D.) program. Final adoption of the new certification standards in audiology was received in 1997 and several Au.D. programs have been implemented since that time. This study responds to the requirements of appropriate assessment and documentation of clinical skill acquisition across the academic and clinical training program. / The purpose of this review was to complete a qualitative analysis of the data gathered previously to determine indicators of clinical competency specific to the USF Au.D. program. This study focused on determining minimal knowledge and clinical skills that should be acquired at the end of the second and third years relative to competencies outlined in Standard IV-D: Evaluation and Standard IV-E: Treatment. Expectations relative to skills that audiology students should possess at designated points in the educational process are pertinent to developing effective tools for assessing clinical performance. Two focus group discussion sessions were held. / One group included USF audiology academic and clinical faculty and the other group was composed of external practicing audiologists who provide supervision for audiology students in extern assignments. Participation was on a voluntary basis and anonymity was maintained. A guided discussion format was followed to obtain information about their expectations for student clinical competency levels at the end of the second and third years of study. The analysis of the data set included a review and summary of comments and ratings completed by the participants. The summary provided a highlight of key points, trends, and similarities/differences in the ratings provided by the two groups. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-13T13:02:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Erica Andrade Borges.pdf: 4139502 bytes, checksum: c80b9b1a5c5ba294663e2fd676cb075a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T13:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Erica Andrade Borges.pdf: 4139502 bytes, checksum: c80b9b1a5c5ba294663e2fd676cb075a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1201-02-11 / CAPEs / O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o uso da técnica da tomografia por coerência óptica através de experimento in vitro para avaliar a cimentação e a linha de união laminado-cimento-dente antes e depois da termociclagem, visando a aplicação clínica deste instrumento. Além de comparar diferentes modalidades de materiais e protocolos de cimentação. A técnica da tomografia por coerência óptica (TCO) é um método não invasivo, quantitativo e qualitativo, e foi utilizado para avaliação da qualidade póscimentação do laminado, minimizando possíveis erros, e proporcionando acompanhamento clínico sem exposição a radiação ou qualquer procedimento invasivo. Foram feitas imagens em 2D e 3D dos laminados e das superfícies dentais antes e depois da cimentação e do processo de ciclagem térmica. Os laminados (20) foram cimentados na superfície de esmalte bovino de acordo com uma distribuição aleatória em 4 grupos (n=05): FA – cimento resinoso dual com fotoativação prévia do adesivo; FC – cimento resinoso dual sem fotoativação prévia do adesivo; AF - cimento resinoso autocondicionante dual com fotoativação; AQ - cimento resinoso autocondicionante dual com polimerização química. Os laminados foram fabricados em porcelana modificada por dissilicato de lítio, na espessura de 0,5 mm. As análises foram feitas através de imagens 2D e 3D com o TCO. Os resultados mostraram claramente a presença de bolhas com dimensões típicas que variaram de 146 μm a 1427 μm, além de falhas como a presença de gap e até a desadaptação do laminado. Parte dessas falhas, já estavam presentes imediatamente após o processo de cimentação e após a ciclagem térmica mantiveram-se estáveis ou foram acentuadas. Os resultados indicam que um acompanhamento periódico de pacientes que utilizam laminados cerâmicos é de fundamental importância para garantia da manutenção da qualidade do procedimento, bem como evitar problemas na saúde bucal. Propomos então a técnica de TCO como padrão para este procedimento. / The aim of this study was to validate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) through in vitro experiment to evaluate the cementing and the union line of lumineer-cement-tooth before and after the thermal cycling. In addition to comparing different types of materials and cementation protocols. The technique of optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, quantitative and qualitative method, and was used to evaluate the postcementation quality of the lamina, minimizing potential errors, and providing clinical follow-up without exposure to radiation or any invasive procedure. Were made in both 2D and 3D imaging of tooth surfaces and the laminate before and after the cementing and the thermocycling process. 20 specimens of lumineers-teetth were prepared in bovine teeth and randomly allocated in 4 experimental groups (n=5) with two different cementation techniques and two different types of cementing agent: FA - dual resin cement with prior photo activation of the adhesive; FC - dual resin cement without curing the adhesive; AF - self-etching resin cement with photoactivation; AQ - selfetching resin cement with chemical polymerization. The lumineers were made of lithium disilicate and obtained using a vacuum injection technique, thickness of 0.5 mm. The analysis was performed by using 2D and 3D OCT images, obtained before and after the thermal cycling. The results showed the presence of bubbles with typical size ranging from 146 μm to 1427 μm, and faults as the presence of gap and laminate mismatch. Some of these faults were already present immediately after the process of cementing and after thermal cycling remained stable or were marked. The results indicate that regular monitoring of patients using lumineers is of fundamental importance for ensuring the maintenance of the quality of the procedure and how to avoid problems in oral health. Then we propose the OCT technical default for this in vivo to follow-up.

Les dispositifs médicaux (DM) sont des produits de santé qui représentent un ensemblehétérogène de plus de 500 000 technologies, allant de la plus simple à la plus complexe.Contrairement au médicament, il n’existe pas de démarche formelle quant aux étapes dudéveloppement clinique des DM, notamment pour ceux les plus à risque.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de décrire les données cliniques disponibles en Francelorsqu’un DM accède au marché, et de proposer des solutions pour améliorer la quantité etla qualité des études cliniques réalisées. Pour cela, nous avons exploré deux voies :l’accompagnement des industriels pour la mise en place d’études cliniques qui répondentaux attentes des différents acteurs ; et l’utilisation de registres pour améliorer le niveau depreuve disponible, en générant des données cliniques complémentaires dès la diffusion.L’évaluation clinique des DM est complexe et difficile ; elle nécessite un apprentissage desindustriels et des interactions avec les autorités de santé. Toutefois, le niveau des donnéescliniques disponibles pour évaluer les DM doit et peut être amélioré, notamment par laspécialisation de méthodologistes et l’accompagnement des industriels par des plateformesproches du terrain clinique. / Medical devices are health products representing a heterogeneous set of more than 500 000technologies, from the simplest to the most complex ones. Unlike drugs, there is no formalframework for the stages of clinical development of medical devices, especially those with ahigher degree of risk.The objective of this thesis was to describe clinical data available in France when a medicaldevice is launched, and suggest some options to improve the quality and quantity of clinicalstudies performed. To this end, we explored two ways: supporting enterprises for theimplementation of clinical studies that meet the expectations of all stakeholders; and usingregistries to improve the level of available evidence by generating additional post-marketingclinical data.The clinical evaluation of medical devices is complex and difficult, and must go through thelearning of industrials and interactions with health authorities. However, the level of clinicalevidence should and can be improved, including the specialization of methodologists and theaccompaniment of enterprises through platforms close to the clinical field.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical properties of tooth-colored computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials for the fabrication of a 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) in the same clinical scenario. A 53-year-old female patient was supplied with a 3-unit FDP to replace a second premolar in the upper jaw. Restorations were fabricated from 3 mol%, 4 mol%, and 5 mol% yttrium oxide zirconia, zirconia with translucency gradient, indirect composite resin, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). Milling time, weight, and radiopacity were investigated. Esthetics were examined following the US Public Health Service criteria (USPHS). The milling time for zirconia was twice as high as for the indirect composite resin, PEEK, or PEKK. The latter materials had a weight of 2 g each, while zirconia restorations yielded 5 g. Zirconia presented intense radiopacity. PEEK and PEKK required veneering and an opaquer was applied to the PEKK framework. All FDPs showed acceptable esthetics. PEEK and PEKK restorations were featured by a grayish shimmering. A variety of CAD/CAM materials are available to fabricate 3-unit FDPs with esthetically acceptable results. In the esthetic zone, PEEK and PEKK require veneering and an opaquer might be applied. Milling time, weight, and radiopacity were relatively high for zirconia FDPs.

<p>The rise in popularity of smartphones and tablets has sparked substantial interest among healthcare providers. Increasing number of medical schools have launched curricula targeted for mobile tablets. A mobile tablet that facilitates clinical documentation can enhance the mobility of residents and physicians by eliminating the need to be tethered to a workstation. Considering the popularity of Apple’s iPad, a clinical evaluation tool for syncope was implemented on an iPad to test its usability in this environment.</p> <p>The primary objective of this thesis is to develop a mobile tablet app for clinical evaluation and to assess its usability. The contents of the app are based on clinical practice guidelines. The app facilitates clinical evaluation using structured, pre-populated items and unstructured free-text narratives. The participants of this study used the app and paper in pre-determined sequences to document clinical evaluation of a given scenario. A System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire was used to gather feedback on usability. A comparison questionnaire gathered participant preferences between app and paper.</p> <p>This study showed that evidence-based app could be developed, with an emphasis on usability during design and development. During the study, participants recorded more ‘structured’ than ‘unstructured’ free-text information on the tablet. The SUS scores indicated an above average usability score for the app. However, participants rated paper above the app in overall comparison. Future studies are needed to determine whether the level of detail of clinical information presented in mobile tablet apps have a negative effect on participant acceptance.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Description. Les troubles d’alimentation touchent de 33 à 80 % des enfants ayant un trouble du développement. L’évaluation clinique constitue une étape essentielle dans l’identification de la problématique. Alors qu’il existe des outils valides permettant d’évaluer la sphère oro-motrice, l’évaluation des problèmes d’origine sensorielle reste très limitée entraînant une négligence importante de cette dimension dans la prise en charge des problèmes d’alimentation. But. La présente étude avait pour but de développer une version préliminaire d’un instrument de mesure permettant l’identification précoce des problèmes d’alimentation d’ordre sensoriel chez la population pédiatrique. Méthodologie. Les premières étapes énoncées par Kielhofner et collègues permettant l’élaboration d’un nouvel outil d’évaluation ont été suivies. Résultats. Une version préliminaire de cet outil est proposée comprenant un questionnaire et un test. Le Questionnaire de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation (QSSA), constitué de 58 items, permet de documenter les capacités de l’enfant à traiter l’information sensorielle en lien avec l’alimentation et le Test de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation (TSSA) permet d’évaluer directement la tolérance de l’enfant à l’exploration buccale de matériel non comestible et comestible. Conséquences. La conception du questionnaire et du test de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation constituent les premières étapes du développement d’un outil d’évaluation visant spécifiquement la sphère sensorielle et les habitudes alimentaires chez le jeune enfant (6-36 mois). / Problem Statement. Thirty-three to 80% of children with developmental problems also have feeding problems. The clinical evaluation of these children constitutes an essential step in identifying feeding problems. Although valid tools for the assessment of oral-motor problems exist, evaluation of oral sensory problems remains very limited, resulting in a marked gap for addressing feeding problems of a sensory nature. Goal. The goal of this study was to put in place several critical steps necessary to develop a measurement instrument for the early identification of sensory feeding problems in the pediatric population. Methods. Several steps, described by Kielhofner and colleagues, for the development of a new evaluation tool were followed. Results. A preliminary version of a parent questionnaire (Questionnaire de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation), containing 58 items, has been developed. It allows the documentation of children’s ability to deal with oral sensory issues related to feeding. The test (Test de la sphere sensorielle de l’alimentation) permits evaluation of the tolerance to oral exploration of non-edible and edible items. Implications. This questionnaire and test constitute a first step in the development of a sound clinical oral sensory and feeding assessment tool for young children ages 6 to 36 months.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:22:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christiana Zander- Grande.pdf: 3394468 bytes, checksum: ba3c2add0422346076ce6340c05c537d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different protocols of application of conventional and self-etch adhesive systems over the years, in a laboratory study and two clinical studies. Objective 1: to evaluate the microtensile bond strengths (microTBS) of 1-step vs. 2-step self-etch systems to dentin after 24 hours and after 6 months of water storage. Objective 2: to evaluate the 24-month clinical performance of resin–based composites in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in teeth restored with two etch-and-rinse adhesives that had been applied with a vigorous rubbing action to both dry and rewet dentin. Objectives 3: to evaluate the clinical performance of two one-step self-etch adhesives in non carious cervical lesions (NCCL) under active or passive application mode. Methods 1: resin composite buildups were bonded to occlusal dentin of third molars using the following adhesives: Xeno IV (XE, Dentsply), G-Bond (GB, GC Inc), Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3, Kuraray); Adper Prompt L-Pop (AD, 3M ESPE); Go (GO, SDI), All Bond SE (ABSE 1-step or ABSE 2-step, Bisco) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray). The bonded sticks (cross-sectioned area of 0.8-0.9 mm2) originated from the same teeth were randomly divided to be tested after 24 hours or after 6 months of water storage. The data was submitted to two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test with and without the inclusion of premature failures (PF) (alpha = 0.05). Methods 2: were enrolled 40 patients in this study. They inserted 160 restorations and evaluated them at baseline and at six, 12 and 24 months of service. They divided the restorations into four groups: One-Step (OS) Universal Dental Adhesive System (Bisco, Schaumburg, Ill.) (acetone-based adhesive) with rewet dentin; OS with dry dentin; Adper Single Bond (SB) Plus Adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn.) (ethanol/water–based adhesive) with rewet dentin; and SB with dry dentin. The authors used the same resin–based composite for all restorations. They evaluated the restorations according to modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria. Methods 3: 31 patients with 4 NCCL were enrolled in this study. One hundred and twenty four restorations were placed according to one of the following conditions: (1) APA (Adper Prompt L Pop, active application), (2) APP (Adper Prompt L-Pop - passive application); (3) XEA (Xeno III - active application) and (4) XEP (Xeno III - passive application). The restorations were evaluated by the FDI criteria at baseline, after 6, 12 and 24 months of clinical service. The effects of adhesive, mode of application and recall period were assessed via mixed generalized linear model (alfa=0.05). Results 1: the inclusion of PF resulted in different statistically significant means for CS3, CSE and AD (P<0.05). Results 2: the 24-month retention rates for the rewet and dry conditions, respectively, were 95.0 percent and 97.5 percent for SB and 97.5 percent and 91.9 percent for OS. The authors detected no significant difference between rewet and dry groups for either adhesive (P > .05). In terms of marginal discoloration, OS performed significantly worse than did SB, irrespective of dentin moisture (P > .05). Results 3: the adhesive AP and the passive application mode showed significant higher marginal staining than XE and active application, respectively (p < 0.05). In regard to the retention rates, the active application mode yielded higher retention rates at the 24-month recall compared to the passive application, regardless of the material. The individual retention rates (%, 95% confidence interval) of both adhesive in the active application mode were the same 96.8% (83.8– 99.4), while in the passive application were 87.1% (71.2–94.9) and 80.7% (63.7–90.8), respectively, for XE and AP. Conclusions 1: only the ABSE2 showed stable bonds after 6 months of water storage (P>0.05). Conclusions 2: dentin moisture seems not to be important for the retention of etch-and-rinse adhesives as long as the adhesives have been rubbed vigorously onto the dentin surface. The ethanol/water–based adhesive showed a better overall performance than did the acetone–based system. Conclusions 3: the active application improved the retention rates of both adhesives after 24 months and minimized the marginal staining at enamel margins. / O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes protocolos de adesão na longevidade de diferentes sistemas adesivos, convencionais e autocondicionantes em um estudo laboratorial e dois estudos clínicos. Sendo os objetivos específicos, para cada um dos três estudos respectivamente: avaliar a resistência de união, ao longo do tempo, de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes de um passo e dois passos, aplicados de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. Avaliar clinicamente a retenção de restaurações de classe V realizadas com sistemas adesivos convencionais de dois passos aplicados de maneira vigorosa em dentina seca ou úmida. Avaliar clinicamente a retenção de restaurações de classe V realizadas com sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes aplicados de forma ativa ou passiva. Metodologia 1: foram utilizados 24 terceiros molares, cuja a dentina foi exposta e sobre ela foram construidas de maneira incremental coroas em resina composta utilizando os seguintes adesivos: Xeno IV (XE, Dentsply), G-Bond (GB, GC Inc), Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3, Kuraray); Adper Prompt L- Pop (AD, 3M ESPE); Go (GO, SDI), All SE Bond (ABSE um passo, ABSE dois passos, Bisco) e Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray). Os “palitos” obtidos (0,8mm2) originados a partir dos mesmos dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente para serem testados, após 24 h ou 6 m de armazenamento em água. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância ANOVA dois critérios e teste de Tukey com e sem a inclusão de falhas prematuras (PF) (α=0,05). Metodologia 2: 40 pacientes com 4 lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC) semelhantes foram incluidos neste estudo. Foram colocadas 160 restaurações, de acordo com os seguintes grupos: One-Step/acetona (Bisco) Seco ou Reumedecido (OSS ou OSR) e Adper Single Bond/etanol Seco ou Reumedecido (SBS ou SBR) (3M ESPE). As restaurações foram avaliadas pelos critérios USPHS modificados nos tempos imediatos, após, 6, 12 e 24 meses. Em cada estudo clínico, as diferenças nos índices dos diferentes grupos no mesmo período de avaliação e as diferenças para um mesmo grupo nos diferentes períodos de avaliação (imediato, 6, 12 e 24 meses) foram submetidas ao teste de medidas repetidas de Friedman (α = 0,05) e, para as diferenças encontradas, os grupos foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon (α = 0,05). Metodologia 3: 31 pacientes com 4 LCNC semelhantes foram incluídos neste estudo. Foram colocadas 124 restaurações de acordo com as seguintes condições: (1) APA (Adper Prompt L Pop, aplicação ativa), (2) APP (Adper Prompt L-Pop - aplicação passiva), (3) XEA (Xeno III - aplicação ativa) e (4) XEP (Xeno III - aplicação passiva). As restaurações foram avaliadas pelos critérios da FDI imediatamente e após 6, 12 e 24 meses. Os efeitos do adesivo e o modo de aplicação foram avaliados através de um modelo linear generalizado misto associado a uma função de ligação. Resultados 1: a inclusão de falhas prematuras resultou em diferença estatisticamente significativas para CS3, CSE e AD (P <0,05). Resultados 2: as taxas de retenção após 24 meses de avaliação para os seguintes grupos foram: SBR 95%, SBS 97,5%, OSS 91,9% e OSR 97,5%. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada entre os grupos (P> 0,05). Em termos de descoloração marginal, o desempenho do OS foi significativamente pior do que SB, independentemente da umidade da dentina (P> 0,05). Resultados 3: O adesivo AP e a aplicação passiva demostraram uma significativa descoloração quando comparados com o adesivo XE e a aplicação ativa, respectivamente (p < 0.05). No que diz respeito às taxas de retenção, o modo de aplicação ativa produziu maiores taxas de retenção na avaliação de 24 meses em comparação com a aplicação passiva, independentemente do adesivo. As taxas de retenção individuais (%, intervalo de confiança de 95%) de ambos os adesivos no modo de aplicação ativa foram os 96,8% mesmo (83,8-99,4), enquanto na aplicação passiva foram 87,1% (71,2-94,9) e 80,7% (63,7- 90,8), respectivamente, para XE e AP. Conclusão: novos protocolos de aplicação podem melhorar os resultados clínicos em longo prazo dos diferentes sistemas adesivos, quando comparados aos protocolos recomendados pelos fabricantes; que a aplicação ativa melhorou as taxas de retenção dos sistemas adesivos testados, ao longo do tempo, para ambos os estudos clínicos.

Consistency in clinical preceptor training for sonography students is important in assuring equity in sonography student evaluation. Review of a local community college sonography program revealed a gap between expected roles and responsibilities of clinical preceptorship and what was actually done in the clinical setting. The purpose of this project study was to explore perceptions of graduates and preceptors regarding what constituted best practices in the evaluation of sonography students in the clinical setting. Knowles's theory of active learning provided a framework for understanding the student-preceptor relationship in the evaluation process. Research questions focused on sonography graduates' and clinical preceptors' perceptions of important practices for ensuring consistency and equity in clinical evaluation. A case study design composed of face-to-face interviews with 5 graduates and 5 preceptors at the study community college was used to address the research questions. Sonography graduates were at least 2 years post-graduation; preceptors had at least 1 year with the program and at least 2 years of clinical experience. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and open coded to identify common themes. Four themes were identified: similar definitions of consistency in evaluation, importance of immediate feedback after skillls performance, potential favoritism in clinical evaluation, and the need to enforce program policies. Findings were used to design a clinical preceptor training workshop that could provide a better understanding of effective measures to attain consistency and equity in the evaluation process, fostering positive social change by helping prepare sonography students as competent practitioners to address health care needs locally and globally.