Priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo problema ir su tuo susijusi žala yra viena iš aktualiausių sveikatos problemų ne tik Europos Sąjungos šalyse, bet ir Lietuvoje. Temos aktualumas ir naujumas. Pasirinkta tema nėra nauja, tačiau labai aktuali šiandieniniame gyvenime. Siekiant užkirsti kelią priklausomybės ligų plitimui būtina daugiau dėmesio skirti priklausomybę sukeliančių medžiagų vartojimo prevencijai ypač vaikų ir jaunimo tarpe. Tėvai, pedagogai, visuomenės sveikatos priežiūros specialistai turi galimybę efektyviau atlikti prevencinį darbą, padaryti didelę įtaką mažinant priklausomybių ligų plitimą. / The problem of the use of addictive substances and the damage related to it is one of the most relevant health problems not only in the EU countries, but in Lithuania as well. Topic relevance. The topic chosen is not new, however, it is extremely relevant in modern life. In order to prevent the spread of addictive diseases, it is crucial to pay more attention to preventive actions of the use of addictive substances, especially among young people and children. Parents, teachers, health care specialists have an opportunity to effectively carry out preventive actions and to significantly add to the reduction of the spread of addictive diseases.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of inclusion of children with autism in pre-school education. It describes the concept of autism and its specificities, which can be significantly manifested in the inclusion of children in joint education up to the age of six. It points to the potential pitfalls that can arise in education and training. It explains concepts related to autistic spectrum disorders and discusses in detail the triad of impairments and related issues based on expert opinions. The thesis also shows different approaches and proven procedures for working with children with autism not only in kindergarten, but also for practice in the family. It describes different cognitive styles and other specifics that may arise in connection with autistic spectrum disorders and have a major impact on the child and his surroundings. It also includes personal examples from practice that illustrate the complexity and diversity of working with children with autistic spectrum disorder in kindergarten. In the second part of this work a case study is described, which can also serve as an example of good practice. It describes the class attended by two boys with autism. Part of the case study and a description of the climate detection program in the classroom designed for preschool children. This is...

Ce mémoire explore la question des conséquences de l’interprétation rawlsienne du pluralisme éthique pour la légitimité de l’autonomie individuelle comme objectif d’éducation publique. Rawls (1993, 2003) soutient que seuls des objectifs éducatifs strictement politiques peuvent guider l’élaboration des politiques publiques en matière d’éducation obligatoire et justifier une intervention étatique dans l’éducation des enfants. Or, puisque Rawls définit l’autonomie individuelle comme un idéal éthique privé, il conclut qu’elle n’est pas un objectif légitime d’éducation publique. La thèse principale qui est défendue dans le cadre de ce mémoire est que Rawls est aveugle aux implications réelles de sa propre théorie politique en matière d’éducation commune, qui, contrairement à ce qu’il soutient, exigent précisément la promotion de l’autonomie individuelle comme idéal éthique (et non politique). Cette thèse remet en question le principe de neutralité de l’État envers toutes les doctrines éthiques, y compris l’idéal d’autonomie individuelle, qui caractérise et distingue la théorie rawlsienne des versions classiques du libéralisme. La deuxième partie de cette étude considère une stratégie possible pour sauver la neutralité du libéralisme politique, qui consiste à définir le concept d’autonomie individuelle de manière procédurale et éthiquement neutre. Ce chapitre montre que, indépendamment de la plausibilité strictement conceptuelle d’une telle caractérisation de l’autonomie individuelle, elle n’est pas appropriée au projet éducatif rawlsien, parce que celui-ci demande la valorisation de la pensée critique, et comporte donc un élément éthique incontournable. Enfin, la troisième partie de cette étude explore la problématique des moyens de promotion de l’autonomie individuelle et, plus spécifiquement, de la légitimité des écoles séparées religieuses. Elle soutient, d’un côté que l’école religieuse peut avoir une importante valeur instrumentale vis-à-vis du développement de l’autonomie individuelle, mais de l’autre côté, que l’école commune est nécessaire à un certain stade de développement. / This study explores the consequences of the rawlsian interpretation of ethical pluralism for the legitimacy of individual autonomy as a goal of public educational policies. Rawls (1993, 2003) affirms that the only educational goals that can legitimately justify public policies and the state’s intervention in children’s education are strictly political goals. Now, Rawls defines personal autonomy as a private ethical ideal. Therefore, he concludes that personal autonomy is not a legitimate goal of public education. The main thesis defended in this study is that Rawls fails to realize the implications of his own political theory for educational policies. His ideal of citizenship demands in fact a public promotion of individual autonomy. One effect of this thesis is to challenge the principle of the state’s neutrality towards all ethical doctrines, which characterizes and distinguishes Rawls’ theory from the classical versions of liberalism. The second part of the study considers an alternative strategy that aims at defending the principle of neutrality by redefining the very concept of personal autonomy in procedural and non-ethical terms. However, this study shows that, independently of its conceptual plausibility, a purely procedural notion of personal autonomy is not appropriate in the context of the rawlsian educational project. Rawls’ political theory demands in fact the valorization of the practice of autonomy and involves thereby an unavoidable ethical partiality for certain ways of life. Finally, the third part of this study explores the normative debate about the means needed for the promotion of personal autonomy in public education. More specifically, it focuses on the question of the legitimacy of religious schools. It argues, on the one hand, that religious schools can play an important instrumental role for the development of personal autonomy, but that, on the other hand, common schooling is, at the certain stage, necessary for a full development of children’s personal autonomy within a pluralistic society.

Ce mémoire explore la question des conséquences de l’interprétation rawlsienne du pluralisme éthique pour la légitimité de l’autonomie individuelle comme objectif d’éducation publique. Rawls (1993, 2003) soutient que seuls des objectifs éducatifs strictement politiques peuvent guider l’élaboration des politiques publiques en matière d’éducation obligatoire et justifier une intervention étatique dans l’éducation des enfants. Or, puisque Rawls définit l’autonomie individuelle comme un idéal éthique privé, il conclut qu’elle n’est pas un objectif légitime d’éducation publique. La thèse principale qui est défendue dans le cadre de ce mémoire est que Rawls est aveugle aux implications réelles de sa propre théorie politique en matière d’éducation commune, qui, contrairement à ce qu’il soutient, exigent précisément la promotion de l’autonomie individuelle comme idéal éthique (et non politique). Cette thèse remet en question le principe de neutralité de l’État envers toutes les doctrines éthiques, y compris l’idéal d’autonomie individuelle, qui caractérise et distingue la théorie rawlsienne des versions classiques du libéralisme. La deuxième partie de cette étude considère une stratégie possible pour sauver la neutralité du libéralisme politique, qui consiste à définir le concept d’autonomie individuelle de manière procédurale et éthiquement neutre. Ce chapitre montre que, indépendamment de la plausibilité strictement conceptuelle d’une telle caractérisation de l’autonomie individuelle, elle n’est pas appropriée au projet éducatif rawlsien, parce que celui-ci demande la valorisation de la pensée critique, et comporte donc un élément éthique incontournable. Enfin, la troisième partie de cette étude explore la problématique des moyens de promotion de l’autonomie individuelle et, plus spécifiquement, de la légitimité des écoles séparées religieuses. Elle soutient, d’un côté que l’école religieuse peut avoir une importante valeur instrumentale vis-à-vis du développement de l’autonomie individuelle, mais de l’autre côté, que l’école commune est nécessaire à un certain stade de développement. / This study explores the consequences of the rawlsian interpretation of ethical pluralism for the legitimacy of individual autonomy as a goal of public educational policies. Rawls (1993, 2003) affirms that the only educational goals that can legitimately justify public policies and the state’s intervention in children’s education are strictly political goals. Now, Rawls defines personal autonomy as a private ethical ideal. Therefore, he concludes that personal autonomy is not a legitimate goal of public education. The main thesis defended in this study is that Rawls fails to realize the implications of his own political theory for educational policies. His ideal of citizenship demands in fact a public promotion of individual autonomy. One effect of this thesis is to challenge the principle of the state’s neutrality towards all ethical doctrines, which characterizes and distinguishes Rawls’ theory from the classical versions of liberalism. The second part of the study considers an alternative strategy that aims at defending the principle of neutrality by redefining the very concept of personal autonomy in procedural and non-ethical terms. However, this study shows that, independently of its conceptual plausibility, a purely procedural notion of personal autonomy is not appropriate in the context of the rawlsian educational project. Rawls’ political theory demands in fact the valorization of the practice of autonomy and involves thereby an unavoidable ethical partiality for certain ways of life. Finally, the third part of this study explores the normative debate about the means needed for the promotion of personal autonomy in public education. More specifically, it focuses on the question of the legitimacy of religious schools. It argues, on the one hand, that religious schools can play an important instrumental role for the development of personal autonomy, but that, on the other hand, common schooling is, at the certain stage, necessary for a full development of children’s personal autonomy within a pluralistic society.

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της συλλογιστικής πορείας του Πρόκλου, έτσι όπως διαμορφώνεται στο έργο του Εις τας Πλάτωνος Πολιτείας υπόμνημα, όσον αφορά στις έννοιες της παιδείας και της πολιτικής. Η έννοια της παιδείας εξετάζεται από τον νεοπλατωνικό φιλόσοφο μέσα από το πρίσμα των προτροπών και των απαγορεύσεων που έχει προτείνει ο Πλάτωνας στο έργο του Πολιτεία για την ορθή διαμόρφωση της προσωπικότητας των νέων, όπως για παράδειγμα ο «εξορισμός» της ποίησης του Ομήρου από την παιδεία των νέων, εξαιτίας της χρήσης της έννοιας της μίμησης και των μύθων. Η μουσική αναδεικνύεται ως βασικό και ιδιαιτέρως σημαντικό μάθημα στην παιδεία των νέων μέσα από την επιλογή των κατάλληλων αρμονιών και ρυθμών. Ο Πρόκλος σχολιάζει εκτενώς την καινοτόμα άποψη του Πλάτωνα για την κοινή παιδεία που θα πρέπει να λάβουν τόσο οι άνδρες όσο και οι γυναίκες μέσα στην πόλη, ώστε να επιτευχθεί η δυναμική συμμετοχή και ανάληψη των πολιτικών καθηκόντων από όλους τους πολίτες ανεξαιρέτως. Η έννοια της πολιτικής εξετάζεται από τον νεοπλατωνικό φιλόσοφο μέσα από την έννοια της δικαιοσύνης, η οποία κατέχει κεντρικό ρόλο στην Πολιτείαν του Πλάτωνα, καθώς και μέσα από την αναλογία της τριμερής διάκρισης των μερών της ψυχής και των μερών της πόλης με σκοπό να καταστεί σαφές ότι κάθε άνθρωπος και κατ’ αναλογίαν κάθε πόλη διακατέχονται από την αρετή της δικαιοσύνης μόνο όταν τα μέρη τους συμβιώνουν αρμονικά. Σε αντίθετη περίπτωση επέρχονται παθογενείς καταστάσεις τόσο στην ψυχή όσο και στην πόλη. Τέλος, ο Πρόκλος αναφέρεται διεξοδικά και στην μεταβολή των πολιτευμάτων στην Πολιτείαν του Πλάτωνα, επιχειρώντας να τονίσει ότι η ελλιπής και η μη ορθή παιδεία των νέων θα οδηγήσει σε διχοστασία τους άρχοντες με αποτέλεσμα την κατάλυση της άριστης πολιτείας. Η παιδεία λοιπόν, αποτελεί εκείνον τον θεσμικό και γνωσιολογικό παράγοντα που κατά την γνώμη του Πρόκλου, στηριζόμενος στις απόψεις του Πλάτωνα, θα επιτύχει να αναδείξει εκείνους τους ηγέτες οι οποίοι θα είναι ικανοί για την πολιτική και πολιτιστική ανασυγκρότηση της κοινωνίας. / The purpose of the present M.A. dissertation is to study the reasoning process of Proclus about the concepts of education and politics, as they discussed in Plato’s Republic. The concept of education is examined by the Neo-Platonic philosopher through the prism of prompts and prohibitions that have proposed by Plato for the proper conformation of the personality of young people, such as the “exile” of Homer’s poetry because of the use of the concepts of imitation and myths. The music is emerging as an essential and very important lesson in the education of young people through the selection of the appropriate harmonies and rhythms. Proclus has also commented extensively on the innovative aspect of Plato on the common education which should take both men and women in the city, so as to achieve active involvement and commitment of the political duties of all citizens. The concept of policy considered by the Neo-Platonic philosopher through the concept of justice, which has central role in Plato’s Republic, and through the tripartite separation of the soul and the city in order to make clear that every person and every city, in the basis of their analogy, possess the virtue of justice only when their parts coexist harmoniously. Otherwise, occurre pathogenic conditions both in the soul and in the city. Finally, Proclus refers thoroughly to the change of political regimes in Plato’s Republic, attempting to emphasize that the incomplete and incorrect education of young people will lead to controversies between rulers, resulting in the destruction of the excellent state. Education, therefore is that institutional and epistemic agent that will succeed to highlight those leaders who will be able in the political and cultural reconstruction of the society.

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In today's mainstream school, which focuses on a common education, the teaching assistant is an indispensable element in the teaching of pupils with special educational needs. This diploma thesis deals with the opinions of primary school principals on the position of teaching assistant at regular primary schools. The theoretical part of the thesis defines common education, which is related to the need for a teaching assistant, further defines the legislative anchoring of this profession, its personal and qualification prerequisites, its scope of work or risks associated with this profession. The last chapter of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with the cooperation of the teaching assistant with individual subjects in the school and outside it. The research part of the work, based on mixed research and using data collection methods "questionnaire survey" and "semi-structured interview" addresses the issue of the role of teaching assistants in mainstream primary schools. The respondents became the principals of ordinary primary schools. The thesis deals with the key activities of teaching assistants, as well as their personal and qualification prerequisites or pitfalls that are associated with this profession. First, the work describes a questionnaire survey, which complements the...

TITLE: Specificity of education social disadvantaged child SUMMARY: This thesis deals with familiarity and experience of teachers and the principal of special education stream with the integration of socially disadvantaged pupils. The work deals with the reputation of so-called "Common Education" in the professional community of teachers, special education teachers and other educational staff. It also deals with experienced teachers with the integration of these pupils. It also dedicates level of awareness about who is a disciple of underprivileged knowledge and methods that can help this integration. Finally, the work deals with the familiarity of an amendment to the Education Act no. 82/2015 and knowledge of individual impacts on working with the student. Furthermore, the work deals with the degree of acceptance of compulsory attendance in the final year of nursery school and the abolition of preparatory classes. Also, the work deals with the possibilities that offers teachers plan educational support. KEYWORDS: Common education, amendment 82/2015, inclusion, special education, social disadvantage, socially disadvantaged pupils, plan educational assistance, canceling preparatory classes.

The diploma thesis deals with the activities of a special educator at a regular elementary school. Thesis is interested in his position and role in the school, his competence or job description and how other pedagogical staff treat his work at the school. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the legislative anchoring of the profession of special educator and the whole system of education. The thesis defines the methods and forms of work that are most suitable in the education of pupils with special educational needs. The thesis also provides an insight into the consulting system and its specifics with an emphasis on the functioning of the school consulting centre. The empirical part of the thesis consists of mixed research. It is based on the evaluation of a questionnaire survey, which examines the opinions of teachers on the work of the school consulting centre and above all opinions on the position of a special teacher at the school. The questionnaires were distributed to teachers and teacher assistants and asked what benefits and shortcomings they see in the work of the school special educator and how they think they work with pupils, their parents and other teachers. The questionnaire survey is supplemented by an interview with a special educator, who offers the opinion of a school...