Les grands marchands italiens des XIIIe et XIVe siècles, ceux qui opéraient sur les marchés internationaux, furent précurseurs de bien des techniques commerciales et de gestion. Ils ont également « inventé » la compagnie commerciale.Les analyses classiques de cette institution ne rendent pas suffisamment compte des causes de son apparition. Les risques moindres ni le montant plus important des capitaux nécessaires ne paraissent, pour cette époque, des facteurs tout à fait déterminants et suffisants. Les influences et les expériences dont ont pu bénéficier les commerçants italiens ne l’expliquent pas non plus.La plupart des documents qui nous sont parvenus apparaissent adaptés, plus qu’à une gestion efficace des opérations à celle de la relation entre les acteurs de ces compagnies. Cela conduit à s’interroger sur les raisons pour lesquelles ces marchands mirent en place à la fois l’institution et ces extraordinaires moyens de gestion.Le parallélisme observé entre l’apparition des compagnies, de ses outils de gestion, les évolutions politiques et celles des administrations publiques au moment de l’ascension du Popolo, fournit un premier indice sur ce moment de création de l’institution. Comme les communes, elle apparaît fondée sur une association originale entre personnes libres, sur la recherche de la concorde, et pour cette raison fut pourvue d’outils de gestion rigoureux.Les apports et les nouvelles conceptions de la science économique institutionnelle, la vision de la « firme » comme une solution alternative moins coûteuse au marché, et comme un outil de gestion du « problème de l’agence », complètent l’explication de l’apparition des compagnies. / The great Italian merchants of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, those who operated on international scale, were the precursors of many commercial and management technics. They also "invented" the commercial company. The classical analyzes of this institution do not sufficiently explain their appearance. The lesser risks for this activity and the greater amount of capital required are not decisive and sufficient explanations for this time. Neither do the influences and experiences that Italian traders have benefited. Most of the management documents, especially the ledgers and the letters, seem adapted to the management of the relationship between the actors of these companies rather than of operations. This leads to questions about why these merchants set up both the institution and these extraordinary management methods.The parallel observed and analyzed between the appearance of these companies, their management tools and the political and public administrations evolutions at the time of the rise of the Popolo highlights this moment of creation of the institution. It thus appears, like the communes, based on an original association of free people, on the search for concord and for this reason provided with rigorous management tools.The use of analysis and new conceptions of the "firm", by institutional economics, the vision of it as a less expensive alternative to the market, and as a tool for managing the “agency problem”, complete the explanation to the appearance of companies.

© Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) Information Center Best Marketing Practices in Peru. A selection of the 2015 ANDA Award winners Lima: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015 ISBN (spanish printed edition): 978-612-318-037-9 ISBN (spanish e-pub edition): 978-612-318-039-3 ISBN (spanish PDF edition): 978-612-318-038-6 ISBN (english PDF edition): 978-612-318-049-2 / This book, an initiative of ANDA and the Administration and Marketing Study Program of Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), is the first in a series of books. It seeks to share, each year, some of the new ANDA Awards winning cases. Hence, students, professionals and entrepreneurs will be able to see, in concrete terms, how to achieve effectiveness and excellent business results through innovative strategies based on the fields of marketing and communications. Seven 2015 ANDA Awards winning cases are included in this first book. The selection process considered those cases whose whole campaign was based on the implementation of research-based and insight strategies closely associated with marketing practices.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-12-14T17:46:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arthur_miranda_cavalcanti.pdf: 1990575 bytes, checksum: fd169d67e00359175dfddb5aa0b09008 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T17:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arthur_miranda_cavalcanti.pdf: 1990575 bytes, checksum: fd169d67e00359175dfddb5aa0b09008 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-14 / The judicial reorganization of companies consists in a legal means for a company in economic and financial crisis to seek corporate reorganization and is provided in the Law 11101 of 2005, which regulates judicial recovery, extrajudicial recovery and bankruptcy of the company in crisis. According to legal provisions, through a procedure initiated directly by the debtor, the debtor must demonstrate to the creditors his viability to continue the business activity, providing the means of recovery that are skillful to obtain their approval. If the result of the General Meeting of Creditors is negative to the proposed recovery plan, the bankruptcy can be decreed. After this pronouncement of the creditors, the judiciary, according to the form adopted in the Brazilian legislation, is not able to replace, with greater freedom, the will of the majority of the creditors. Thus, the risk of judicial recovery does not succeed is imminent. However, there is an alternative to rejecting the will of creditors. This is the legal institution of Cram Down, a measure that gives the Judiciary greater powers to interfere and decide for the preservation of the company, even if the recovery plan has not been approved by the majority of the creditors, as provided for in the Recovery Act and Bankruptcies.Of foreign origin, Cram Down already finds defenders as an effective means of avoiding the breakdown of a viable company, but which is hostage to the individual interests of creditors. The study developed in the present work intends to identify if the decision made on the basis of the North American institute is possible within the legal reality of the Brazilian bankruptcy law and, in that case, to confirm if it is sufficent to produce results able to achieve the purpose of the recovery and, thus, able to fulfill the social function of the company. Doctrine and jurisprudence are the sources of study of this institute already adopted inforeign legislations, but still mitigated in our legal system. / A recuperação judicial de empresas consiste em um meio legal de uma empresa em crise econômico-financeira buscar a reorganização empresarial e encontra-se prevista na Lei nº 11.101/2005, legislação que disciplina a recuperação judicial, extrajudicial e a falência da empresa em crise. Segundo previsão legal, através de um procedimento instaurado diretamente pelo devedor, este deverá demonstrar aos credores sua viabilidade de dar continuidade à atividade empresarial, fornecendo meios de recuperação hábeis a conquistar a aprovação destes. Sendo o resultado da Assembleia Geral de Credores negativo ao plano de recuperação proposto, a falência pode ser decretada. Após esse pronunciamento dos credores o judiciário, segundo a forma adotada na legislação brasileira, não é capaz de substituir, com maior liberdade, a vontade da maioria dos credores. Assim, iminente é o risco de recuperações judiciais não lograrem êxito. Entretanto, há uma alternativa à rejeição da vontade dos credores. Trata-se do instituto jurídico do Cram Down, medida que outorga ao Poder Judiciário maiores poderes para interferir e decidir pela preservação da empresa, mesmo que o plano de recuperação não tenha sido aprovado em assembleia pela maioria dos credores, como prevê a Lei de Recuperação e Falências. De origem estrangeira, o Cram Down já encontra defensores como meio efetivo de evitar a quebra de uma empresa viável, masque esteja refém de interesses individuais de credores. O estudo desenvolvido no presente trabalho pretende identificar se a decisão tomada com base no instituto norte americano é possível dentro realidade jurídica do direito falimentar brasileiro, e, em sendo, confirmar se é capaz de produzir resultados aptos a atender o objetivo da recuperação e, assim, cumprir a função social da empresa. Doutrina e jurisprudência são as fontes de estudo desse instituto já adotado em legislações estrangeiras, mas, ainda, mitigado em nosso sistema legal.

O objeto principal da dissertação é a análise do regime jurídico da exclusão de sócios nas sociedades limitadas, nos termos do Código Civil de 2002 (Lei Federal n° 10.406/02). Parte-se de um exame do percurso histórico de afirmação do instituto, entrelaçado com uma visão panorâmica da disciplina atual da matéria em alguns dos ordenamentos que mais influenciaram o Direito brasileiro, com destaque para Alemanha, França e, sobretudo, Itália. Em relação à experiência brasileira anterior à promulgação do Código Civil de 2002, o estudo concentra-se em demonstrar o caráter eminentemente doutrinário e jurisprudencial da consolidação do instituto. De fato, sempre sob a vigência do Código Comercial de 1850, à margem de quaisquer mudanças legislativas de maior relevo, a possibilidade de exclusão de sócios foi primeiramente recusada, para paulatinamente ser aceita e, finalmente, ser aplicada com exagerada liberalidade. Conceitualmente, a exclusão é enquadrada como uma expressão da especialidade da sociedade, enquanto contrato plurilateral. A exclusão facultativa, em particular - em oposição à exclusão de pleno direito -, é vista como manifestação peculiar da resolução contratual por inadimplemento. O estudo compreende uma análise crítica das disposições do Código Civil de 2002 em matéria societária, além de uma investigação das causas e procedimentos de exclusão sob a vigência de tal diploma. As principais teses defendidas no trabalho são: (i) a diferença estrutural entre a exclusão facultativa, objeto tradicional de estudo da doutrina brasileira, e a exclusão de pleno direito - novidade introduzida no ordenamento brasileiro por inspiração direta da lei italiana -; (ii) deficiência e inadequação da teoria do rompimento da affectio societatis como justa causa para a exclusão; (iii) a duplicidade de procedimentos para a exclusão facultativa, relativamente à sociedade limitada, com o convívio dos procedimentos de exclusão judicial e extrajudicial; (iv) a impossibilidade de se equiparar a assembléia ou reunião de exclusão a julgamento, recusando-se a atribuição de um verdadeiro \"direito de defesa\" ao sócio que se deseja excluir. / The main purpose of the essay is to review the legal discipline of the exclusion of a partner from a limited liability company under the provisions of the Civil Code of 2002 (Federal Law n. 10406/02). The analysis starts with a review of the historical development of the right of exclusion, combined with an overview of the current legal treatment of the issue in a number of jurisdictions that exercised the most relevant influence on Brazilian Law; in particular Germany, France and - above all- Italy. On what regards Brazilian experience prior to the enactment of the Civil Code of 2002, the analysis focuses on illustrating how the development of the right exclusion was mostly based on academic studies and case law. As a matter of fact, under the provisions of the Commercial Code 1850, in spite of the lack of any relevant reforms on statutory legislation, the possibility of exclusion of partner was, at first, rejected and then, gradually accepted. At a later phase, exclusion was even applied without due control. Conceptually, the exclusion of a partner is classified as an expression of the special nature of the company as a plurilateral agreement. In particular, optional exclusion - unlike mandatory exclusion - is seen as a special form of contract termination due to material breach. The research comprehends a critical review of the provisions of the Civil Code of 2002 on corporate law, in addition to an analysis of relevant causes and procedures for the exclusion of a partner under said law. The main theses defended are the following: (i) existence of structural differences between optional exclusion - traditional object of study by Brazilian academics - and mandatory exclusion - a new procedure introduced as a result of the direct Italian influence on Brazilian law -, (ii) problems and inadequacy of the theory of rupture of affectio societatis as a cause for exclusion, (iii) existence of two parallel procedures for the optional exclusion of a partner within limited liability companies, one being through a court ruling and the other trough corporate a mere resolution; (iv) impossibility of treating the exclusion through corporate resolution as a form of judgment and, thus, the refusal of recognition of a \"right of defense\" in favor of the partner that is to be excluded.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and increase the understanding of how the two commercial companies IKEA and SAS and the two aid organizations/nonprofit organizations UNICEF and Save the Children use perceptions of Christmas to produce messages in their Christmas advertising/commercial film. The study also discusses if there may be communicative and pictorial similarities and differences in how these brands constructs messages in commercials, and why it may be that the brands choose to use these messages in commercials based on the recipient possible interpretations. The theories used in this study are promotional culture, framing theory, preferred meaning, semiotics (denotation and connotation), myth and rhetoric (ethos, pathos and logos). The method used to answer the purpose and issues are the qualitative method that uses the theories semiotic and rhetoric to analyze the material. The study's results derived from the qualitative content analyzes of the material (the brands IKEA, SAS, UNICEF and Save the Children Christmas advertising films) show that IKEA message might want to show that they want to help the customer and that they pay attention to the customer needs. And that IKEA also in that message says that the solution and the products for your Christmas preparations are available at IKEA. SAS uses the Christmas tradition and myth of Santa to describe and make sense of a service, and showing that they care about the customer comes in time, even at Christmas when something is important. UNICEF can therefore be interpreted use Christmas as a persuasion method. UNICEF commercials can be seen to be designed to make the receiver more generous and get the feeling that it wants to contribute. Save the Children's message is focused on you should buy "nothing" for Christmas, and why it should be seen as an alternative to other Christmas gifts on the market. Based on this final discussion research shows that it could be possible that the commercial companies (IKEA and SAS) want to appear less “selling” when they are trying to sell their products or services through messages constructed by notions of Christmas, and that they instead try to ensure the customer needs. The study further shows that the help organizations seem more " selling" when trying to sell their products and get people to contribute to their aid activities. As a result of the need to be more commercial. Why the brands have chosen these messages and strategies can finally, as evidenced by the final discussion, come from the fact that the brands want to create the best competitive opportunities in the market, and that the strategies may have been selected by the brands though they might be considered as the most effective.

O objeto principal da dissertação é a análise do regime jurídico da exclusão de sócios nas sociedades limitadas, nos termos do Código Civil de 2002 (Lei Federal n° 10.406/02). Parte-se de um exame do percurso histórico de afirmação do instituto, entrelaçado com uma visão panorâmica da disciplina atual da matéria em alguns dos ordenamentos que mais influenciaram o Direito brasileiro, com destaque para Alemanha, França e, sobretudo, Itália. Em relação à experiência brasileira anterior à promulgação do Código Civil de 2002, o estudo concentra-se em demonstrar o caráter eminentemente doutrinário e jurisprudencial da consolidação do instituto. De fato, sempre sob a vigência do Código Comercial de 1850, à margem de quaisquer mudanças legislativas de maior relevo, a possibilidade de exclusão de sócios foi primeiramente recusada, para paulatinamente ser aceita e, finalmente, ser aplicada com exagerada liberalidade. Conceitualmente, a exclusão é enquadrada como uma expressão da especialidade da sociedade, enquanto contrato plurilateral. A exclusão facultativa, em particular - em oposição à exclusão de pleno direito -, é vista como manifestação peculiar da resolução contratual por inadimplemento. O estudo compreende uma análise crítica das disposições do Código Civil de 2002 em matéria societária, além de uma investigação das causas e procedimentos de exclusão sob a vigência de tal diploma. As principais teses defendidas no trabalho são: (i) a diferença estrutural entre a exclusão facultativa, objeto tradicional de estudo da doutrina brasileira, e a exclusão de pleno direito - novidade introduzida no ordenamento brasileiro por inspiração direta da lei italiana -; (ii) deficiência e inadequação da teoria do rompimento da affectio societatis como justa causa para a exclusão; (iii) a duplicidade de procedimentos para a exclusão facultativa, relativamente à sociedade limitada, com o convívio dos procedimentos de exclusão judicial e extrajudicial; (iv) a impossibilidade de se equiparar a assembléia ou reunião de exclusão a julgamento, recusando-se a atribuição de um verdadeiro \"direito de defesa\" ao sócio que se deseja excluir. / The main purpose of the essay is to review the legal discipline of the exclusion of a partner from a limited liability company under the provisions of the Civil Code of 2002 (Federal Law n. 10406/02). The analysis starts with a review of the historical development of the right of exclusion, combined with an overview of the current legal treatment of the issue in a number of jurisdictions that exercised the most relevant influence on Brazilian Law; in particular Germany, France and - above all- Italy. On what regards Brazilian experience prior to the enactment of the Civil Code of 2002, the analysis focuses on illustrating how the development of the right exclusion was mostly based on academic studies and case law. As a matter of fact, under the provisions of the Commercial Code 1850, in spite of the lack of any relevant reforms on statutory legislation, the possibility of exclusion of partner was, at first, rejected and then, gradually accepted. At a later phase, exclusion was even applied without due control. Conceptually, the exclusion of a partner is classified as an expression of the special nature of the company as a plurilateral agreement. In particular, optional exclusion - unlike mandatory exclusion - is seen as a special form of contract termination due to material breach. The research comprehends a critical review of the provisions of the Civil Code of 2002 on corporate law, in addition to an analysis of relevant causes and procedures for the exclusion of a partner under said law. The main theses defended are the following: (i) existence of structural differences between optional exclusion - traditional object of study by Brazilian academics - and mandatory exclusion - a new procedure introduced as a result of the direct Italian influence on Brazilian law -, (ii) problems and inadequacy of the theory of rupture of affectio societatis as a cause for exclusion, (iii) existence of two parallel procedures for the optional exclusion of a partner within limited liability companies, one being through a court ruling and the other trough corporate a mere resolution; (iv) impossibility of treating the exclusion through corporate resolution as a form of judgment and, thus, the refusal of recognition of a \"right of defense\" in favor of the partner that is to be excluded.

L'Acte uniforme sur le droit des sociétés commerciales présente une particularité. En effet, le principe de sécurité juridique s'y trouve consacré à travers l'article 2, lequel fait des dispositions de l'Acte uniforme autant de dispositions d'ordre public. Cependant, l'absence de définition légale d'une telle notion est susceptible de générer quelques difficultés en raison de sa nature de standard juridique, sauf à considérer que l'ordre public doive être davantage perçu comme une technique de mise en oeuvre du droit. Pourtant, force est de constater qu'il s'agit d'une notion qui concourt à remplir l'impératif de sécurité juridique poursuivi par le législateur OHADA au sein de l'Acte uniforme sur le droit des sociétés commerciales, assurant ainsi son attractivité économique. A ce propos, traiter de la question de la liberté contractuelle dans l'Acte uniforme sur le droit des sociétés commerciales conduit nécessairement à mettre en lumière le paradoxe qui résulte de la lecture positive que l'on peut avoir de l'ordre public à travers l'article 2 au regard des finalités poursuivies par le législateur OHADA. Car, en tentant de répondre à l'impératif de sécurité juridique et à l'exigence d'attractivité économique, c'est la garantie de l'exercice de la liberté contractuelle qui se trouve assurée par ricochet. Ce qui nous conduit à étudier in fine comment l'ordre public tel qu'édicté assure la protection de la liberté contractuelle, de sorte à ce qu'ordre public et liberté contractuelle deviennent des notions non plus à opposer, mais à concilier. / The Uniform Act on Commercial Companies is a special case. Indeed, the principle of legal certainty is recognized through the article 2, which makes the provisions of the Uniform Act as many public policy provisions. However, the lack of legal definition of such a concept is likely to cause some difficulties due to its nature of legal standard, except considering that public policy should rather be viewed as a law implementation technique. Though, it is clear this is a concept that helps to fulfill the requirement of legal certainty pursued by the OHADA legislator in the Uniform Act on Commercial Companies, ensuring thereby its economic attractiveness.In this regard, addressing the issue of contractual freedom in the Uniform Act on Commercial companies necessarily leads to highlight the paradox that results from the positive understanding that one can have of public order through the article 2 in view of the purposes persued by the OHADA legislator. Because, in attempting to meet the requirement of legal certainty and the requirement of economic attractiveness, it is the guarantee of the exercise of contractual freedom which is ensured by ricochet. In the end, this leads us to consider how the public policy as enacted ensures the protection of contractual freedom, so that public policy and contractual freedom become notions either to oppose, but to reconcile.

En France et dans l’espace OHADA, la cession de droits sociaux est une opération économique considérablement pratiquée par des milliers de sociétés commerciales. Pourtant, la loi ne prévoit pas un cadre formellement dédié à son régime juridique. Face à ce vide juridique, la jurisprudence, la doctrine et les praticiens tentent de lui appliquer des régimes juridiques préexistants, mais forcément inadaptés. C’est ainsi que l’on assiste tout naturellement à une appropriation civiliste de l’opération qui est considérée aujourd’hui comme un acte civil. Or, elle a tout le caractère d’un acte fondamentalement commercial. C’est pourquoi la présente étude propose une approche qui priorise sa commercialité. / In France and in the OHADA area, the transfer of social rights is an economic operation considerably practiced by thousands of commercial companies. However, the law does not provide a framework formally dedicated to its legal regime. Faced to this legal vacuum, jurisprudence, doctrine and practitioners try to apply pre-existing but really inadequate legal regimes. We are thus, naturally witnessing a civil appropriation of the operation, considered as a civil act. But it presents some characteristics of a fundamentally commercial act. This study proposes an approach that prioritizes its commerciality.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-08T11:32:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria das Graças de Lima.pdf: 2064400 bytes, checksum: 98e77edd3b5bd6d7f53bf1379b0c7da0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T11:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria das Graças de Lima.pdf: 2064400 bytes, checksum: 98e77edd3b5bd6d7f53bf1379b0c7da0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This Research characterized as a case study and the subject of its investigation is the work relationship of two Empresas Recuperadas por Trabalhadores — ERTs (companies recuperated by workers): UNIFORJA E CONES. These companies were born from the bankruptcy of capitalist firms and became cooperatives that work under self-management system. The investigation and analysis aimed to understand to which extent these ERTs, after 20 years of existence, were or were not able to remain faithful to the self-management system. The investigation also tried to identify contradictions and ambiguities in the ERTs daily routines, as well as possibilities to overcome these contradictions, once the ERTs are embedded in the capitalist market, subdued by production logic and capital reproduction. The central point of this investigation is based on the principle of self-management as a radicality in the practice of direct democracy that seeks the meaning of its generalization in society as mean and end of the worker´s struggle against capitalism. What we found was the reproduction of capitalist work relationships mixed with a few innovations generated by attempts to remain faithful to the self-management principles. However, self-management is stumbling due to strongly hierarchical power relationships based on an egalitarian relation of duties and rights that does not promote equality of conditions and knowledge, does not develop new leadership, and does not form the workers’ critical conscience – not even the conscience of their condition as workers. Therefore, we can talk about a class division between the ERTs worker-partners based on income inequality, differentiated knowledge levels, the leaders’ ideological formation and work social division, all of which producing alienation. Our analysis corroborated our initial suspicion that, by using the same structures and models of production organization and work management, the ERTs put at risk the self-management practices. Our conclusions point towards the creation of a new model of production organization and work management based on the principles of self-management, democracy and equality, with the authentic participation of workers in every process of planning and organization of production and management, and aiming at overcoming alienated work. Based on the analysis of the objective and subjective conditions we found in the ERTs we researched and considering its ambiguities and contradictions generated by continuities and discontinuities in the processes of production organization and work management, we understand that the object of a new model of work relationships management is the effective participation of the workers in the work management, and the objective is to overcome the alienated work. Therefore, we finish by presenting a proposal to develop a New Model of Work Relationships Management, grounded in two axes: the development of Processes of Integral and Continuous Formation for the worker-partners and the creation of (or participation in) Networks of Solidarity / Esta pesquisa caracterizada como um estudo de caso, teve como objeto de investigação, as relações de trabalho em Empresas Recuperadas por Trabalhadores (ERTs): UNIFORJA E CONES. Estas são empresas que nasceram a partir da falência de empresas capitalistas e se tornaram cooperativas que funcionam sob o regime de autogestão. A investigação e análise procuraram compreender em que medida estas ERTs, depois de quase 20 anos de existência, conseguiram se manter fiéis ou não ao sistema de autogestão, buscando identificar em suas práticas cotidianas contradições e ambiguidades, e possibilidades de superação dessas contradições, já que estão inseridas que estão no mercado capitalista, subjugadas à lógica de produção e reprodução do capital. O ponto central da investigação se assenta no princípio da autogestão como radicalidade na prática da democracia direta que busca o sentido de sua generalização na sociedade, como meio e fim da luta dos trabalhadores contra o capitalismo. O que encontramos foi a reprodução das relações de trabalho do sistema capitalista, mescladas com algumas poucas inovações promovidas pela tentativa de se ser fiel aos princípios da autogestão. Contudo, a autogestão aparece cambaleante devido as relações de poder hierarquizadas, baseada na relação igualitária de direitos e deveres, sem, no entanto, ser capaz de promover a igualdade de condições, sem equiparação de saberes, sem formar novas lideranças e sem formação da consciência crítica dos trabalhadores, nem sequer sobre sua condição de trabalhadores. Nesta medida podemos falar em uma divisão de classes entre os (as) sócios (as) trabalhadores (as) das ERTs a partir das desigualdades nas retiradas, do desnível de conhecimentos, da formação ideológica dos líderes e da divisão social do trabalho que permanece produzindo alienação. Enfim a análise corroborou nossa suspeita inicial de que ao utilizar as mesmas estruturas e formas de organização da produção e gestão do trabalho, as ERTs colocam em risco a prática da autogestão. Assim, concluímos que é mister a criação de um novo modelo de organização da produção e gestão do trabalho, a partir dos princípios autogestionários de democracia e igualdade, com a participação autentica dos trabalhadores em todos os processos de planejamento, organização da produção e da gestão, tendo como objetivo a superação do trabalho alienado. Tomando como base a análise das condições objetivas e subjetivas que encontramos nas ERTs pesquisadas, considerando suas ambiguidades e contradições geradas pelas continuidades e descontinuidades nos processos de organização da produção e gestão do trabalho, compreendemos que o objeto de um novo modelo de gestão das relações de trabalho é a efetiva participação dos trabalhadores na gestão do trabalho, e o objetivo é a superação do trabalho alienado. Assim concluímos com a apresentação de uma proposta para o desenvolvimento de um Modelo de Gestão das Relações de Trabalho, ancorados a partir de dois eixos de atuação: O desenvolvimento de Processos de Formação Integral e Continuada para todos (as) sócios (as) trabalhadores (as); e a criação e/ou a participação em Redes Solidárias