English literature on colonial era Taiwanese identity is underrepresented in contemporary scholarship. In order to shed further light on the topic I will analyze: How did the identity of the people living on Taiwan transform during the Japanese colonial period, 1895-1945? I conduct my analysis using comparative method based on the framework put forth by Abdelal, Herrera, Johnston and McDermott in their Identity as a Variable. The paper defines collective identity as a social category that varies around two dimensions, content and contestation. The content describes the meaning of a collective identity. Contestation refers to the degree of agreement of the content of the identity. The content can be divided into four non-mutually-exclusive types: constitutive norms, social purposes, relational comparisons, and cognitive models. During the Japanese period I argue that three constitutive norms changed on Taiwan. The Japanese transformed the Taiwanese into law-abiding citizens; they created a norm of sanitation and hygiene on the island; and they transformed the status of Women. The key forces in implementing change were the threat of punishment and education. In social purposes I argue that during the colonial era the Taiwanese elites developed a goal of improving the rights and opportunities for the Taiwanese people. The elites were divided between liberal and Marxist influence, and among the degree of acceptance for a political society within the Japanese Empire. During the colonial period, the relational comparison to the Japanese created the notion of Taiwanese as a collective unit. Japanese police changed the structure of Taiwanese society. The new structure broke down existing cleavages between different groups of Taiwanese. Over time the collective discrimination of Taiwanese by the Japanese, created a notion of Taiwanese as a single unit. In cognitive models I argue that the Japanese policies created a single community on Taiwan. The Japanese brought the modern state to Taiwan. The Japanese modernization policies created a single community on the island.

One of the consequences of British rule in Ceylon was the gradual disintegration of the traditional social order with its structure of authority and influence. In the traditional social system, power and prestige were derived from caste and kinship. The caste system restricted the life chances of individuals to very narrow limits, and the authority of the traditional elite, comprising of 'high caste' royal officials, was theoretically inviolable. But British rule changed all this. The administrative and economic changes introduced in the 19th century, together with English education, offered the individual new avenues for social advancement. Since English was the language of administration, proficiency in English became indispensible for government employment. The English educated 'colonial elite' of government servants (and in the course of time, professional men) acted as intermediaries between the small cadre of British officials who represented the raj in Ceylon and the masses. This new elite who owed their social position mainly to western education, came to eclipse in power and prestige the old nobility. This process of change in native leadership developed gradually but steadily in the 19th century and by the turn of this century the western educated community had emerged as an important element of Ceylonese society. This study shows their development in the period, 1910-1931, primarily, in terms of their growing involvement in public life and the increasing access to political power. In 1910 the western educated had little political influence, but they were considered sufficiently important and distinct to be given separate representation in the Legislative Council. After 1931, with universal franchise, the masses also participated in political activity. But the years in between saw the political scene dominated almost exclusively by the new elite. This period was chosen for study because it was in these two decades that the western educated elite developed into a position of undisputed leadership in the Ceylonese community.

No description available.

This thesis explores the subject of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan and assimilation between 1895 and 1945. It examines the overall nature of Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan through its colonial policies, followed by a review of the history of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan, the investigation of the Japanese colonial position on language education and assimilation, the establishment of the implementation of Japanese language education in Taiwan in areas of teaching methodologies and textbook compilation, and the determination of the effects of Japanese language education on assimilation in Taiwan. The thesis further seeks to determine the link between a Taiwanese identity and the Taiwanese who were ruled and educated under Japanese colonial rule. The views of both the elite and common Taiwanese who lived through the colonial era are examined.The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis whether Japanese colonial education in Taiwan achieved assimilation among the Taiwanese as claimed by Japanese colonial authorities. Through the official facts and figures provided by Japanese colonial authorities, they seemed to prove a successful case of assimilation among the Taiwanese. However, through close scrutiny of these official facts and figures and reality backed up by the oral accounts of the Taiwanese and conscientious observations by the Japanese, it is found that the claims made by Japanese colonial authorities in the case of assimilation through Japanese language education are highly contestable. By interviewing those who experienced Japanese language education during the colonial period, further insights into the formation of post-colonial Taiwanese identities are gained. This study contributes to studies on Taiwans subsequent socio-linguistic developments in the post-colonial period.

This volume describes the influences that shaped music in southern Ghana before 1966. It is divided into three chapters, covering the periods up to the mid-19th century, from then until the 1930s and from then until the first decade of Independence. Topics covered include music in oral societies, the influence of Kru mariners, Christian missions and urbanisation, the recording industry and the role of nationalism. / Dieser Band beschreibt die Einflüsse, die die Musik im südlichen Ghana vor 1966 formten. Er setzt sich aus drei Teilen zusammen, wobei die Zeiträume bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhundert, von dort bis zu den 1930er Jahren und schließlich bis zur Unabhängigkeit beleuchtet werden. Die bearbeiteten Themen beinhalten Musik in oralen Gesellschaften, den Einfluss der ''Kru-Matrosen'', christliche Missionen und Verstädterung, sowie die Aufnahme-Industrie und die Rolle des Nationalismus.

This volume discusses the history of funerals, a 'total social phenomenon' in southern Ghana. Today, as in the past, festivals are organised, usually involving music, dance and the consumption of alcohol. This study discusses variations over time and between different regions, dealing systematically with the preparation of the corpse, places of burial, modes of commemoration, the high costs involved and the influence of Christian missions. / Dieser Band betrachtet die Geschichte von Beerdigungen, ein 'total social phenomenon' im südlichen Ghana. Heute, wie auch in der Vergangenheit, werden Feste organisiert, die normalerweise Musik, Tanz und den Konsum von Alkohol involvieren. Diese Studie betrachtet Variationen über die Zeit hinweg und zwischen verschiedenen Regionen, während sie sich systematisch mit der Vorbereitung der Leiche, den Orten der Beerdigung, den Arten der Gedenkfeiern, den hohen Kosten und dem Einfluss der christlichen Missionen beschäftigt.

This volume (in 2 parts) is a study of 218 historical photographs in the collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Leipzig relating to three ethnic groups in East Africa - the Maasai, Chagga and Pare. / Dieser Band präsentiert (in zwei Teilen) eine Studie von 218 historischen Fotografien der Sammlung des Museums für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig im Bezug auf drei ethnische Gruppen in Ostafrika - die Maasai, Chagga und Pare.

This thesis explored the use of ideology as defined by Spolsky and Woolard and Schieffelin to explain both the Japanese and Kuomintang regimes use of language policy in Taiwan from 1895 to 1987. In the case of the Japanese, they introduced both educational reform and a new language into Taiwan after 1895. It was their desire to see the Taiwanese become good citizens of the Empire. When the new government first arrived on the island the use of local dialects were still permitted, and local Chinese schools remained open for a time. During the later colonial period in Taiwan the use of the Japanese language became more and more dominant. In the case of the Kuomintang who came to govern Taiwan after 1945, it was their use of Mandarin that defined their form of language policy on the island. The KMT believed that they were the legal government of China and planned for their eventual return to the mainland.

This volume discusses the phenomenon of ethnicity in East Africa under German colonial rule, using five case studies: the Swahili, Nyamwezi, Maasai, Shambaa and Bondei. Besides offering a brief overview of the debate concerning ethnicity in Africa and of the history of German colonial rule in East Africa the study examines the role played by missions in the development of ethnic consciousness. It also compares German and British colonial rule in this field. / Dieser Band setzt sich mit dem Phänomen der Ethnizität in Ostafrika unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft auseinander, wobei fünf Fallstudien genutzt werden: die Swahili, Nyamwezi, Maasai, Shambaa und Bondei. Neben einem kurzen Überblick über die Debate bezüglich der Ethnizität in Afrika und der Geschichte der deutschen Kolonialherrschaft in Ostafrika, untersucht die Studie die Rolle der Missionen für die Entwicklung eines ethnischen Bewusstseins. Zu diesem Thema wird die deutsche Kolonialherrschaft auch mit der britischen verglichen.

L’intérêt principal proposé par le courant migratoire algérien réside dans son évolution ; il passe ainsi d’une migration marginale, durant les premières années, à une migration de masse et structurée. De 1945 jusqu’aux années 1952-1953, le « second âge de l’immigration algérienne », selon la formule d’Abdelmalek Sayad, se caractérise par une migration masculine essentiellement. Notre propos n’est pas d’expliquer les causes conjoncturelles de cette migration, mais d’insister sur deux aspects : le caractère économique de ces départs massifs vers « l’Eldorado », que représente la France à cet instant, et sur le caractère temporaire de ces départs envisagé comme tel à la fois par les autorités politiques de l’époque,mais aussi par les migrants. Dés le début des années 1950, la présence de femmes algériennes et de leurs enfants sur le territoire métropolitain est attestée. Leurs venues contribuent à modifier la physionomie de cette migration et amorcent le passage d’une migration de travailleurs à une migration familiale, phénomène bien antérieur au regroupement familial de1974.De la Libération à l’indépendance algérienne, les pouvoirs publics mettent en place un vaste dispositif d’aide sans précédent et exclusivement adressé aux Algériens, dans le domaine social, du travail et de la santé. A la fin des années 1950, la création de deux organismes, le Fonds d’Action Social et la SO.NA.CO.TR.AL parachèvent en quelque sorte cette politique sociale. L’objectif officiel de ces infrastructures est de lutter contre « une discrimination de fait » dont sont victimes ces Français Musulmans d’Algérie. Ce groupe constitue une catégorie atypique de migrants dans la mesure où ils sont Français depuis 1947 et peuvent à ce titre circuler librement entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée. Leur statut et la singularité de ce traitement les distinguent des autres immigrations présentes à cette époque.Il s’agit d’étudier de quelles manières les politiques mises en place ont contribué à faire de ce groupe migratoire une communauté de l’intérieur. Le recours à l’immigration algérienne a été dicté par des considérations politiques. La France d’après-guerre se trouve face à un paradoxe : cette main-d’oeuvre d’outre-mer, inévitable, est non désirée, par les autorités publiques mais également par le patronat français. Les pouvoirs publics, mobilisés sur ces questions, ont une gestion coloniale de la présence algérienne en banlieue où sous couvert de mener des actions sanitaires et sociales, il s’agit en définitive de mieux circonscrire ce groupe.Le cadre géographique retenu est la Seine-banlieue, et plus particulièrement, l’intérêt se porte sur les communes qui ont dû faire face à ces flux migratoires telles que Saint-Denis,Aubervilliers, Bobigny, Saint-Ouen, La Courneuve, Montreuil... La banlieue parisienne, urbaine et industrielle, est un véritable pôle d’attraction pour ces migrants en quête d’un emploi. Paris et sa banlieue font figure de laboratoires où diverses expériences dans le domaine du logement, de l’aide médicale et sociale ont été menées et ont pu servir de modèles d’inspiration pour d’autres départements. / The main advantage offered by the Algerian migratory flow lies in its evolution as it passes from a marginal migration during the early years to structured mass migration. From 1945until the years 1952 to 1953, the "2th age of Algerian immigration," according to Abdelmalek Sayad, is characterized by a predominantly male migration. Our intention is not to explain thetemporary causes of this migration, but to emphasize two aspects: the economic character ofthese massive departures to "Eldorado", as France was considered at that time, and thetemporary departures considered as such by both the political authorities of that time, but alsoby migrants. From the beginning of the 1950s, the presence of Algerian women and theirchildren in the metropolitan area is attested. This immigration changed the face of thismigration and initiated the transition from labor migration to family migration, a phenomenonwhich occurred well before the reunification in 1974.From Liberation to Algerian independence, the government implemented a comprehensivesystem of unprecedented measures and exclusively addressed to Algerians in the social, laborand health fields. In the late 1950s, the creation of two agencies, the Social Action Fund andSO.NA.CO.TR.AL topped off this social policy in some ways. The official goal of theseinfrastructures was to fight against "de facto discrimination" suffered by these French Muslims from Algeria. This group is a category of a typical migrants in so far as they are French since 1947 and as such can move freely between the two shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The status and uniqueness of this treatment differs from other immigrations present at this time. It is about studying the ways in which the implemented policies have contributed to make this group migration a community group from within. The use of Algerian immigration was dictated by political considerations. Post-war France is facing a paradox : that labor from overseas, inevitable, is unwanted by the public authorities but also by French employers. The government, mobilized on these issues, has a colonial management of the Algerian presence in the suburbs where, under the cover of conducting health and social actions, it is ultimately better to restrain this group. The geographical scope will be the Seine suburbs, and more specifically, the focus is on municipalities that have faced these flows such as Saint-Denis, Aubervilliers, Bobigny, Saint-Ouen, La Courneuve, Montreuil. The urban and industrial Parisian suburbs are a real magnet for migrants seeking employment. Paris and its suburbs is a reference laboratory where experiments in the field of housing, medical and social assistance have been conducted and have served as role models for other departments.