The Labour Relations Act, 1995 makes no provision of a legally enforceable duty to bargain, but affords certain rights to unions such as organisational rights. Although employers are obliged to grant these rights to representative unions, they are not compelled to engage in bargaining with them as there is no duty to negotiate. However, the refusal to bargain will result in power play in order to convince the other party to negotiate. If an employer refuses to negotiate with a union, the union is able to strike without any fear of dismissal of its members, provided that the strike takes place with requirements of the Act. The questions that need to be answered are amongst others whether the amendments on organisational rights will truly broaden access to section 14 and 16 rights of the Labour Relations Act? Further than that, to investigate whether these amendments will lead a decline in industrial action related to organisational rights. It also becomes imperative to find whether these arrangements will enable commissioners to carry out the mandate of minimizing the proliferation of trade unions. The study aims to provide understanding of the principles of collective bargaining in the workplace. This in turn promotes better understanding of the rights enshrined in section 23(5) of the Constitution which provides that trade unions, employers’ organisation and employers have the right to engage in collective bargaining. This right is given effect to the Labour Relations Act as amended. The law regarding collective bargaining in South Africa has been interpreted in two ways; the Labour Relations Act refers to a duty to bargain collectively, while the Constitution refers to a right to engage in collective bargaining. These two interpretations have been subjected to judicial criticism in three cases in the South African National Defence Force. They are currently the main cases dealing with this issue in South Africa. The implications that a trade union is entitled to embark on strike action in order to obtain organisational rights in circumstances where it is not regarded as sufficiently representative, provides some form of relief for minority unions. Against this background, the critical legal question is the impact of recent amendments to the Labour Relations Act within the context of collective bargaining.

Diante do fato de muitos doutrinadores brasileiros apontarem como saída ao Direito do Trabalho o incremento das negociações coletivas, a dissertação traz como problema principal a verificação das perspectivas atuais das mesmas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Enfoca, também, as repercussões dos postulados pós-modernos sobre a antiga contratação coletiva de trabalho e projeta, inclusive, algumas inovações em matéria ambiental. A fim de responder ao problema principal, a pesquisa apóia-se em 1) atividade de campo, através de realização de entrevistas com dirigentes sindicais; 2) análise dos instrumentos coletivos firmados pelos sindicatos; e 3) o cotejo entre as entrevistas colhidas e os instrumentos firmados. Para a análise dos dados obtidos, utiliza-se a teoria sistêmica de Niklas Luhmann. Por fim, conclui-se, em linhas gerais, que não há repercussões dos postulados pós-modernos sobre as cláusulas dos instrumentos analisados, já que, unanimemente, dão superioridade à repetições de textos de lei ao invés de opções inovadoras. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-29T16:11:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Filipi Diffini Santa Maria.pdf: 3166039 bytes, checksum: f4c1545b4aa312a470e605ddc977a0ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-29T16:11:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Filipi Diffini Santa Maria.pdf: 3166039 bytes, checksum: f4c1545b4aa312a470e605ddc977a0ea (MD5) / Considering the fact that many brazilians writers say that the labour law should increase itself through the collective bargaining, the study has as its main problem the verification of the current prospects of the bargaining in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Also focuses the impact of the ideas of the post modernity in the labour law, beyond some innovations in environmental matters. To reach the main problem, the search is based on 1) interviews with union leaders, 2) analysis of collective instruments signed by unions and, finally, 3) the comparison between interviews and the instruments signed. For the analysis of data obtained, we used the systemic theory of Niklas Luhmann. Finally, it shows that there are no effects of post-modern in the collective bargaining, but repetition of the law instead of innovative options.

Na tradição da teoria de relações de trabalho, os salários monetários são determinados em um sistema de relações de trabalho. Um dos modos de regulação do sistema de relações de trabalho é a negociação coletiva. O Plano Real inaugurou um novo paradigma para as negociações salariais no país quando acabou com os reajustes automáticos após 30 anos de indexação de preços e salários, o que significou uma nova dinâmica dos salários nominais, que passaram a depender, principalmente, dos resultados de negociações coletivas e de decisões unilaterais dos empregadores. O presente trabalho buscou analisar os salários monetários determinados por negociação coletiva em um cenário de baixa inflação e desindexação salarial. Foram analisados os determinantes dos resultados das negociações salariais em 16 unidades selecionadas da indústria do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1996 e 2011. Os resultados da análise de regressão indicaram que, entre 1996 e 2011, os resultados dos reajustes salariais negociados foram influenciados (i) pela taxa de desemprego, (ii) pelo nível de emprego, (iii) pela variação no produto da indústria, (iv) pela razão entre os custos do trabalho e os custos totais de produção, (v) pela variação no salário mínimo oficial, e (vi) pela presença do Partido dos Trabalhadores no governo federal. Quanto aos resultados para os pisos salariais negociados, estes dependeram (i) da variação no produto da indústria, (ii) da inflação, e (iii) da variação no piso regional oficial. / Collective bargaining is a method of regulating the employer relationship, including the setting of nominal wages, whose study is deeply rooted in the tradition of Industrial Relations. In Brazil, collective bargaining has been carried out since 1994 under an economic context characterized by low inflation and no legal guarantee for wage adjustments. A stabilization plan called Plano Real after the new currency suppressed the formal machinery of wage indexation, with the exception of minimum wages, as well as brought about a period of lower inflation. The revocation of the wage indexation laws caused nominal wages increase to depend either on collective agreements or on employers´ unilateral decisions. This essay aims at analysing wage determination under collective bargaining in Brazil by taking account of the context of low inflation and no legal indexation of wages. The outcomes of wage bargaining related to 16 units in manufacturing in the state of Rio Grande do Sul between 1996 and 2011 provide the set for the empirical study. A regression analysis suggests that the bargaining of nominal wages adjustments has been affected by (i) the rate of unemployment, (ii) the level of employment in manufacturing, (iii) change in the manufacturing product, (iv) the ratio of labour costs to total costs of production, (v) change in the official minimum wage, and (vi) the presence of the Workers Party in office beginning in 2003. As for negotiated minimum wages, outcomes has been influenced by (i) change in the manufacturing product, (ii) the rate of inflation, and (iii) change in the official minimum wage.

Na tradição da teoria de relações de trabalho, os salários monetários são determinados em um sistema de relações de trabalho. Um dos modos de regulação do sistema de relações de trabalho é a negociação coletiva. O Plano Real inaugurou um novo paradigma para as negociações salariais no país quando acabou com os reajustes automáticos após 30 anos de indexação de preços e salários, o que significou uma nova dinâmica dos salários nominais, que passaram a depender, principalmente, dos resultados de negociações coletivas e de decisões unilaterais dos empregadores. O presente trabalho buscou analisar os salários monetários determinados por negociação coletiva em um cenário de baixa inflação e desindexação salarial. Foram analisados os determinantes dos resultados das negociações salariais em 16 unidades selecionadas da indústria do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1996 e 2011. Os resultados da análise de regressão indicaram que, entre 1996 e 2011, os resultados dos reajustes salariais negociados foram influenciados (i) pela taxa de desemprego, (ii) pelo nível de emprego, (iii) pela variação no produto da indústria, (iv) pela razão entre os custos do trabalho e os custos totais de produção, (v) pela variação no salário mínimo oficial, e (vi) pela presença do Partido dos Trabalhadores no governo federal. Quanto aos resultados para os pisos salariais negociados, estes dependeram (i) da variação no produto da indústria, (ii) da inflação, e (iii) da variação no piso regional oficial. / Collective bargaining is a method of regulating the employer relationship, including the setting of nominal wages, whose study is deeply rooted in the tradition of Industrial Relations. In Brazil, collective bargaining has been carried out since 1994 under an economic context characterized by low inflation and no legal guarantee for wage adjustments. A stabilization plan called Plano Real after the new currency suppressed the formal machinery of wage indexation, with the exception of minimum wages, as well as brought about a period of lower inflation. The revocation of the wage indexation laws caused nominal wages increase to depend either on collective agreements or on employers´ unilateral decisions. This essay aims at analysing wage determination under collective bargaining in Brazil by taking account of the context of low inflation and no legal indexation of wages. The outcomes of wage bargaining related to 16 units in manufacturing in the state of Rio Grande do Sul between 1996 and 2011 provide the set for the empirical study. A regression analysis suggests that the bargaining of nominal wages adjustments has been affected by (i) the rate of unemployment, (ii) the level of employment in manufacturing, (iii) change in the manufacturing product, (iv) the ratio of labour costs to total costs of production, (v) change in the official minimum wage, and (vi) the presence of the Workers Party in office beginning in 2003. As for negotiated minimum wages, outcomes has been influenced by (i) change in the manufacturing product, (ii) the rate of inflation, and (iii) change in the official minimum wage.

Diante do fato de muitos doutrinadores brasileiros apontarem como saída ao Direito do Trabalho o incremento das negociações coletivas, a dissertação traz como problema principal a verificação das perspectivas atuais das mesmas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Enfoca, também, as repercussões dos postulados pós-modernos sobre a antiga contratação coletiva de trabalho e projeta, inclusive, algumas inovações em matéria ambiental. A fim de responder ao problema principal, a pesquisa apóia-se em 1) atividade de campo, através de realização de entrevistas com dirigentes sindicais; 2) análise dos instrumentos coletivos firmados pelos sindicatos; e 3) o cotejo entre as entrevistas colhidas e os instrumentos firmados. Para a análise dos dados obtidos, utiliza-se a teoria sistêmica de Niklas Luhmann. Por fim, conclui-se, em linhas gerais, que não há repercussões dos postulados pós-modernos sobre as cláusulas dos instrumentos analisados, já que, unanimemente, dão superioridade à repetições de textos de lei ao invés de opções inovadoras. / Considering the fact that many brazilians writers say that the labour law should increase itself through the collective bargaining, the study has as its main problem the verification of the current prospects of the bargaining in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Also focuses the impact of the ideas of the post modernity in the labour law, beyond some innovations in environmental matters. To reach the main problem, the search is based on 1) interviews with union leaders, 2) analysis of collective instruments signed by unions and, finally, 3) the comparison between interviews and the instruments signed. For the analysis of data obtained, we used the systemic theory of Niklas Luhmann. Finally, it shows that there are no effects of post-modern in the collective bargaining, but repetition of the law instead of innovative options.

O desemprego crescente é diagnosticado como um dos maiores males da globalização econômica durante o último quarto do século XX até os dias atuais, servindo de impulso para o surgimento do ideário da flexibilização na Europa como proposta de repensamento dos instrumentos jurídicos em matéria de trabalho. Acolhido na legislação brasileira, tal postulado deitou raízes na Constituição da República de 1988 em temas caros ao Direito do Trabalho como salário e jornada de trabalho, privilegiando a negociação coletiva e originando novas modalidades de contratos e, principalmente, de planejamento da distribuição das horas de labor em prol do incremento do setor empresarial, levado a reboque na espiral do acelerado mercado global. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste na análise desta influência, com foco centralizado no tema do gerenciamento e remuneração do período de trabalho subordinado e suas diversas formas. Na medida em que, após cerca de três décadas de aclimatação, os imperativos flexibilizatórios são seguidamente acusados de ter traído o investimento social realizado e de provocar a precarização geral das relações trabalhistas, importa investigar a razão pela qual alguns institutos criados sob seu jugo, entre eles o banco de horas, sofrem cada vez mais rejeição das centrais sindicais e das entidades profissionais, que pressionam de forma contínua pela adoção de medidas menos conservadoras, especialmente na administração do tempo de efetivo trabalho. Neste diapasão, buscam-se inovações em tese mais benéficas ao empregado, dentre as quais a redução do limite semanal do trabalho, sem diminuição do padrão salarial mensal, é a mais ambiciosa e polêmica proposta na persistente meta de criação e manutenção de postos de emprego. / The increasing unemployment is diagnosed as one of the major evils of economic globalization during the last quarter of the 20th Century and up to the present days, serving as a driving force for the outbreak of the ideas of flexibilization in Europe as an invitation to reconsider the legal instruments in terms of jobs. Admitted by the Brazilian legislation, such postulate took roots in the 1988 Constitution of the Republic in matters relevant for the Labor Law, as salary and working time, favoring the collective bargaining and originating new contract modalities and, mainly, the planning the distribution of labor hours for the benefit of the increment of the business sector, taken in the wake of the accelerated global market. The objective of the present study consists of the analysis of such influence, with centralized focus on the theme of management and remuneration of the subordinated working period and its different forms in Brazil. To the extent that, after three decades of acclimatization, the flexibility imperatives are repeatedly accused of having betrayed the social investment carried out and of provoking the general instability of labor relations, it is worth to investigate the reason why some institutes created under its subordination, among which the bank of hours, have been increasingly suffering rejection by the Unions and professional entities, which have continuously been putting pressure on the adoption of less conservative measures, in special, on the administration of the effective working hours. In this sense, innovations theoretically more beneficial to employees are pursued, among which the reduction of the weekly working time, without reducing the monthly salary standards, is the most ambitious and controversial proposal towards persistently targeting to create and maintain job posts.

A ideia de que as demonstrações financeiras devem ser úteis para seus usuários tomarem decisões econômicas tem longa tradição na literatura contábil. No entanto, a associação entre contabilidade e tomada de decisões tem sido mais presumida do que observada. Além disso, há uma tendência de redução do escopo destas demonstrações aos interesses de investidores e credores, ignorando as necessidades de outros usuários. Dentre estes outros usuários estão os trabalhadores, que por dependerem das organizações para garantir sua subsistência possivelmente se interessem em informações sobre elas. Para investigar se as demonstrações financeiras são úteis aos trabalhadores, este trabalho analisa o caso do movimento sindical dos bancários brasileiros. O histórico de organização do movimento, a grande disponibilidade de informações contábeis sobre os bancos brasileiros e as negociações centralizadas entre empregados e empregadores contribuem para esta análise. A revisão de literatura discute brevemente a regulação contábil, cujo papel social não é visto como neutro, provavelmente não considerando os interesses dos trabalhadores; as negociação coletivas, descritas como um conjunto de subprocessos por vezes contraditórios; e os papéis e usos da contabilidade nas relações de trabalho, bem como as políticas de divulgação de informações adotadas pelas empresas em relação aos sindicatos. Técnicas de análise de conteúdo foram usadas para estudar dados coletados na Folha Bancária, jornal publicado pelo Sindicato dos Bancários e Financiários de São Paulo, Osasco e Região, compreendendo todo o ano de 2012. Os achados foram corroborados por meio de outros documentos e de entrevista. Informações sobre lucro líquido, composição da força de trabalho, remuneração de administradores, operações de crédito e provisões para créditos de liquidação duvidosa foram identificadas como as mais utilizadas pelos sindicalistas. Despesas de pessoal, composição da força de trabalho e participação dos trabalhadores nos lucros das empresas são temas para os quais as demonstrações financeiras não apresentam informações suficientes aos sindicalistas. Constatou-se que os sindicalistas utilizam as demonstrações financeiras essencialmente de um modo estratégico, selecionando informações que sirvam aos interesses do movimento sindical. E estas informações exercem um papel predominantemente de munição ou racionalização, servindo para promover as posições do sindicato ou para justificar e legitimar suas ações. Porém, tais informações parecem ter pouca influência sobre as decisões do movimento sindical, mostrando que restringir a análise da contabilidade ao âmbito da tomada de decisões econômicas pode limitar a compreensão sobre a disciplina. Por fim, a política de divulgação de informações dos bancos ao movimento sindical parece limitada ao cumprimento de obrigações legais, e os sindicatos não aparentam ter entre suas prioridades o acesso a informações contábeis. Isto pode sugerir que os sindicalistas vejam as informações contábeis mais como um problema a lidar do que como uma oportunidade a explorar, ou talvez que a profissão contábil careça de credibilidade perante eles. / The idea that financial statements must be useful for their users to take economic decisions has a long tradition in the accounting literature. However, the association between accounting and decision making has been more presumed than observed. Furthermore, there is a tendency of reducing the scope of these statements to the interests of investors and creditors, ignoring the necessities of other users. Among these other users are workers, whom by depending on organisations to grant their subsistence will possibly be interested in information about them. To investigate whether financial statements are useful to workers, this work analyses the case of the trade union movement of the Brazilian bank workers. The movement\'s organisation history, the huge availability of accounting information from Brazilian banks and the centralised negotiations between employees and employers contribute to this analysis. The literature review briefly discusses accounting regulation, whose social role is not seen as neutral, probably not considering workers\' interests; the collective bargaining, described as a set of sometimes contradictory sub-processes; and the roles and uses of accounting in industrial relations, as well as the disclosure policies adopted by enterprises in relation to trade unions. Techniques of content analysis were used to study data collected from Folha Bancária, a newspaper published by the Bank Workers Union of São Paulo, Osasco and Region, comprehending the whole year of 2012. The findings were corroborated by means of other documents and an interview. Information about net income, work force composition, management remuneration, bank loans, and allowance for bad debts were identified as the most used by trade union officials. Personnel expenses, work force composition, and profit share schemes are themes to which financial statements do not provide sufficient information to trade union officials. It was found that trade union officials use financial statements essentially in a strategic way, selecting pieces of information which serve to the interests of the trade union movement. And these pieces of information play a role predominantly of ammunition or rationalisation, serving to promote union\'s positions or to justify and legitimise its actions. Nevertheless, such information seems to have little influence over the decisions of the trade union movement, showing that restricting the analysis of accounting to the scope of economic decision making may limit the comprehension about the discipline. Lastly, the information disclosure policy of banks to the trade union movement seems to be limited to the fulfilment of legal duties, and unions do not appear to have among their priorities the access to accounting information. This may suggest that trade union officials see accounting information more as a problem to be dealt with than as an opportunity to explore, or perhaps that the accounting profession lacks credibility before them.

In the first chapter,a harmonised linked employer-employee dataset is used to study the impact of firm-level agreements on the wage structure in the manufacturing sector in Belgium, Denmark and Spain. To our knowledge, this is one of the first cross-country studies that examines the impact of firm-level bargaining on the wage structure in European countries. We find that firm-level agreements have a positive effect both on wage levels and on wage dispersion in Belgium and Denmark. In Spain, firm also increase wage levels but reduce wage dispersion. Our interpretation is that in Belgium and Denmark, where firm-level bargaining greatly expanded since the 1980s on the initiative of the employers and the governments, firm-level bargaining is mainly used to adapt pay to the specific needs of the firm. In Spain, the structure of collective bargaining has not changed very much since the Franco period where firm agreements were used as a tool for worker mobilisation and for political struggle. Therefore, firm-level bargaining in Spain is still mainly used by trade unions in order to reduce the wage dispersion. <p>In the second chapter, we analyse the impact of the bargaining level and of the degree of centralisation of wage bargaining on rent-sharing in Belgium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that considers simultaneously both dimensions of collective bargaining. This is also one of the first papers that looks at the impact of wage bargaining institutions on rent-sharing in European countries. This question is important because if wage bargaining decentralisation increases the link between wages and firm specific profits, it may prevent an efficient allocation of labour across firms, increase wage inequality, lead to smaller employment adjustments, and affect the division of surplus between capital and labour (Bryson et al. 2006). Controlling for the endogeneity of profits, for heterogeneity among workers and firms and for differences in characteristics between bargaining regimes, we find that wages depend substantially more on firm specific profits in decentralised than in centralised industries ,irrespective of the presence of a formal firm collective agreement. In addition, the impact of the presence of a formal firm collective agreement on the wage-profit elasticity depends on the degree of centralisation of the industry. In centralised industries, profits influence wages only when a firm collective agreement is present. This result is not surprising since industry agreements do not take into account firm-specific characteristics. Within decentralised industries, firms share their profits with their workers even if they are not covered by a formal firm collective agreement. This is probably because, in those industries, workers only covered by an industry agreement (i.e. not covered by a formal firm agreement) receive wage supplements that are paid unilaterally by their employer. The fact that those workers also benefit from rent-sharing implies that pay-setting does not need to be collective to generate rent-sharing, which is in line with the Anglo-American literature that shows that rent-sharing is not a particularity of the unionised sector. <p>In the first two chapters, we have shown that, in Belgium, firm-level bargaining is used by firms to adapt pay to the specific characteristics of the firm, including firm’s profits. In the third and final chapter, it is shown that firm-level bargaining also allows wages to adapt to the local environment that the company may face. This aspect is of particular importance in the debate about a potential regionalisation of wage bargaining in Belgium. This debate is, however, not specific to Belgium. Indeed, the potential failure of national industry agreements to take into account the productivity levels of the least productive regions has been considered as one of the causes of regional unemployment in European countries (Davies and Hallet, 2001; OECD, 2006). Two kinds of solutions are generally proposed to solve this problem. The first, encouraged by the European Commission and the OECD, consists in decentralising wage bargaining toward the firm level (Davies and Hallet, 2001; OECD, 2006). The second solution, the regionalisation of wage bargaining, is frequently mentioned in Belgium or in Italy where regional unemployment differentials are high. In this chapter we show that, in Belgium, regional wage differentials and regional productivity differentials within joint committees are positively correlated. Moreover, this relation is stronger (i) for joint committees where firm-level bargaining is relatively frequent and (ii) for joint committees already sub-divided along a local line. We conclude that the present Belgian wage bargaining system which combines interprofessional, industry and firm bargaining, already includes the mechanisms that allow regional productivity to be taken into account in wage formation. It is therefore not necessary to further regionalise wage bargaining in Belgium. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis examines elements of continuity and change in systems of pay determination in UK local government, with a specific focus on the period of austerity since 2010. Spending cuts present significant challenges for collective bargaining through the National Joint Council (NJC), which also serves as a ‘critical case’ to test our understanding of contemporary collective bargaining and industrial relations. The research draws on 56 interviews with a total of 62 key actors from the employers’ representative organisations and trade unions at both national and local level, and eight local authority case studies. The interview data are complemented by a range of secondary qualitative and quantitative data sources. It seeks to understand the changing power relationships between employers and unions as they attempt to navigate increasingly turbulent waters, and the pragmatic trade-offs both sides are willing make over pay, terms and conditions, and working practices in pursuit of longer-term strategic goals. These issues are addressed through three levels of analysis. Firstly, building on a rich tradition of industrial relations research, the thesis shows how the national employers have repositioned the sector level collective agreement as a means to deliver cost control rather than ‘fair wages’, which the unions have so far tolerated in preference to a complete dissolution of national bargaining. Second, drawing on contingency models of pay and HRM, case study data are used to explore the mixture of managerialism and political opportunism which characterises the development and implementation of pay and reward strategies at the level of the organisation. The findings identify the continued importance of transparent job evaluation processes in determining wage structures, but also show how pay practices act as a means to signal desired behaviours from employees, and are used to reinforce local level political narratives. Finally, through a critical re-appraisal of New Public Management (NPM) reforms in local government since the 1980s, further case study data reveal the way in which employers have reorganised staffing structures to match reduced budgets, but it appears that increased levels of work intensity for a significantly depleted workforce are beginning to impact on service standards. The findings also suggest that the on-going process of restructuring serves as a means to increase managerial control of ‘the labour process’ through the efforts to standardise working practices and break down embedded departmental and professional identities. Taken together, the evidence suggests that although the formal institutions of employment relations have proved to be remarkably resilient, collective bargaining as a dynamic mode of joint regulation built on the notion of partnership has steadily been crowded out from both above and below. The meaningful content of negotiations has been squeezed by the tight financial constraints applied by central government, and in the vacuum created by stalled sector level negotiations local level pay and HRM strategies are becoming increasingly important to explain the level and distribution of wages. Perhaps as important as negotiations over pay are negotiations over working practices which fall outside the formal regulatory scope of the collective agreement, and change expectations about working time, task discretion, and job boundaries. A degree of drift across these three dimensions has resulted in an increasingly fluid adjustment of the wage-effort bargain over which the unions have a declining sphere of influence.

Réalisée dans le cadre d’un contrat CIFRE, cette thèse étudie la construction, l’appropriation et les effets de la politique d’égalité professionnelle entre les femmes et les hommes chez Orange. Mobilisant la perspective appropriative des dispositifs de gestion enrichie par le concept de logiques institutionnelles, ce travail repose sur un matériau riche et varié : entretiens, données RH, séquences d’observation, documents internes, notamment. Nous montrons que la coexistence de plusieurs conceptions de l’égalité professionnelle au sein de l’entreprise structure fortement l’application de la politique au niveau local, mais également sa construction, qu’il s’agisse de l’accord d’entreprise ou de la politique non négociée. L’analyse conjointe de l’application de la politique et de ses effets, permise par la combinaison de matériaux et de méthodes qualitatifs et quantitatifs, nous donne de plus l’opportunité de comprendre les effets quantifiables (ou l’absence d’effets quantifiables) d’une mesure à l’aune de la manière dont elle est appliquée au niveau local. Nous mettons enfin en exergue les spécificités de la négociation sur l’égalité professionnelle par rapport à d’autres négociations, dues notamment à la transversalité de l’égalité professionnelle à de nombreux processus RH ; et nous soulignons l’importance de la coexistence et de l’articulation de l’accord d’entreprise et de la politique non négociée sur l’égalité professionnelle. / This thesis, written while working under a CIFRE contract, studies the construction, the implementation and the effects of the gender equality policy at Orange. Using the appropriative perspective of management tools enriched by the concept of institutional logics, this work is based on various data, in particular: interviews, HR data, observations, internal documents. We show that the coexistence of various conceptions of gender equality within the company strongly affects the implementation of the gender equality policy within the entities, but also its construction, for both the collective bargaining agreement and the non-negotiated policy. The joint analysis of the implementation and of the effects of the policy, made possible by a mixed-method design, allows us to understand the quantifiable effects (or the absence of quantifiable effects) of a measure according to the way it is implemented within the entities. We underline the specificities of the collective bargaining about gender equality, notably due to the fact that gender equality cuts across various HR processes. Finally, we show the importance of the coexistence and articulation of the collective bargaining agreement and non-negotiated gender equality policy.