Les catégories de fusion pointées sont des catégories de fusion pour lesquelles les objets simples sont inversibles. Nous développons des méthodes basés par ordinateur pour classifier les catégories pointées à équivalence de Morita près, et les appliquons aux catégories pointées de dimensions comprises entre 2 et 32. Nous prouvons qu'il existe 1126 classes de Morita pour de telles catégories. Aussi, nous prouvons que les indicateurs de Frobenius-Schur du centre d'une catégorie pointée de dimension inférieure à 32, accompagnés de structure enrubannée de ce centre, déterminent sa classe de Morita. Ceci est faux en général: les données modulaires, et donc a fortiori les indicateurs et structures enrubannées, ne distinguent pas les catégories modulaires. Nous donnons une famille d'exemples ; en réalité, il existe un nombre arbitrairement grand de catégories modulaires deux-à-deux non équivalentes qui peuvent partager les mêmes données modulaires. / Pointed fusion categories are fusion categories in which all simple objects are invertible. We develop computer-based methods to classify pointed categories up to Morita equivalence, and apply them to pointed fusion categories of dimension from 2 to 31. We prove that there are 1126 Morita classes of such categories. Also, we prove that the Frobenius-Schur indicators of the centers of a pointed category of dimension less than 32, along with its ribbon twist, determine its Morita class. This is not true in general: the modular data, and a fortiori the indicators and the ribbon twists, do not distinguish modular categories. We give a family of examples; in fact, arbitrarly many pairwise non-equivalent modular categories can share the same modular data.

Denotemos por X ~ p \'S POT. m\' x \'S POT. n\' um espaço finitístico com anel de cohomologia módulo p isomorfo ao anel de cohomologia de um produto de esferas \'S POT. m\' x \'S POT. n\', o qual admite ação livre do grupo cíclico G = Zp, com p um primo ímpar. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é determinar o anel de cohomologia do espaço de órbitas X / G, usando como ferramenta principal a seqüência espectral de Leray-Serre associada à fibração de Borel X \'SETA\' \'imath\' X G \'SETA\' \'pi\' B G, onde BG é o espaço classificante do G-fibrado universal wG = (EG;BG; pG; G;G) e XG = EG x G X é o espaço de Borel. Este resultado foi provado por R. M. Dotzel, T. B. Singh and S. P. Tripathi em [14] / Let denote by X ~ p \'S POT. m\' x \'S POT. n\' finitistic space with mod p cohomology ring isomorphic to the cohomology ring of a product of spheres \'S POT. m\' x \'S POT. n\' , which admits a free action of the cyclic group G = Zp, with p an odd prime. Our goal in this work is to determine the cohomology ring of the orbit space X / G, using as main tool the Leray-Serre spectral sequence associated to the Borel fibration X \'SETA\" \'imath\' \'X G \'SETA\' \'pi\' BG, where BG is the classifying space of the G-universal bundle wG = (EG;BG; pG; G;G) and XG = EG x G X is the Borel space. This result was proved by R. M. Dotzel, T. B. Singh and S. P. Tripathi in [14]

Neste trabalho, veremos que a noção de número de Nielsen pode ser estendida para aplicações entre variedades topológicas não necessariamente orientáveis ou compactas, com ou sem fronteira. / In this work, we are going to see that the concept of Nilsen Root Number can be extended to maps between not necessarily orientable nor compact manifolds, with or without boundary.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo discutir sob quais condições uma G- estrutura é integrável. Primeiro apresentam-se fibrados principais, vetoriais e outras estruturas a elas associados como torção, espaços verticais, espaços horizontais e conexões. Depois apresentam-se a definição de G-estrutura, de integrabilidade de G-estruturas, com exemplos e as respectivas versões de integrabilidade e equivalência de G-estruturas. Finalmente, são descritas condições mais gerais que garantem a integrabilidade de G-estruturas. / This dissertation aims to discuss what are the conditions for the inte- grability of a G-structure. We begin presenting principal bundles, vectoer bundles, associated bundles and other structures related to them like torsion, vertical spaces, horizontal spaces and connections. After this, we present the definition of G-structure, integrability os G-structures with examples ans respectives versions of integrabilities and the equivalence of G-estructures. Finally, we describe more general conditions that ensure the integrability of G-structures.

Le but principal de cette thèse de doctorat est l'étude de l'anneau de cohomologie du complément d'une courbe algébrique réduite dans le plan projectif pondéré complexe dont les composantes irréductibles sont des courbes rationnelles (avec ou sans points singuliers). En particulier, des représentants holomorphes (rationnels) sont obtenus pour les classes de cohomologie. Pour atteindre notre objectif, il est nécessaire de développer une théorie algébrique des courbes sur des surfaces avec des singularités quotient et d'étudier des techniques pour calculer certains invariants particulièrement utiles à travers des Q-résolutions plongées. / The main goal of this PhD thesis is the study of the cohomology ring of the complement of a reduced algebraic curve in the complex weighted projective plane whose irreducible components are all rational (possibly singular) curves. In particular, holomorphic (rational) representatives are found for the cohomology classes. In order to achieve our purpose one needs to develop an algebraic theory of curves on surfaces with quotient singularities and study techniques to compute some particularly useful invariants by means of embedded Q-resolutions.

Neste trabalho, veremos que a noção de número de Nielsen pode ser estendida para aplicações entre variedades topológicas não necessariamente orientáveis ou compactas, com ou sem fronteira. / In this work, we are going to see that the concept of Nilsen Root Number can be extended to maps between not necessarily orientable nor compact manifolds, with or without boundary.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo discutir sob quais condições uma G- estrutura é integrável. Primeiro apresentam-se fibrados principais, vetoriais e outras estruturas a elas associados como torção, espaços verticais, espaços horizontais e conexões. Depois apresentam-se a definição de G-estrutura, de integrabilidade de G-estruturas, com exemplos e as respectivas versões de integrabilidade e equivalência de G-estruturas. Finalmente, são descritas condições mais gerais que garantem a integrabilidade de G-estruturas. / This dissertation aims to discuss what are the conditions for the inte- grability of a G-structure. We begin presenting principal bundles, vectoer bundles, associated bundles and other structures related to them like torsion, vertical spaces, horizontal spaces and connections. After this, we present the definition of G-structure, integrability os G-structures with examples ans respectives versions of integrabilities and the equivalence of G-estructures. Finally, we describe more general conditions that ensure the integrability of G-structures.

Denotemos por X ~ p \'S POT. m\' x \'S POT. n\' um espaço finitístico com anel de cohomologia módulo p isomorfo ao anel de cohomologia de um produto de esferas \'S POT. m\' x \'S POT. n\', o qual admite ação livre do grupo cíclico G = Zp, com p um primo ímpar. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é determinar o anel de cohomologia do espaço de órbitas X / G, usando como ferramenta principal a seqüência espectral de Leray-Serre associada à fibração de Borel X \'SETA\' \'imath\' X G \'SETA\' \'pi\' B G, onde BG é o espaço classificante do G-fibrado universal wG = (EG;BG; pG; G;G) e XG = EG x G X é o espaço de Borel. Este resultado foi provado por R. M. Dotzel, T. B. Singh and S. P. Tripathi em [14] / Let denote by X ~ p \'S POT. m\' x \'S POT. n\' finitistic space with mod p cohomology ring isomorphic to the cohomology ring of a product of spheres \'S POT. m\' x \'S POT. n\' , which admits a free action of the cyclic group G = Zp, with p an odd prime. Our goal in this work is to determine the cohomology ring of the orbit space X / G, using as main tool the Leray-Serre spectral sequence associated to the Borel fibration X \'SETA\" \'imath\' \'X G \'SETA\' \'pi\' BG, where BG is the classifying space of the G-universal bundle wG = (EG;BG; pG; G;G) and XG = EG x G X is the Borel space. This result was proved by R. M. Dotzel, T. B. Singh and S. P. Tripathi in [14]

在本碩士論文中, 我們闡述了投射有限群表現, 以及其形變理論。 我們亦特別研究這些表示在 GL_1 和 GL_2 之形變, 並且給了可表示化 的判定準則。 最後, 我們解釋相對應的泛形變環之扎里斯基切空間與 群餘調之關連, 並計算了 GL_1 的泛形變表現。 / In this master thesis, we give an exposition of the deformation theory of representations for GL_1 and GL_2, respectively, of certain profinite groups. We give rigidity conditions of the fixed representation and verify several conditions for the representability. Finally, we interpret the Zariski tangent spaces of respective universal deformation rings as certain group cohomology and calculate the universal deformation for GL_1.

Soit G un groupe algébrique semi-simple sur un corps de caractéristique 0. Ce mémoire discute d'un théorème d'annulation de la cohomologie supérieure du faisceau D des opérateurs différentiels sur une variété de drapeaux de G. On démontre que si P est un sous-groupe parabolique de G, alors H^i(G/P,D)=0 pour tout i>0. On donne en fait trois preuves indépendantes de ce théorème. La première preuve est de Hesselink et n'est valide que dans le cas où le sous-groupe parabolique est un sous-groupe de Borel. Elle utilise un argument de suites spectrales et le théorème de Borel-Weil-Bott. La seconde preuve est de Kempf et n'est valide que dans le cas où le radical unipotent de P agit trivialement sur son algèbre de Lie. Elle n'utilise que le théorème de Borel-Weil-Bott. Enfin, la troisième preuve est attribuée à Elkik. Elle est valide pour tout sous-groupe parabolique mais utilise le théorème de Grauert-Riemenschneider. On présente aussi une construction détaillée du faisceau des opérateurs différentiels sur une variété. / Let G be a semisimple algebraic group on a field of characteristic 0. This thesis discusses a vanishing theorem for the higher cohomology of the sheaf D of differential operators on a flag variety of G. We show that if P is a parabolic subgroup of G, then H^i(G/P,D)=0 for all i>0. In fact, we give three independent proofs of this theorem. The first proof, due to Hesselink, only works if the parabolic subgroup P is a Borel subgroup. It uses a spectral sequence argument as well as the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem. The second proof, due to Kempf, only works if the unipotent radical of P acts trivially on its Lie algebra. It only uses the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem. Finally, the third proof, due to Elkik, is valid for any parabolic subgroup. However, it uses the Grauert-Riemenschneider theorem. We also present a detailled construction of the sheaf of differential operators on a variety.