The supplier relationship manager is one of the eight business processes of Supply chain management. There have been many researches carried out about the supply chain processes integration. However, a lack of theory has been noticed on the integration of the supplier relationship management process and no research has coped with a case study of the integration of this process between the manufacturer and its first upstream tier. The lack is also consequent when studying the obstacles to the supplier relationship management integration in Swedish construction equipment companies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:29:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristinapg1_123.pdf: 1077564 bytes, checksum: aaa116ea9cb0eac875a8e898cee32c20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / The market of machinery and equipment used in construction works has a significant participation: as massive representative in the Brazilian economy and as a supply chain in construction. These are a hypercompetitive industry, composed of transnational companies that uses the relationship marketing and B2B ¹ strategies as a main pillars of the strategic communication. Using the technique of multiple case study of which three were part of the largest manufacturers of construction equipment installed in Brazil Caterpillar, Case and Volvo , this research will show how and why these companies chose to focus on relationship marketing and brand image as a path to build stable and long term customers loyalty. / O setor de máquinas e equipamentos para construção civil utilizados em obras de grande porte tem uma participação expressiva tanto na economia brasileira como na cadeia produtiva da construção civil. Trata-se de um setor hipercompetitivo, composto por indústrias transnacionais que têm no marketing de relacionamento e nas estratégias B2B os principais pilares de sustentação de estratégia de comunicação com o mercado. Utilizando como técnica o estudo de caso múltiplo do qual fizeram parte três dos maiores fabricantes de equipamentos para construção instalados no Brasil Caterpillar, Case e Volvo o estudo mostra como e porque essas empresas optaram por privilegiar o marketing de relacionamento e a imagem da marca, em detrimento de outras competências de comunicação, como forma de construir relacionamentos estáveis, fiéis e de longo prazo com seus clientes.

Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE) is one of the world's largest manufacturers of construction machines. Now they want to access a sustainability-focused mining field – urban mining. This study is to find a solution helping Volvo CE quickly access to urban mining with a Product-Service System (PSS) development concept. To do this, the authors completed surveys and several interviews with construction companies, to understand the user and customer needs. The authors also go through a functional analysis on a new prototype of their collaboration partner - Stanford University. The result of this thesis is a PSS concept for urban mining, developed with machine selection guidelines combined with Life Cycle Assessment, and Quality Function Deployment. Recommendations include: 1) Improve the communication between Volvo CE and their Customers. 2) Adding more visible services. 3) Adding multiple business solutions provide to customers. 4) Understanding relevant stakeholders in urban mining 5) Expand research on urban mining.

Background: An intermediate step towards fully autonomous construction equipment is “assisted tele-remote operation”. These sorts of operations imply that an operator remotely supports machines that has encountered a situation that autonomous systems onboard the construction machines (CM) cannot solve. Considering teleoperators are not required to continuously monitor the CM in an assisted tele-remote environment, multiple construction machines can be teleoperated simultaneously. For simplification, “assisted tele-remote operation” will now be referred to as “teleoperations”. Volvo Construction Equipment is currently exploring the possibility to teleoperate wheel loaders, articulated haulers, and excavators from a single platform. To do this, primary controls adapted for operating these machines are needed. The primary controls should be designed with the needs of a teleoperator in mind while taking functionality into account, which is needed when CM are both operated conventionally and in tele-remote applications. This procedure will be referred to as relevant primary controls. As the primary controls from three different CM-types are destined to be combined into one platform, the teleoperations platform will be referred to as “3-1 CM teleoperations platform”. The purpose of this thesis project was to propose a relevant solution to primary controls for a 3-1 CM teleoperations platform. To fulfil this purpose, the following two research questions (RQ) where formulated: • RQ1: What are the challenges for teleoperating construction equipment? • RQ2: What defines primary controls in a 3-1 CM teleoperations platform and how can the layout be improved? Method: Using interviews, observations, and literature as qualitative data collection methods, several insights where gained. A scenario for the CM was defined to define the situation in which the quantitative data collection method would be performed. Needs of current CM operators combined with teleoperators have been analysed and listed. Quantitative data has been collected and analysed to design the layout of the primary controls using the objective data as a basis. Result: The research questions were answered with the following results: • RQ1: Insights that resulted in several themes describing how teleoperations can be developed by looking at different challenges it can face. • RQ2: Specifications of the functions included in the new ‘primary controls’ based on CM functions from the company and from teleoperating experiences from several industries. An analysis on how often the functions for the new ‘primary controls’ were used, was carried out. The answers to the research questions were used as a basis to fulfil the purpose of this thesis project by proposing a conceptual solution for primary controls to a teleoperation’s platform for operating multiple CM. Conclusions: It was established that a 3-1 CM teleoperations platform can be developed towards certain CE-machine types. Moreover, additional analysis with experienced operators of each machine type are needed to improve and verify the most optimal layout of the primary controls and platform. Further research is still required to validate the answers to RQ1 and RQ2.

Master`s thesis solves technological processes rehabilitation of masonry reconstruction historically protected building. Describes the restoration of masonry using the electroosmotic system and by using helical reinforcement masonry of reinforcement, then it is also in this master`s thesis time and financial plan, site facilities and complementary features.

Byggbranschens resurs och energianvändning är en av de främsta orsakerna till global uppvärmningoch står i Sverige för 20% av de totala utsläppen under ett år. För att minska utsläppen frånbyggarbetsmaskiner kan bland annat energieffektivare maskiner användas på byggarbetsplatser.Examensarbetet har utförts på Skanska Rental i syfte att i framtiden kunna synliggöra utsläppen fråndessa maskiner. Detta genom att ta fram hur uppskattningar av utsläppen kan utföras, samt presenterasför kunder som hyr maskiner. I denna förstudie genomfördes en gruppintervju med kunder, enlitteraturgranskning av fem olika beräkningsmetoder samt två individuella intervjuer angåendedatainsamling. Gruppintervjun visade att kunder gärna vill ta del av hur mycket utsläpp en maskinproducerar, och att de med informationen kan fatta mer hållbara beslut än de gör idag.Litteraturgranskningen visade att alla fem beräkningsmetoder kan användas för att uppskattautsläppen i drift för en anläggningsmaskin, men att de har olika för- och nackdelar. Europeiskamiljöbyråns nivå tre beräkning anses vara bäst lämpad för Skanska Rental. Detta eftersom den utgårfrån en hög detaljnivå vilket ger möjlighet att jämföra specifika maskiner mot varandra. Den användersig även främst av information som är tillgänglig från tillverkare och standardvärden från EEAshandbok för utsläppsberäkningar (Winther & Dore, 2019). Den data som kan behöva samlas in ärtiden en maskin spenderar i drift samt vilket arbetsmoment maskinen utfört under den tiden. Detta kanöka träffsäkerheten av uppskattningen, eftersom mer representativa belastningsfaktorer kan användasför maskinens arbetstid. I de individuella intervjuerna lyfts bland annat sensorer som ett alternativ tillatt samla den typen av data. Avslutningsvis uppmuntras tillverkare att ta fram livscykelanalyser avsina maskiner, samt att fler studier utförs med livscykelperspektivet inkluderat. Detta eftersomelektriska maskiner identifierats som en framtida utveckling inom branschen. / The construction industry's use of resources and energy is one of the main causes of global warming,and is responsible for 20% of Sweden's annual emissions. In order to reduce the emissions fromconstruction equipment, more energy efficient equipment can be used on construction sites. Thisbachelor's thesis was carried out at Skanska Rental in the purpose of, in the future, being able to showthe emissions of their products. This work was done to find out how emissions from constructionequipment can be estimated and presented to customers. In this prestudy, one group interview withcustomers was conducted, as well as a literature review of five different calculation methods foremissions, and two individual interviews regarding data collection. The group interview showed thatcustomers would like to know how much emissions the equipment produces, and that their sustainabledecision making can improve with that information. The literature review showed that all fivecalculation methods can be used to estimate the emissions, but that they have different pros and cons.The European environment agency’s tier 3 calculation is seen as the best suited for Skanska rental.The main reason for this is the high level of detail, which allows specific equipment to be compared toeach other. The method mainly uses information which can be acquired from manufacturers andstandard values from the EEA handbook for calculating emissions (Winther & Dore, 2019). The datawhich might need to be collected is the operating time of the equipment, and what work is being doneduring that time. This can be used to increase the accuracy of the estimate, since more representativeload factors can be used for the operating time of the equipment. In the individual interviews, sensorsare brought up as an alternative for gathering this data. Finally, more studies are encouraged to becarried out with the life cycle perspective included, and that manufacturers should produce life cycleanalyses of their equipment. This is because electric equipment has been identified as a futuredevelopment within the field.

The automotive industry has seen an uprise in autonomous vehicles that will change the operators’ work environment. Volvo Autonomous Solutions aims to create a seamless user experience with environmentally and socially sustainable solutions. The vehicles should operate fully autonomously, but scenarios will emerge where remote operation is required. The master thesis aims to identify the requirements for the interaction between human and autonomous vehicles, and develop an interaction solution for remote operation. The study focused on safety, perception, situation awareness, and user experience. The subject was analyzed using user studies, literature reviews, and benchmarking. Twenty people participated in interviews, and a key user was identified, together with four human intervention scenarios. The data resulted in a list of general insights, which developed into requirements for designing remote operation interactions. An exploration of solutions for human-machine interaction was iterated and evaluated by 31 participants. The final recommendation included a requirements list for the design of the interaction with remote operation and a proposed interaction concept, illustrating a design proposal to meet these requirements. The study identified the following aspects to consider when developing an interaction solution for remote control of autonomous vehicles: Navigation, Steering, and Acceleration, Safety, and Perception and Situation Awareness. The final concept for remote operation interaction consisted of a rotational motion, a lever motion, and a digital touch display. / Fordonsindustrin har sett ett enormt lyft inom autonoma fordon, vilket kommer påverka operatörernas arbetsmiljö och sätt att arbeta. Volvo Autonomous Solutions har som mål att skapa en problemfri användarupplevelse och hållbara lösningar. Målet är att fordonen ska fungera autonomt, men det kommer alltid uppstå scenarier där fjärrstyrning kommer krävas. Syftet med examensarbetet är att identifiera kraven för interaktionen mellan människa och autonomt fordon, samt att utveckla en interaktionslösning för fjärrstyrning. Studierna fokuserade på aspekter inom säkerhet, perception, situationsmedvetenhet och användarupplevelse. Ett flertal användarstudier, genomgång av befintlig litteratur, benchmarking, samt identifiering och undersökning av olika scenarier genomfördes. 20 personer intervjuades och en nyckelanvändare samt fyra scenarier för mänskligt ingripande identifierades. Resultaten gav allmänna insikter, vilka utvecklades till en kravlista för design av en interaktionslösning för fjärrstyrning. Vidare utforskades lösningar för människa-maskin interaktion där fyra koncept itererades och utvärderades av 31 deltagare. Slutligen presenterades en rekommendation och kravspecifikation för utformningen av interaktionen, samt ett interaktionskoncept för design av fjärrstyrningsinteraktion enligt uppställda krav. Studien identifierade följande aspekter att ta hänsyn till vid utveckling av en interaktionslösning för fjärrstyrning av autonoma fordon: Navigation, Styrning och Acceleration, Säkerhet och Perception och Situationsmedvetenhet. Det slutliga konceptet till fjärrstyrningsinteraktion bestod av en rotationsrörelse, en spak-rörelse och en digital display.

Abstract  Date: 2023-05-30 Level: Master thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr  Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University  Authors: Ramak Amyari Khamneh (84/01/29), Aymen Safi (00/03/27) Title: Artificial Intelligence as a Catalyst for Supply Chain Resilience: A Qualitative Study Comparing Scania and Volvo in the Construction Equipment Industry Supervisor: Emre Yildiz Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Supply Chain Resilience, Construction Equipment Industry, Disruptions, Agility, Redundancy Research question: How do Scania and Volvo interpret and implement Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to enhance supply chain resilience and mitigate disruptions in the construction equipment industry? Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate how Scania and Volvo interpret and implement AI technologies to enhance supply chain resilience and mitigate disruptions in the construction equipment industry. Method: Qualitative Conclusion: The conclusion of the master thesis is that Scania and Volvo have successfully implemented AI technologies to enhance supply chain resilience in the construction equipment industry, despite challenges, and see AI as a critical component for future supply chain strategies.

Construction equipment manufacturers want to reduce the downtime of their equipment by moving from the typical reactive maintenance to a predictive maintenance approach. They would like to define a method to predict the failure of the construction equipment ahead of time by leveraging the real- world data that is being logged by their vehicles. This data is logged as general event data and specific sensor data belonging to different components of the vehicle. For the scope of this study, the focus is on articulated hauler vehicles with engine as the specific component under observation. In the study, extensive time and resources are spent on preparing both the real- world data sources and coming up with methods such that both data sources are ready for predictive maintenance and can also be merged together. The prepared data is used to build respective remaining useful life machine learning models which classify whether there will be a failure in the next x days. These models are built using data from two different approaches namely, lead data shift and resampling approach respectively. Three different experiments are carried out for both of these approaches using three different combinations of data namely event log only, engine sensor log only, event and sensor log combined. All these experiments have an increasing look ahead window size of how far into the future we would like to predict the failure. The results of these experiments are evaluated in relation to which is the best approach, data combination, and window size to foresee engine failures. The model performance is primarily distinguished by the F- Score and Area under Precision- Recall Curve. / Tillverkare av anläggningsutrustning vill minska stilleståndstiden för sin utrustning genom att övergå från det typiska reaktiva underhållet till ett förebyggande underhåll. De vill definiera en metod för att förutse fel på byggutrustningen i förväg genom att utnyttja de verkliga data som loggas av fordonen. Dessa data loggas som allmänna händelsedata och specifika sensordata som tillhör olika komponenter i fordonet. I den här studien ligger fokus på ledade dragfordon med motorn som den specifika komponent som observeras. I studien läggs mycket tid och resurser på att förbereda båda datakällorna i den verkliga världen och att ta fram metoder så att båda datakällorna är redo för förebyggande underhåll och kan slås samman. De förberedda uppgifterna används för att bygga maskininlärnings modeller för återstående livslängd som klassificerar om det kommer att ske ett fel inom de närmaste x dagarna. Modellerna byggs upp med hjälp av data från två olika metoder, nämligen lead data shift och resampling approach. Tre olika experiment utförs för båda dessa metoder med tre olika kombinationer av data, nämligen endast händelselogg, endast motorsensorlogg och kombinerad händelselogg och sensorlogg. Alla dessa experiment har en ökande fönsterstorlek för hur långt in i framtiden vi vill förutsäga felet. Resultaten av dessa experiment utvärderas med avseende på vilket tillvägagångssätt, vilken datakombination och vilken fönsterstorlek som är bäst för att förutse motorhaverier. Modellens prestanda bedöms i första hand med hjälp av F- poäng och arean under Precision- Recall- kurvan.

The transition towards sustainable energy in the construction machinery sector is gaining momentum due to the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and operational costs. Despite the benefits of electric construction machinery, challenges such as high initial investment costs, infrastructure requirements, and the practicality of battery swapping systems hinder widespread adoption. Understanding the economic feasibility and practical implications of implementing battery swapping in different construction scenarios is crucial for facilitating this transition. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by conducting a detailed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis for various energy sources —diesel, built-in batteries, and battery swapping systems — in two distinct construction settings: Big Quarry and Small Construction site. It provides a comparative evaluation of these options, highlighting the economic and environmental benefits of battery swapping. A comprehensive TCO analysis was performed, encompassing costs related to machine purchase, fuel/electricity consumption, maintenance, and infrastructure. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify critical cost drivers and assess the impact of fluctuating fuel and battery prices on the overall cost-effectiveness of each energy solution.  The findings indicate that battery swapping is the most cost-effective option across both construction sites, offering substantial savings compared to diesel and built-in batteries. Sensitivity analyses further showed that even with increased battery costs, electric machinery maintained stable economic performance, underscoring its viability as a sustainable alternative.