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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

動態信用風險與PBJD模型下之可轉債評價 / Pricing Convertible Bonds under Dynamic Credit Risk and Pareto-Beta Jump-Diffusion Model

姚博文 Unknown Date (has links)
可轉換公司債是一種複雜且擁有許多風險的商品,而對於台灣的可轉債市場來說,信用風險佔了評價裡很重要的一部份。本篇論文使用縮減式評價模型,考慮信用風險及股價跳躍。跳躍模型使用Pareto-Beta Jump-Diffusion模型,並且利用信用價差之動態過程,來對可轉換公司債作評價,而為了解決提前轉換的問題,也使用了最小平方蒙地卡羅法來處理。本篇論文分別對宏碁與新光金之可轉債做實證研究,實證結果顯示,加入了股價跳躍之後,的確可以使理論價格更貼近市場真實價格。
32

從預期轉換期間觀點探討宣告與發行可轉換公司債對公司股價的影響--台灣的實證分析 / Discussion on the impacts of convertible bonds annoucements and issues on the stock prices from time to expected conversion - an empirical analysis on Taiwan

張正中, Chang, Morris Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討上市公司宣告發行與正式發行可轉換公司債對於股價報酬率的影響,並配合預期轉換期間觀點的介紹,探討可轉換公司債內含的債卷與權益性質是否影響發行的股價表現. 本研究取樣民國79年至87年2月在臺灣證卷交易所上市的國內可轉換公司債為研究對象,共有69個樣本,分別針對宣告日與發行日前後20個交易日進行異常報酬分析,並且以異常報酬為應變數,預期轉換期間和其他控制變數為自變數進行多元迴歸分析,得到以下的結論:1.臺灣企業發行的可轉換公司債普遍為權益型的可轉換公司債,轉換 期間較短,權益性質較強,因此宣告時股價表現與權益型證卷較類似 ,股價有負面反應.2.預期轉換期間的長短和發行時異常報酬有顯著正向關係,表示預期轉 期間愈長,權益性質愈強,發行時股價表現榆.3.股價報酬率波動度和發行時異常報酬有顯著負向關係,表示股價波動度愈大,內含選擇權的價值愈高,權益性質愈強,發行時股價表現愈差. / The research will analysis the impacts of average and cumulative abcdrmal returns of the underlying stocks of the convertible bonds ann-ouncements and issues by means of events study and GARCH model. And then, we introduce time to expected conversion, we can divide samples into bond-like and equity-like convertible bonds, and through the multipleregression analysis, whether or not there is abcdrmal returns because ofbond and equity characteristics embeded in the convertible bonds can thenbe determined. Our research will be conducted a convertible bonds set from TaiwanStock Exchange from 1990.4 to 1998.2, the empirical results shows that:1.The convertible bonds issued in Taiwan is usually equity-like, time to expected conversion is very short and equity characterisitcs is very strong, the underlying stock prices is smiliar to equity securities at the announcements of a new issuance and have a negative abcdrmal returns. 2.Time to expected conversion is significant positive to two-day period abcdrmal returns at the issuance day, this results shows that when this time is longer and is easier to converse, the convertible bonds is more equity-like and negative effects of the underlying stocks is larger. 3. The volatility of underlying stocks is significant negative relation to two-day period abcdrmal returns at the issuance day, this results shows that when this volatility of returns is larger and it can increase the value of the options embeded in the bonds, the convertible bonds is more equity-like and negative effects of the underlying stocks is larger.
33

臺灣地區轉換公司債溢價之實證研究:時間數列分析 / Premiums on Convertible Bonds in Taiwan Market:Empirical Analysis

賴玉分, Lai,Yu Fen Unknown Date (has links)
轉換公司債係指在一定條件下,能將該公司所發行的公司債,轉換為該公 司股票的金融債券,亦即轉換公司債兼具公司債和股票的雙重特性,因此 有必要對此一金融工具的評價方式進行了解。本研究之目的在於探討轉換 公司債之溢價理論,以及影響轉換公司債溢價之因素,並將其應用於臺灣 之轉換公司債,來分析其溢價行為,再建立轉換函數模型來估計與預測溢 價。本研究主要在於探討各個影響溢價因素對於溢價之影響,藉由整理 Brigham,Poensgen,Walter & Que,Weil、Segall & Green,Cretien , Duvel,Mumey,West & Largay 等學者之溢價理論,再衡量臺灣之轉 換公司債市場,而選取股價變動性變數、轉換權利期間變數、未來所得差 異變數、價格底限變數以及交易成本差異變數五個變數,為迴歸模式中的 自變數,而溢價則為因變數。本研究之資料分析程序為:一、對於所選取 的五個自變數和一個因變數,分別建立單元迴歸,且進行逐步迴歸。二、 對於自變數和因變數建立複迴歸模型,利用刪除變數方法來解決線性重合 。三、將所得到無線性重合的自變數群和因變數,建立複迴歸模型,對其 進行t 檢定、 F檢定、自我相關檢定及殘差常態性檢定,若誤差項存在自 我相關,則建立時間數列方法中之轉換函數模型。四、利用轉換函數模型 將投入變數與產出變數,以一個動態體系相連結,經由轉換函數模型之認 定、估計、診斷性檢查之後,建立出一個最適模型,來對於溢價進行估計 與預測。本研究之研究對象為聲寶一及歌林一兩家轉換公司債,研究期間 為民國八十一年二月二十四日至民國八十三年五月一日,共114 週,而研 究結論為:一、聲寶一轉換公司債在對於溢價之單元迴歸中,轉換期間、 未來所得差異及價格底限三個變數,對溢價有顯著影響。通過線性重合檢 定的複迴歸模型中,只有股價變動性及未來所得差異,對於溢價的係數顯 著,且係數符號為正值。在轉換函數模型方面,投入變數(未來所得差異 變數)是以(1,0,0) 的形式影響溢價,且證明出轉換函數模型的預測力較 單變量模型佳。二、歌林一轉換公司債在對於溢價之單元迴歸中,股價變 動性、轉換期間、未來所得差異、價格底限及交易成本差異,這五個變數 ,對溢價均有顯著影響。通過線性重合檢定的複迴歸模型中,只有價格底 限變數,對於溢價的係數顯著,且係數符號為負值。。在轉換函數模型方 面,投入變數(價格底限變數)是以(0,2,0) 的形式影響溢價,且證明出 轉換函數模型的預測力較單變量模型佳。
34

海外可轉換公司債發行訊息效果之研究 / Announcement Effects of European Convertible Bonds─Evidence From Taiwan

王琇瑩, Wang ,Hsiu-Ying Unknown Date (has links)
隨著台灣加入世界貿易組織(WTO)及國際資本市場進一步地整合,國際融資工具如海外存託憑證及海外可轉換公司債近年來備受企業的喜愛,成為企業進行海外市場擴張的一大利器。尤其近二、三年來台灣更掀起發行海外可轉換公司債的籌資風潮。本研究目的在了解此現象對公司價值的影響及市場投資人相關的反應。 本文針對1993至2001年間台灣上市、上櫃公司成功發行的61檔國內可轉換公司債及35檔海外可轉換公司債進行實證研究,主要結論如下: 1. 宣告發行時的訊息效果方面,ECB發行公司不論是宣告發行前後一週或二週的股價累積異常報酬都顯著為正,但CB發行公司卻不然,前者優於後者。 2. 發行海外可轉換公司債及國內可轉換公債發行公司特性差異方面,不論是二獨立樣本T檢定、Mann-Whitney U 檢定及Logistic檢定,結論皆一致:公司規模愈大,轉換溢價幅度愈高、市場利率差愈高的公司愈易傾向發行海外可轉換公司債。此外,二種發行公司發行前的營運績效並無顯著不同。 3. ECB和CB宣告發行時價格效果的不同,和「與國內籌資相比,發行海外可轉換公司債有較高的融資空間」的假設無關,融資空間假設不成立;但和「與國內籌資相比,發行海外可轉換公司債的融資成本較低」的假設有關,融資成本假設成立。 4. 投資人對公司轉換溢價隱含的對未來股價成長的信心及未來資金成本的降低才是解釋宣告發行時價格效果的因子。 5. 投資人給予海外可轉換公司債相對較高的短期價格反應確實表現在海外可轉換公司債發行公司長期較佳的營運績效上。 / With Taiwan’s entrance to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and further integration among international capital markets, international financing tools, such as Global Depositary Receipt (GDR) and European Convertible Bond (ECB) have become popular. For the past few years especially, companies in Taiwan have heavily used ECB as their leading financing tools. This study focuses on how investors in Taiwan response to the issue of ECB and CB. Using 61 CB and 35 ECB samples from Taiwan companies during 1993 and 2001, this study comes to the conclusions as follows: 1. Companies that issue ECB have higher announcement effects than companies that issue CB. 2. Companies with larger size, higher conversion premiums, and higher interest spreads tend to issue ECB instead of CB. There is no significant difference between the pre-issue performance between ECB and CB companies. 3. The hypothesis that “ECB companies have higher debt capacities than CB companies” is not verified. However, the hypothesis that “ECB companies have lower cost of capital than CB companies” is supported. 4. The conversion premium that signals companies’ confidence for the stock price and lower cost of capital in the future is the main factor to explain the announcement effects of ECB and CB. 5. In comparison to CB companies, ECB companies have better post-issue performance which can be supported by their better announcement effects.
35

考慮信用風險之可轉債評價研究

劉昶輝 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文將信用風險模型CreditGrades model延伸至可轉債評價。相對 Hung and Wang (2002) 與 Chambers and Lu (2007), 本文信用風險模型的設定較有經濟意涵。除了結構式模型(structural models) 本身就比縮減式模型 (reduced-form models) 較具經濟意涵外, 本文模型在股價愈低時, 發生違約的機率愈高, 與在真實世界公司股價愈低愈有可能發生違約的現象一致。但是 Hung and Wang (2002) 與Chambers and Lu (2007) 的設定隱含假設公司股價高低於皆不影響違約發生機率。Ayache, Forsyth and Vetzal (2003) 雖然將違約強度設定為股價的遞減函數, 試圖捕捉股價愈低違約機率愈高的現象。卻沒有說明如何估計該設定的參數。本文模型的參數校準容易而且快速。 / 本研究選用最小平方蒙地卡羅法(Least Square Monte Carlo, LSM) 進行評價。相對於樹狀法與有限差分法, 蒙地卡羅法能夠輕易評價具有路徑相依性質條款的可轉債。此外, 未來如果需要新增其它隨機因子, 比起樹狀法與有限差分法更有彈性。蒙地卡羅法的缺點為評價時間冗長, 本文以準隨機亂數(quasi-random sequences) 輔助, 縮短評價時間。 / 本文有以下發現:考慮信用風險的模型價格比起未考慮信用風險更接近市場價格; 可轉債對波動度較不敏感, 與Brennan and Schwartz (1988) 的觀察一致; 股價波動度愈大會使得可轉債價值提高, 但具有贖回條款的可轉債, 提高幅度不如沒有贖回條款的可轉債; 加入賣回條款的可轉債對利率較不敏感, 利率上升會降低可轉債的價值, 但具有賣回條款的可轉債, 下跌幅度小於沒有賣回條款的可轉債。
36

公司治理、盈餘管理與可轉換公司債發行後長期績效之研究 / Corporate governance, earnings management and the long-run performance of convertible bond issuers

林士韡 Unknown Date (has links)
可轉債近年來已成為我國公司進行籌資活動時的主要工具之一,但可轉債的宣告效果多被市場視為不利的消息,發行後之長期績效也呈現持續惡化的趨勢,除了市場反應不足外,發行公司進行盈餘管理亦為重要的影響因素之一;公司於可轉債發行前利用盈餘管理的方式提升績效,將造成發行後產生盈餘反轉的效果,因而使得長期營運績效與股價表現不佳。而操弄盈餘的行為在較嚴格的監督機制與完善的內部治理制度下,能夠因為外部約束的力量以及公司內部的自律機制而有所減緩,故進一步利用公司治理變數檢視對盈餘管理的影響,並探討國內可轉債與海外可轉債兩者間因為投資人區隔、發行市場差異的影響,對於其盈餘管理以及發行後長期績效的影響。 本研究之主要之實證結果如下: 1. 可轉債發行之宣告效果皆為負向,但海外可轉債之異常報酬率的惡化程度不如國內可轉債來的嚴重,其發行之訊號效果優於國內可轉債;長期而言,不論國內可轉債或海外可轉債發行後之長期股價報酬皆為顯著的負值,於發行後三年內皆呈現持續惡化的情形,與先前相關文獻之結果一致。 2. 國內可轉債與海外可轉債發行前夕公司皆有刻意進行盈餘管理的行為,並於發行後發生盈餘反轉使得公司營運績效下滑;利用多元迴歸分析觀察盈餘管理對長期績效的影響,發現公司於可轉債發行前進行盈餘管理對其發行後之長期績效有顯著的不良影響,而海外可轉債發行公司由於受到外國規章監督,其進行盈餘管理將受到更為嚴重的處罰,導致股價下跌的幅度較大。 3. 進一步以多元迴歸分析檢視公司治理對於盈餘管理的影響,發現當發行公司的治理制度越佳,代理問題越小時,較不會在可轉債發行前進行盈餘管理來欺瞞投資人;而可轉債發行地點亦為影響盈餘管理程度的另一項因素,當可轉債為海外發行時,發行公司進行盈餘管理的幅度顯著小於國內發行的公司。
37

台灣上市上櫃公司發行可轉換債券之存活分析研究 / Survival analysis for convertible bonds of listed companies in Taiwan

戴誠蔚 Unknown Date (has links)
可轉換公司債為複合式證券,除了具有債券性質外,並給予持有者於債券流通期間內行使轉換為股票之權利。以存活分析方法探討可轉債之研究尚屬少見,本論文乃以台灣上市櫃公司發行之5年期可轉債為研究資料,先整理出與公司經營有關的變數,再分別以Cox模式與再發事件之兩種邊際模型(marginal model):A-G (Anderson-Gill) 模式、PWP-TT (Prentice-Williams-Petersen)模式為研究分析方法,探討可轉債之流通時間及大量交易時間的問題。本論文並將可轉債分類為債券類型、混合類型和權益類型,且由於不同類型可轉債之流通時間有所差異,因此以其為分層條件加入模式中進行分析。研究結果發現,資產總額、總負債率、TCRI評等及董監持股率等變數,具有顯著解釋可轉債流通時間的能力,可見公司財務負債狀況與穩定性與流通期間有關;而最高差價(當月最高股價與轉換價之相對差價)、長期負債率、總負債率及股價報酬率等變數,則可顯著解釋大量交易的發生時間,表示公司財務負債狀況與股價利潤差與大量交易發生之快慢有關,其中資產總額、最高差價、TCRI評等及股價報酬率之係數均顯著為正,長期負債率、總負債率及董監持股率之係數則顯著為負。由於平均表現之存活曲線與經驗存活曲線相當接近,以Kolmogorov-Smirnov檢定多無顯著差異,顯示這些模式有不錯的配適能力;至於對個別公司估計出之存活曲線,則或有與經驗存活曲線相差較多的現象,顯示所建立的模式可對個別公司提供可轉債即將結束流通或發生大量交易之預警。 / Convertible bonds are hybrid securities that possess the properties of bonds and the right to convert bonds into shocks. Few articles employed survival analysis to analyze the characteristics of convertible bonds. To investigate the effects of the issuer’s financial information to the duration of circulation and the timing of the massive trading about convertible bonds, Taiwan’s 5-year convertible bonds were collected, and three methods of survival analysis were employed:Cox model、A-G (Anderson-Gill) model and PWP-TT(Prentice-Williams-Petersen) model. We classified convertible bonds as debt-like, equity-like, and hedge-like, and then make the classification as a stratification condition later. In summary, total Assets, total debt ratio, TCRI, and the proportion of holding share in supervisors and directors are significant variables on circulation period of convertible bonds. Apparently, the extent of debt and financial stability of issuers have significant effects on circulation period; the difference between stock price and conversion price, long-term debt ratio, total debt ratio and stock return rate contribute significantly on the timing of massive trading of convertible bonds. While the extent of debt and the return of stock hasten the hazard of the timing of massive trading. Furthermore, there are no significant differences between the survival curves evaluated at the average performance levels and the corresponding empirical survival curves, according to the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. However, the differences between individual survival probabilities and overall empirical survival probabilities might be large, which indicates that the models incorporate companies’ performance overtime may provide a warning message for the termination of circulation or the timing of massive trading for a particular convertible bond.
38

可轉換公司債為負債或權益之研究 / Financial reporting for convertible bonds: liabilities or equity?

張肇文, Jhang, Jhao Wun Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以普通股風險與可轉換公司債之關係,探討我國企業所發行之國內可轉換公司債的經濟實質究竟為負債抑或權益。根據本研究結果,普通股風險與可轉換公司債呈負相關,顯示我國資本市場將我國企業所發行之國內可轉換公司債視為權益。本研究另將可轉換公司債依其契約中之轉換價格重設條款進行分類,研究結果顯示,我國資本市場將僅具反稀釋之轉換價格重設條款之可轉換公司債與同時具備反稀釋之轉換價格重設條款、轉換價格普通重設條款及轉換價格特別重設條款之可轉換公司債視作為權益。此外,轉換價格特別重設條款將使可轉換公司債更具權益之性質。本研究額外測試擔保條款之有無,是否會對於可轉換公司債之性質造成影響。研究結果顯示,可轉換公司債無論是否具備擔保條款,其性質皆為權益,而有擔保之可轉換公司債較無擔保之可轉換公司債更具權益之性質。 / This study seeks to determine whether the economic substance of convertible bonds is liabilities or equity. Our test focuses on how the convertible bonds relate to firms’ common equity risk. It is found that common equity risk is negatively associated with convertible bonds, indicating Taiwanese capital market regards convertible bonds as equity. Furthermore, this study divides convertible bonds into three different types depending on the reset clause of conversion price. It is found that Taiwanese capital market regards convertible bonds with the anti-diluted reset clause of conversion price and convertible bonds with the anti-diluted, regular, and special reset clause of conversion price as equity. Besides, it is found that the special reset clause of conversion price may make the economic substance of convertible bonds more equity-like. This study also tests whether guarantee clause effects the economic substance of convertible bonds. It is found that whether convertible bonds are guaranteed, Taiwanese capital market regards convertible bonds as equity. Moreover, compared with convertible bonds without guarantee clause, those with guarantee clause are relatively equity-like.
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由評價誤差與成長機會比較可轉債與現金增資發行動機、宣告效果及資金運用 / The Issuance Motivation, Announcement Effect and Use of Funds of Convertible Bond and SEO: Evidence from the Perspective of Mispricing and Growth Opportunity

顧哲維, Ku, Che Wei Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討台灣上市櫃公司發行可轉債及現金增資的決策議題。從發行公司的角度來看,利用錯誤評價及成長機會,同時輔以一些公司特徵變數以了解發行動機。後續並追蹤發行公司發行後資金運用情形,以了解發行公司發行動機及目的是否一致。另一方面,從投資人角度來看,觀察可轉債及現金增資公司宣告效果,並由後續資金配置驗證宣告效果之可靠性。 本研究採用Rhodes-Kropf, Robinson and Viswanathan(2005)提出的方法,將市值帳面比(M/B)拆解成錯誤評價與成長機會。以2001年至2011年台灣上市上櫃公司發行可轉債或現金增資為研究對象,發現無論是可轉債或現金增資,發行公司發行前錯誤評價及成長機會皆顯著較未發行公司高。接著,利用logit模型,發現可轉債發行公司之成長機會及代理問題為其主要發行動機,而現金增資公司則利用資訊不對稱擇時與調整資本結構為發行考量。本文進一步檢視發行後資金配置情況,發現成長機會越高之可轉債,後續資金用途顯著投資於資本支出與研發費用上,符合實質投資理論之觀點。另一方面,錯誤評價越高之現金增資,在前兩年有累積現金之現象,但不用於償還長期負債,且顯著運用於資本支出與研發費用上,僅部分符合行為理論之解釋。因此,本研究歸納現金增資公司發行動機除擇時外,亦有投資需求。最後,在宣告效果上,可轉債與現金增資均呈現負向宣告效果,且投資人給予現金增資較為負向的宣告效果,本文認為此乃投資人意識到公司利用資訊不對稱擇時,且後續資金配置不完全符合行為理論的預期造成的結果。 / This study examines the issuance of convertible bonds (CBs) and seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) for listed companies in TSE and OTC market in Taiwan. From the aspects of issuers, we use mispricing and growth opportunities along with other firm characteristics to understand the motivation of the issuance. We also track the use of post-issue proceeds and relate to the motivations of issuers. From the aspects of investors, we look at the announcement effects to examine appropriateness. We decompose market-to-book ratios into mispricing and growth option components through a methodology proposed by Rhodes-Kropf, Robinson and Viswanathan (2005). By using the samples of CB and SEO issuance between 2001 and 2011, we find that issuing firms of both types are overvalued and have greater growth opportunities relative to non-issuers. Next, we find that CB issuers show greater pre-issue growth opportunities and agency problems, while SEO issuers have greater pre-issue mispricing and tend to adjust capital structure implied by logit model. Furthermore, we examine the post-issue use of proceeds. For CB, firms with greater growth opportunities invest more in capital expenditures and R&D, consistent with real investment explanations. On the other hand, for SEO, firms with greater mispricing stockpile cash in the first two years but don’t pay down long-term debt. They also invest in capital expenditures and R&D. Thus, we conclude that the motivation of SEO firms might be timing and investment needs, partly consistent with behavioral explanations. Finally, the announcement effect of SEO is more negative than CB. Judging from the evidence above, it seems that investors know something.
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兩段迴歸結合蒙地卡羅模擬對可轉債定價之研究 / Pricing Convertible Bonds by Piecewise Regression and Monte Carlo Simulation

董恆元, Tung, Heng Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
可轉換公司債兼具了選擇權以及債券的性質,價值又會受到股價之影響,以傳統的方法定價十分不易。由於蒙地卡羅模擬能解決定價問題上狀態變數或許為多維度及路徑相依的問題,Kind 與Wilde 在2004 年提出以蒙地卡羅模擬對可轉債定價,且以最小平方迴歸法估計繼續持有價值,並在僅考慮轉換及還本兩種選擇權及沒有違約風險之下,以數值範例呈現單一迴歸模式無法適當估計繼續持有價值。然而,他們並未進行實證。本研究乃以民國99 年台灣發行的可轉債為研究對象,除考慮發行時的合約條件外,另加上信用評等的考量以將違約機率透過現金流量套入定價過程中,並分別以兩段迴歸及單一迴歸估計繼續持有價值以結合蒙地卡羅模擬,實證結果顯示就可轉債之起始定價的偏差比而言,兩段迴歸得到的結果優於單一迴歸。惟在兩段迴歸之下,超過八成的可轉債其模擬價格依然高於市場價格。實證結果也顯示價性(moneyness)及擔保狀況與定價的偏差有關。 / Convertible bonds (CBs) possess features of both bonds and options, and their prices are affected by the underlying stocks, which make the pricing problem an uneasy task for traditional methods. Since Monte Carlo simulation can handle the problems of path-dependence and multivariate dimensions faced by pricing, Kind and Wilde (2004) suggested to price CBs via least-squares Monte Carlo simulations (LSM), which estimate the continuation values by least squares regression. They also demonstrated that a single regression line could not appropriately estimate the continuation value even only conversion and redemption were allowed and the CB was free of default. So the idea of piecewise regression was recommended to improve the estimation process. However, they didn’t apply piecewise regression to real data. Therefore, piecewise regression together with Monte Carlo simulation were employed to investigate the pricing issue of Taiwan’s CBs. CBs issued on 2010 were selected, besides reviewing the contents of CB’s contracts, default risks based on credit ratings were taken into account to evaluate the discounted cash flows in the pricing procedure. Comparing the estimated model prices of LSM with initial selling prices, the mispricing rates of single regression model and piecewise regression model were obtained for further analysis. Result shows that the modified piecewise regression method performs better in mispricing rate. However, similar to previous findings, 80% of the estimated model prices based on piecewise regressions are still higher than market prices. It also shows that moneyness and guaranteed condition will relate to mispricing rate.

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