This doctoral thesis examines how modernisation affects and is affected by existing local culture and identity. It is about the relation between the social and mental barriers experienced, expressed and manifested in the social culture of local community, and modernisation’s dynamic powers over time. The thesis deals with different time periods from the 1800’s until today with regard to expressions and consequences of modernity. People during the societal transformation of Sweden in the 19th and 20th centuries are culturally depicted from a micro-perspective. An overall perspective for the analysis of modernity uses the concepts of basal and variable modernity, borrowed from the historian of ideas Sven-Eric Liedman. The perspective makes possible the separation between on the one hand the structural modernisation within the fields of economy, technology and natural sciences, and on the other hand the cultural modernity manifested in conceptions of the world, politics, existential viewpoints, aesthetic expressions and social culture. Within the first-mentioned fields, where basal modernity dominates, a uniform and cumulative developmental pattern emerges as well as an almost self-propelled continuity toward the next innovation or stage of development. Within the latter fields, however, a non-uniform pattern emerges, where modernisation is constantly the object of alternative interpretations and attitudes. This variable modernity is characterised by a cultural struggle between conflicting ideologies and strategies in relation to ongoing modernisation. Different individuals and groups position themselves between acceptance and resistance, progressiveness and the critique of civilisation, the preservation of traditions and the will to change. In this course of events new affinities and identifications, but also new dissociations and antagonisms are created in local social contexts. Modernity leads both to the obliteration of boundaries and to the emergence of new social and mental boundaries. This process can also lead to existing geographical borders being charged with a new ideological content so their importance is revitalised.

Submitted by Gerson Alves De Oliveira (gersoemail@gmail.com) on 2018-08-09T18:08:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VERSÃO FINAL PARA IMPRESSÃO - TESE.pdf: 9518294 bytes, checksum: ae291460a2501af6590d80e32d6ac38a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-08-10T14:33:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ga_dr_mar.pdf: 9518294 bytes, checksum: ae291460a2501af6590d80e32d6ac38a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T14:33:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_ga_dr_mar.pdf: 9518294 bytes, checksum: ae291460a2501af6590d80e32d6ac38a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-02 / Não recebi financiamento / Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar o processo de reconhecimento de uma identidade étnica quilombola na Comunidade de Remanescentes Quilombolas de Cocalim, no norte do estado do Tocantins. Deseja-se compreender o processo de incorporação de uma identidade e as respostas dos moradores frente ao projeto étnico institucional, mobilizadas a partir de uma organização social específica, cuja origem remete a um campesinato negro. A hipótese consiste em relacionar a forma como o grupo interpretou o quilombo histórico com sua organização social, marcada pela mobilização e pelo deslocamento, enquanto categorias sociais que fundamentam uma coletividade. Isto é, pretende-se investigar como as respostas, tanto dos agentes quanto do grupo, podem revelar uma memória fundamentada na trajetória de um grupo social histórica e politicamente marginalizado. Nesse sentido, a identidade será vista como parte de um sentimento de pertencimento, cuja lógica encontra no território um lugar que dá sentido à vida, um espaço onde é construída uma visão de mundo, manifestada nas respostas do grupo. A ideia é pensar o processo de incorporação da identidade quilombola, vinculada à luta por direitos, bem como pela tentativa de reafirmação de um sentimento de coesão, manifesto num conjunto de ações reveladoras de uma organização social coletiva. / This thesis aims to analyze the process of recognition of a quilombola ethnic identity in the Quilombola Remaining Community of Cocalim, in the northern state of Tocantins. We want to understand the process of incorporating an identity and the residents’ responses to the ethnic institutional project, mobilized from a specific social organization whose origin refers to a black peasantry. The hypothesis is to relate the way the group interpreted the historical quilombo with its social organization, marked by mobilization and displacement, as social categories that ground a collectivity. That is, we intend to investigate how the responses of both agents and group can reveal a memory based on the trajectory of a historically and politically marginalized social group. In this sense, identity will be seen as part of a sense of belonging, whose logic finds in the territory a place that gives meaning to life, a space where a world view is built, manifested in the group’s responses. The idea is to think about the process of incorporating the quilombola identity, linked to the struggle for rights, as well as for the attempt to reaffirm a sense of cohesion, manifested in a set of actions that reveal a collective social organization.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 123425.pdf: 3322181 bytes, checksum: 1650c4c2739832c1b7b0405598cc65b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / It is a case study on the management of the Metropolitan Region of Florianopolis - RMF, in the period from 1998 to 2007, which aims, through analysis of the trajectory of it, highlight the importance of public policies for urban planning as a management tool and propelling the development of cities, as well as what makes it difficult to manage metropolitan issues. The objective was to investigate the actions developed in the MRF during that period, trying to find out the reason of the paralization of its activities, and also verify if, in fact, there was a transformative impact of reality for the audience, having fulfilled the intentions of the plans, composing audience as not only the citizen/ user directly affected by the actions, but the entire community. This study was motivated both by the relevance of governmental institutions and public administration as a whole in the provision of public services, and the need for resolution of current social conflicts and improving the quality of life in modern cities. The survey was conducted with a qualitative, inductive approach of constructive design, and essentially exploratory and descriptive nature. Made a first literature on the subject, with a view to establishing initial theoretical debate, the analytical inventory of the documentation contained in the RMF collection, focused on technical analysis of categorical content type was performed for a deep analytical scope of the case, subsequent interpretation of the results and the consequent attainment of the objectives initially envisaged, namely, evaluating the work done by RMF and its impacts, to reflect on the management of the metropolis. / Este estudo trata da Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis - RMF, no período de 1998 a 2007, e pretende, por meio de análise da trajetória da mesma, destacar a importância das políticas públicas como ferramentas de gestão e propulsoras de desenvolvimento das cidades, bem como investigar o que dificulta a gestão metropolitana. Objetivou-se conhecer as ações desenvolvidas na RMF naquele período, procurando compreender as razões da descontinuidade de suas atividades após 2007. E, ainda, verificar se foi gerado algum impacto transformador na realidade do público-alvo, tendo satisfeitas as intencionalidades dos planos, compondo tal público-alvo não só o cidadão/usuário atingido diretamente pelas ações, mas toda a coletividade. A realização deste estudo foi motivada tanto pela relevância das instituições governamentais e da administração pública na prestação dos serviços públicos, quanto pela necessidade de resolução dos conflitos sociais atuais e da melhoria da qualidade de vida das populações residentes nas cidades modernas. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma abordagem qualitativa, indutiva, de concepção construtiva, e cunho essencialmente exploratório e descritivo. Feito um primeiro levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema, com vistas ao estabelecimento de debate teórico inicial, foi realizado o inventário analítico do Fundo Documental da RMF, centrado na técnica de análise de conteúdo do tipo temática, para um profundo alcance analítico do caso, interpretação dos resultados obtidos e a consequente obtenção dos objetivos inicialmente preconizados, qual seja, avaliar o trabalho realizado pela RMF e seus impactos, para refletir sobre o gerenciamento da metrópole.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-08-12T20:50:55Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Don Gomes Alves - 2016 - Parte 1.pdf: 19865406 bytes, checksum: a4c84fd69265ce5cf489205f1f898847 (MD5) Dissertação - Don Gomes Alves - 2016 - Parte 2.pdf: 2744141 bytes, checksum: 13e48b4ac9a9ad38c6e97e3b04158555 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-15T13:43:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Don Gomes Alves - 2016 - Parte 1.pdf: 19865406 bytes, checksum: a4c84fd69265ce5cf489205f1f898847 (MD5) Dissertação - Don Gomes Alves - 2016 - Parte 2.pdf: 2744141 bytes, checksum: 13e48b4ac9a9ad38c6e97e3b04158555 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T13:43:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Don Gomes Alves - 2016 - Parte 1.pdf: 19865406 bytes, checksum: a4c84fd69265ce5cf489205f1f898847 (MD5) Dissertação - Don Gomes Alves - 2016 - Parte 2.pdf: 2744141 bytes, checksum: 13e48b4ac9a9ad38c6e97e3b04158555 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The project "Symbiosis" aims to bring reflections on human beings and their relationship with the means they inhabit, whether for the environment, their habitat and/or other beings of our specie. In developing this search an experience was made in the Recycling Cooperative Healthy Environment (COOPERMAS), with activities and reflections that brought to light the prejudices surrounding that space, culminating in the use of art making how a relational tool among members and neighborhood working collective characteristics in a collaborative proposalIt was being built step by step. Human habits are put to debate this process and raise the power that cultural activities have to intervene in hostile environments, human working towards a connection between beings that circumscribe the cloth of Gaia. / O projeto artístico “Simbiose” se propõe a trazer reflexões sobre os seres humanos e sua relação com o meio em que vive, sejam com o meio ambiente, seu habitat e/ou os demais entes de nossa espécie. No desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foi realizada uma vivência dentro da Cooperativa de Reciclagem Meio Ambiente Saudável (COOPERMAS), com atividades e reflexões que trouxeram à tona os preconceitos que envolvem aquele espaço, culminando no uso do fazer artístico como ferramenta relacional entre cooperados e vizinhança, trabalhando características coletivas em uma proposta colaborativa que foi sendo construída passo a passo. Os hábitos humanos são colocados em discussão neste processo e suscitam o poder que ações culturais têm ao intervir em ambientes hostis, trabalhando o humano em prol de uma conexão entre os seres que circunscrevem o tecido de Gaia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T23:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 Liana Paula Perez de Oliveira1.pdf: 1876476 bytes, checksum: 8e00069cf846855e1207d1b9f093a798 (MD5) Liana Paula Perez de Oliveira2.pdf: 2649161 bytes, checksum: 1fca8c73d1b565c4a3b9ce50e7a01386 (MD5) Liana Paula Perez de Oliveira3.pdf: 1703445 bytes, checksum: 91c14221040c8979cf9ec8c6c9f1f6d5 (MD5) Liana Paula Perez de Oliveira4.pdf: 1169606 bytes, checksum: 36924341729e8759a635c1ac8b8cee63 (MD5) Liana Paula Perez de Oliveira5.pdf: 1840905 bytes, checksum: 792a7c377b4c252d6cbe270cc5a073fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-27 / A presente dissertação se intitula A Capacidade de Dizer Não Lina Bo Bardi e a Fábrica da Pompéia . A arquitetura de Lina Bo Bardi se desenvolve por meio de um ideário assimilado em sua trajetória de vida, pelo qual ela propõe soluções para o espaço e a coletividade. Diante de um mundo injusto, a arquiteta desenvolve uma escola de fazer pensar: propõe um mundo onde tudo é possível, através da Capacidade de Dizer Não, nas palavras do dramaturgo Bertold Brecht. No Sesc Pompéia, vislumbramos materializadas determinadas questões sugeridas por Lina: um espaço onde a história é vivenciada no dia a dia seja na antiga estrutura da Fábrica de Tambores construída pelos irmãos Mauser; seja pela coleção de bonecos de todo o país, de diferentes tempos, numa exposição de brinquedos para crianças. Através de pequenos gestos, a dignidade e respeito do povo são evidenciados. Elementos do universo de todo um coletivo fazem parte da obra do Centro de Lazer da Pompéia. A resolução de acompanhar a obra num escritório dentro do canteiro de obras leva a soluções distintas, carregadas de identidade. Lina Bo Bardi chega a compreensão da arquitetura como um ato coletivo, vivenciado dia a dia.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-04T11:18:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinamaramoreira.pdf: 1552716 bytes, checksum: a6173b63fbf343981968ebb5838801e0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-07T15:30:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinamaramoreira.pdf: 1552716 bytes, checksum: a6173b63fbf343981968ebb5838801e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T15:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinamaramoreira.pdf: 1552716 bytes, checksum: a6173b63fbf343981968ebb5838801e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / A presente dissertação é desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso estudado discute a gestão democrática e participativa em uma escola da Zona da Mata Mineira. Para tanto, será necessário analisar o contexto, as ações e os canais de participação da comunidade escolar. O caráter participativo de uma gestão é muito importante, pois possibilita a consolidação da gestão democrática, a autonomia institucional e torna os indivíduos coautores e corresponsáveis da prática cotidiana da gestão escolar. Nesse sentido, o problema da pesquisa está na pouca participação dos sujeitos que compõem os segmentos escolares. Assim, a pergunta norteadora desse estudo de caso é: “quais os obstáculos para mobilizar a comunidade escolar para a efetivação de uma gestão democrática e participativa?”. Assumimos como hipóteses que os canais de participação abertos pela escola ainda não são suficientes para promover uma participação mais significativa dos membros da comunidade escolar, e ainda que o comodismo dos sujeitos, o medo de assumir compromissos, a própria localização da escola e o fato de ser única na sede municipal podem ser fatores impeditivos da participação. A partir dos conceitos da Gestão Democrática e Participativa, pretende-se analisar o funcionamento dos órgãos colegiados e sua contribuição para a ampliação da autonomia institucional e propor ações que permitam uma trajetória de participação de todos os atores nas ações cotidianas da escola. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa apresenta como objetivo geral: pesquisar quais os obstáculos para mobilizar a comunidade da Escola Caminho Suave para a efetivação de uma gestão democrática e participativa, e analisar as ações dos sujeitos dos diversos segmentos da comunidade escolar. Como objetivos específicos foram definidos: i) descrever o caso de gestão, que está ligado à questão da baixa participação da comunidade escolar; ii) analisar os problemas do caso de gestão, mais especificamente os motivos que levam os sujeitos a uma postura de resistência à participação; iii) propor ações sócio-político-pedagógicas que promovam a participação consciente de todos os segmentos da comunidade escolar e, consequentemente, a ampliação da autonomia institucional. Utilizaremos, como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa, e como instrumentos de pesquisa de campo, a análise documental, entrevistas e questionários. A partir da leitura de vários autores, dentre eles, Lück (2000, 2002, 2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2009a, 2009b), Paro (1986, 2001), Gadotti (1980,1993,1997), Dourado (2003), Hora (1994), Libâneo (2004), Demo (1999) e Freire (1995, 1996, 2000, 2006), desenvolveu-se uma análise referente à gestão democrática e participativa, fazendo-se entender que é imprescindível que os membros da comunidade escolar sintam-se motivados a agir em prol do sucesso do processo educativo. / The present dissertation is developed under the Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The case studied discusses the democratic and participatory management in a school in the Zona da Mata Mineira. To do so, it will be necessary to analyze the context, actions and channels of participation of the school community. The participative character of a management is very important, since it allows the consolidation of democratic management, institutional autonomy and makes individuals co-authors and co-responsible of the daily practice of school management. In this sense, the research problem is in the low participation of the subjects that make up the school segments. Thus, the guiding question of this case study is: "what are the obstacles to mobilizing the school community in order to achieve a democratic and participatory management?" We hypothesize that the channels of participation opened by the school are not enough to promote a more meaningful participation of the members of the school community, and yet the subjects' self-indulgence, the fear of compromising, the school's own location and the fact Be unique in the municipal seat can be impeding factors of participation. Based on the concepts of Democratic and Participatory Management, it is intended to analyze the functioning of collegiate bodies and their contribution to the expansion of institutional autonomy and propose actions that allow a trajectory of participation of all actors in the daily actions of the school. Thus, the present research presents as general objective: to investigate the obstacles to mobilize the community of the Smooth Way School for the accomplishment of a democratic and participatory management, and to analyze the actions of the subjects of the various segments of the school community. As specific objectives were defined: i) describe the management case, which is linked to the low participation of the school community; ii) analyze the problems of the management case, more specifically the reasons that lead the subjects to a position of resistance to participation; iii) propose socio-political-pedagogical actions that promote the conscious participation of all segments of the school community and, consequently, the expansion of institutional autonomy. We will use, as methodology, qualitative research, and as instruments of field research, documentary analysis, interviews and questionnaires. From the reading of several authors, among them Lück (2000, 2002, 2006, 2008a, 2008b, 2009a, 2009b), Paro (1986, 2001), Gadotti (1980,1993,1997), Dourado (1994), Libano (2004), Demo (1999) and Freire (1995, 1996, 2000, 2006), an analysis was developed regarding democratic and participatory management, making it understood that it is imperative that members of the school community feel motivated to act for the success of the educational process.

Cette étude porte sur l’étude du régime politique en Mauritanie, surtout au niveau de l’influence prépondérante du droit français sur ce régime. Une influence forte à la fois sur l’Administration centrale de l’Etat, sur l’Administration décentralisée au niveau local, mais aussi sur l’ensemble des institutions politiques.La première Constitution mauritanienne du 22 mars 1959, s’inspire directement de la Constitution de la cinquième République française, du 4 octobre 1958. En plus, de la mise en place d’un régime démocratique « à la française », d’un « Etat de droit » avec une séparation des pouvoirs. Cependant, cette influence du droit français sur le régime politique mauritanien,reste parfois limitée pour des raisons, à la fois d’ordre politique, culturel, économique, religieux, et social. Plusieurs difficultés relatives à l’adaptation du droit français sur le régime,et la prise en considérations des spécificités de la société mauritanienne, ont été soulevées dans le cadre de cette étude. En effet aucun « Etat de droit » ne peut être constitué sans le respect inconditionnel de l’ensemble des droits de l’Homme, sans l’application du principe d’égalité, de l’indépendance de la justice et la transparence en matière des services publics.Le régime politique mauritanien et même s’il est très influencé par les valeurs et principes fondateurs du droit français, reste un ensemble des règles d’origine islamique et de la « Chariaa », comme la plupart des pays arabes et musulmans. / This study is about the political regime in Mauritania, especially with regards to the preponderant influence of French law on this regime – a strong influence on the state’s central administration and on decentralized local administration, as well as on the whole of the political institutions.The first Mauritanian constitution of March 22, 1959 was directly inspired by the Constitution of the Fifth French Republic of October 4, 1958 – and the setup of a democraticregime « à la française », a « rule of law » with a separation of powers. However, this influence of French law on the Mauritanian political regime remains limited, for political,cultural, economic, religious, and social reasons. Several difficulties related to the adaptation of French law by the regime, and consideration of specificities of Mauritanian society, have been raised in this study. Indeed, no « rule of law » can be constituted without the unconditional respect of all human rights, and without applying the principle of equality,independence of the judiciary, and transparency in matters of public services.The Mauritanian political regime, while very influenced by the values andfundamental principles of French law, remains an ensemble of rules of Islamic origin and of« Sharia law », like most Arab and Muslim countries.

Les traditions antique, biblique et médiévale de la consolation se sont jusqu’à récemment imposées par leurs définitions respectives de ce genre littéraire, l’érigeant en rhétorique qui propose la prévention de souffrances vécues et à venir, à défaut de pouvoir les guérir. Les multiples génocides et conflits du XXe siècle marquent cependant un changement décisif dans la conception même de la souffrance ainsi que des moyens d’y remédier : la consolation, traditionnellement considérée dans sa forme individuelle, revêt désormais une dimension collective en raison des ampleurs des événements de l’Histoire et de leurs effets sur des communautés entières décimées ou vouées à un douloureux exil. Près de soixante ans après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’auteur allemand W. G. Sebald se démarque par sa volonté de sonder les profondeurs du silence d’après-guerre dans son Allemagne natale pour dénoncer le trauma collectivement hérité et enduré. Si son œuvre est teintée d’une profonde mélancolie, si elle représente l’anéantissement de tout un monde et si ses protagonistes meurent sous l’effet d’un excès de mémoire, l’univers qu’ébauche l’auteur laisse néanmoins entrevoir une poétique de la consolation : les photographies en noir et blanc ainsi que les documents d’archive qui accompagnent la narration sont la trace persistante d’un monde qui n’est plus ; les ruines décrites renvoient au souvenir des majestueux édifices dont elles sont les restes ; la nature s’offre comme cadre régénérateur qui résiste à la folie humaine ; le temps se révèle malléable et les êtres abritent une mémoire que l’auteur se fait le devoir d’écrire et de transmettre. La consolation se profile autant dans la forme de l’œuvre de Sebald que dans ses thèmes, repensant l’individuel dans le collectif et le passé dans le présent. Ce mémoire propose une réflexion sur la consolation chez Sebald à partir de deux de ses textes phares, Les Émigrants [Die Ausgewanderten : Vier lange Erzählungen] et Austerlitz, où l’écriture est à la fois refuge et consolation, autant pour l’auteur que pour le lecteur. / Until recent years, the ancient, biblical, and medieval traditions of consolation each offered their respective definitions of this literary genre, making it a rhetoric which aimed to prevent or reason past and future suffering, for want of a cure. The multiple genocides and conflicts of the 20th century, however, mark a decisive change in the very conception of suffering as in the means of remedying it: traditionally considered in its individual form, consolation now takes on a collective dimension because of the scale of historical disasters and their repercussions on entire communities reduced to annihilation or condemned to painful exile. Almost sixty years after World War II, German author W. G. Sebald stands out for his willingness to plumb the depths of post-war silence in his native Germany and to denounce the trauma that was collectively inherited and endured. If his work is tinged with a deep melancholy, if it represents the vanishing of an entire way of life, and if his protagonists die from an excess of memory, the universe sketched out by the author nonetheless suggests a poetics of consolation: the black and white photographs and the archival documents accompanying the narration are the persistent traces of a world that is no longer; the descriptions of ruins bring to mind the memory of the majestic buildings of which they are the remains; nature offers itself as a restorative frame resisting human madness; time appears more malleable than ever and beings shelter a memory which the author makes his duty to transcribe and transmit. Consolation is found as much in the form of Sebald’s work as in its themes, rethinking the individual in the collective, and the past in the present. This dissertation aims to reflect on the poetics of consolation in Sebald’s writing, particularly in two of the author’s key works, The Emigrants [Die Ausgewanderten: Vier lange Erzählungen] and Austerlitz, where writing becomes both a refuge and a consolation, as much for the author as for the reader.

O presente estudo é uma etnografia que visa compreender como os professores de Educação Física constroem o planejamento coletivo do I ciclo da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre. Apoiei-me para tanto no seguinte problema de pesquisa: Como os professores de Educação Física atuam e são posicionados na perspectiva do planejamento coletivo do I ciclo da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre/RS? Como objetivos específicos propus identificar e analisar como é construído o planejamento de ensino na Educação Física do I ciclo de duas escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre, identificar e analisar as dinâmicas de planejamento dos professores do I ciclo de duas escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre, além de identificar e analisar limites e possibilidades de um planejamento coletivo dos professores das duas escolas desta Rede de Ensino. O trabalho de campo foi realizado durante os meses de março a dezembro de 2016, onde pude acompanhar a rotina de três professores de Educação Física do I ciclo, bem como dialogar com as supervisoras pedagógicas, professoras referência das turmas de I ciclo e demais professores deste coletivo docente, além de professores de Educação Física dos outros ciclos. Com base no referencial teórico construído e nas informações coletadas em entrevistas, diálogos e observações registradas em diário de campo, apresento a unidade temática intitulada “Tensão da Coletividade” dividida em duas categorias que tratam do que o professor de Educação Física faz na escola e da coletividade – ou a ausência dela – nas relações de construção do planejamento deste coletivo docente. As interpretações produzidas apontam para um crescente processo de individualização no planejamento de ensino e na construção das ações não só dos professores de Educação Física, como também dos demais professores do I ciclo. Alguns aspectos suscitados nas interpretações se propõem a analisar quais fatores incidem sobre o tensionamento da coletividade nos contextos estudados. Assim, pude identificar que o brincar como elemento norteador das ações desenvolvidas na Educação Física do I ciclo acaba suscitando hierarquias e disputas por legitimidades. As reuniões pedagógicas têm se transformado em espaços meramente formais e burocráticos que acabam levando a relações de colegialidade forçada e artificial, ao invés de espaços substancialmente garantidos para construções coletivas. Além disso, a intensificação do trabalho docente, a colonização do tempo do professor, a proletarização do seu ofício e a decorrente perda de status profissional são elementos que obstaculizam o processo de construção de ações pedagógicas, inclusive do ponto de vista da coletividade. / The current study is an ethnography which aims to understand how physical education teachers build the collective planning of the I Cycle of the Porto Alegre Municipal School Network. To do so, I leaned on the following research problem: How physical education teachers act and are positioned in the perspective of collective planning in the I Cycle of the Porto Alegre/RS Municipal School Network? As specific objectives, I proposed to identify and analyze how the teaching planning of Physical Education in the I cycle of two schools from the Porto Alegre Municipal School Network is built, identify and analyze the planning dynamics from the teachers that belong to the I cycle of two schools from the Porto Alegre Municipal School Network, besides identifying and analyzing limits and possibilities of a collective planning from the teachers of these two schools in this School Network. The field experiment happened between the months of March to December 2016, when I could track the routine of three physical education teachers from the I cycle, as well as dialogue with the pedagogical supervisors, reference teachers from the classes of the I cycle and the other teachers of this teaching group, as well as physical education teachers from other cycles. Based on the theoretical reference built and on the information collected in interviews, dialogues and observations registered in the field diary, I present the thematic unit called “Tension of Collectivity” split between two categories that cover what the physical teacher does in the school and the collectivity - or lack thereof – in the relationships of planning building from this teaching group. The interpretations generated point to a growing process of individualization in the teaching planning and in the building of actions not only from the physical education teachers, but also from other teachers from the I cycle. Some aspects brought up in the interpretations aim to analyze which factors are key to the tension of collectivity in the given contexts. In that way, I was able to identify that playing as an element guiding activities developed in physical education from the I cycle ends up evoking hierarchies and disputes for legitimacies. The pedagogical meetings are becoming spaces merely formal and bureaucratic that end up creating forced and artificial collegiality relationships, instead of spaces substantially granted for collective constructions. Furthermore, the intensification of the teaching work, the colonization of the teacher’s time, the proletarianization of his craft and the subsequent loss of professional status are elements that hinder the process of building pedagogical actions, even from the point of view of collectivity.

Le présent manuscrit de thèse regroupe les études par spectroscopie γ des noyaux 84−88Se produits par une réaction de fission induite par neutrons thermiques, sur une cible de 235U. Cette expérience a été réalisée à l’Institut Laue-Langevin à Grenoble après du multi-détecteurs EXILL. Les données brutes recueillies par EXILL ont été traitées et analysées afin de déterminer la structure des noyaux étudiés. Grâce à cette étude spectroscopique détaillée, un premier schéma de niveaux a été établi pour la première fois au 88Se et de nouveaux états excités ont été assignées à d’autre isotopes de sélénium (84-87Se). De plus, l’analyse de la corrélations angulaires a été faite pour confirmer l’assignation de spins des premières états excités. Des calculs théoriques utilisant le modèle en couches (SM), le modèle collectif algébrique (ACM) et le modèle quasiparticule plus phonon (QPM), ont été effectués pour interpréter la structure nucléaire et la forme du noyau d’intérêt 88Se. Selon ces modèles, le noyau 88Se est γ-instable et peut être interprété comme un noyau transitoire et sa structure nucléaire du 88Se a été bien reproduite par le modèle en couches et le modèle ACM. Les calculs du modèle QPM indiquent que le degré de collectivité de l’état 22+ du 88Se est faible parce que une composante neutronique reste dominante dans la structure de la bande γ. / The present thesis manuscript includes the nuclear spectroscopy studies of 84−88Se. A more favourable fission reaction for their study is 235U(nth, f). The measurement was performed at the PF1B cold-neutron beam facility of the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble. The fission reaction has been used in conjunction with the EXILL Ge array to study excited states in the neutron-rich Se nuclei. Thanks to this spectroscopic study, a first level scheme of 88Se was established and new excited states were assigned to other selenium isotopes. Furthermore, the angular correlation studies were carried out to confirm the spin assignment of the first excited states in the 84-88Se nuclei. The theoretical calculations using the shell model (SM), the algebraic collective model (ACM) and the quasiparticle plus phonon model (QPM) were performed in order to interpret the nuclear structure and the shape of the nucleus of interest 88Se. According to these models, the nucleus 88Se is γ-unstable and can be interpreted as a transitional nucleus. The shell-model calculations using a 78Ni core and the ACM calculations reproduce the decay scheme of 88Se well. The QPM calculations show that the collectivity of second state 2+2 of 88Se is weak and that this state contains a strong quasiparticle component.