Магистерская диссертация выполнена на 106 страницах, состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы из 60 наименований, содержит 6 рисунков, 15 таблиц, имеет 8 приложений. Объект исследования: совладающее поведение. Предмет исследования: компоненты совладающего поведения (копинг-стратегии, механизмы психологической защиты, проактивное совладающее поведение, антиципационная состоятельность) у молодежи с депрессивными состояниями и без них. Актуальность изучения проблемы совладающего поведения подтверждается возросшей потребностью в самоопределении, самоактуализации и построении планов на будущее у современного человека. В этом отношении научный интерес представляют те люди, для кого свойственны депрессивные состояния, поскольку при проживании жизненных трудностей они более подвержены их деструктивному влиянию. В работе совладающее поведение рассматривается как психологическое явление, включающее копинг-стратегии, психологические защиты, антиципационную состоятельность личности – рассмотрению этих феноменов посвящен первый раздел. С целью исследования совладающего поведения у молодежи с депрессивными состояниями и без них было привлечено 60 человек (8 мужчин и 52 женщины) в возрасте от 21 до 35 лет (средний возраст – 28 лет). По результатам психологической диагностики проводился описательный и сравнительный анализ полученных результатов. У молодежи с депрессивными состояниями более выражены стратегии дистанцирования, принятия ответственности, бегства-избегания, а также такие психологические защиты, как регрессия, компенсация, проекция. Личностно-ситуативная и общая антиципационная состоятельность более характерна для молодых людей с умеренно выраженными депрессивными симптомами. В целом, исследование показало, что молодежь с депрессивными состояниями чаще, чем молодые люди, у которых данные проявления отсутствуют, использует дезадаптивные стратегии совладающего поведения. / The master’s thesis is made on 106 pages, consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references from 60 titles, contains 6 figures, 15 tables, has 8 appendices. The object of research: coping behavior. Subject of research: components of coping behavior (coping strategies, psychological defense mechanisms, proactive coping behavior, anticipatory competence) in young people with and without depressive conditions. The relevance of studying the problem of coping behavior is confirmed by the increased need for self-determination, self-actualization and making plans for the future in modern people. In this regard, those who are characterized by depressive states are of scientific interest, since when living through life’s difficulties they are more susceptible to their destructive influence. In the work, coping behavior is considered as a psychological phenomenon, including coping strategies, psychological defenses, and the anticipatory competence of the individual – discussed in the first section. In order to study coping behavior in young people with and without depressive conditions, 60 people (8 men and 52 women) aged from 21 to 35 years (average age – 28 years) were recruited. Based on the results of psychological diagnostics, a descriptive and comparative analysis of the results was carried out. Young people with depressive conditions have more pronounced strategies of distancing, taking responsibility, flight-avoidance, as well as such psychological defenses as regression, compensation, projection. Personal-situational and general anticipatory competence is more typical for young people with moderately severe depressive symptoms. The study showed that young people with depression are more likely to use maladaptive coping strategies.

M.A. / This research aimed to design and develop an intervention that would maximise the coping resources of doctors working with trauma patients at Johannesburg General Hospital. Intervention Research methodology was used in order to achieve this objective. The study was divided in to three phases, namely, Diagnosis, Feedback and Discussion and Evaluation. The initial intervention comprised the Diagnostic as well as the Feedback and Discussion phase. The findings from the Diagnostic phase suggested that the doctors who had been working in the unit for less than three months, as well as the doctors who had less than four years medical practice experience, were most likely to show areas of vulnerability. This vulnerability related to their under-use of coping resources accompanied by elevated negative mood states, as identified by the Coping Resource Inventory and the Profile of Mood States questionnaire respectively. Other groups of doctors that shared this vulnerability included interns, medical officers, females and single doctors. The Feedback and Discussion phase brought to light themes relating to the stressors that the doctors’ experience in their work context. These themes along with the results of the Evaluation phase where used in order to re-design the Intervention for future use with doctors working with trauma patients. The findings from the Evaluation phase also confirmed that the doctors found the intervention to be beneficial.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-01T12:12:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valéria Dini Leite.pdf: 3182276 bytes, checksum: 608d02b87f62f27952d7e8fb7d37485d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T12:12:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valéria Dini Leite.pdf: 3182276 bytes, checksum: 608d02b87f62f27952d7e8fb7d37485d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Spinal cord injury represents a serious life condition, which leads an individual to live important physical and psychological changes in the personal, familiar, social and occupational life. The aim of this study was to verify the relations between coping and resilience in individuals with spinal cord traumatic injuries and to observe their conceptions and ways of being in the world, through a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic and clinic data, the Resilience Scale (WAGNILD; YOUNG, 1993) and the Brief-Cope Scale (CARVER; SCHEIER; WEINTRAUB, 1997) were applied to 30 individuals diagnosed with traumatic spinal cord injury, of both genders, literate, with ages between 18 and 45 years old, in rehabilitation treatment in a public hospital of São Paulo city. A semi-structured interview, elaborated by the author of this study and interpreted according to Bardin’s (2009) analysis of content and the Analytical Psychology’s approach, was held with four participants of the research. The goal of this instrument was to deep the analysis of the present study in qualitative way. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the majority of the participants presents medium resilience level (66,67%) and coping focused on problem’s solution (86,67%). It was found positive meaningful relation (p<0,05) between resilience and age, resilience and individuals with children and resilience and the sub-scales Active Coping and Positive Reinterpretation of Brief Coping Scale. It was found significance level (p < 0,01) between resilience and age, resilience and individuals with children (p < 0,05) and resilience and the sub-scale Positive Reinterpretation of Brief Coping Scale (p < 0,05). It was also found significance level (p < 0,05) between age and Active Coping and between passed time since the establishment of the spinal cord injury and Acceptance (p < 0,05), being these both sub-scales part of the Brief Coping Scale. The qualitative analysis of the interviews confirms the quantitative results. The findings validate the initial theoretical propositions of this study and indicate that a better resilience level predisposes a succeeded coping of the adversities provoked by spinal cord injury, helping the individual in the new life context / A lesão medular representa uma grave condição de vida, que leva o indivíduo a vivenciar importantes mudanças físicas e psicológicas em sua vida pessoal, familiar, social e ocupacional. Este estudo teve como objetivo, por meio de uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, verificar as relações existentes entre estratégias de enfrentamento e resiliência em indivíduos com lesão medular traumática e observar suas concepções e modos de estar no mundo. Em uma população de 30 indivíduos, com diagnóstico de lesão medular traumática, de ambos os sexos, alfabetizados, com idade entre 18 e 45 anos, em tratamento de reabilitação em um hospital público da grande São Paulo, foram aplicados um questionário para levantamento de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e as escalas Cope Breve, validada em 1997, (CARVER; SCHEIER; WEINTRAUB, 2010) e Resiliência (WAGNILD; YOUNG, 1993). Um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, elaborado pela autora e interpretado segundo o método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2009) e o referencial teórico da Psicologia Analítica, foi utilizado com quatro indivíduos da amostra. Esse instrumento teve como objetivo aprofundar qualitativamente o presente estudo. A análise estatística dos dados revelou que a grande maioria da amostra apresenta nível médio de resiliência (66,67%) e enfrentamento focado na resolução de problemas (86,67%). Encontrou-se relação positiva significativa (p < 0,01) entre resiliência e idade, resiliência e indivíduos com filhos (p < 0,05) e resiliência e a subescala Reinterpretação Positiva da Escala Cope Breve (p < 0,05). Verificou-se também relação positiva significativa (p < 0,05) entre idade e Coping Ativo e tempo de instalação da lesão medular e Aceitação (p < 0,05), ambas subescalas da Escala Cope Breve. A análise qualitativa das entrevistas ratifica os resultados quantitativos encontrados. Os achados validam as proposições teóricas iniciais deste estudo e indicam que um melhor nível de resiliência predispõe a um enfrentamento bem-sucedido das adversidades provocadas pela lesão medular, favorecendo melhor adaptação ao novo contexto de vida do indivíduo

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-06T18:31:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valéria Dini Leite.pdf: 3270353 bytes, checksum: c8dbd2f031fb1e3aae9f6e8198bf951e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T18:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valéria Dini Leite.pdf: 3270353 bytes, checksum: c8dbd2f031fb1e3aae9f6e8198bf951e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-22 / Spinal cord injury represents a serious life condition, which leads an individual to live important physical and psychological changes in the personal, familiar, social and occupational life. The aim of this study was to verify the relations between coping and resilience in individuals with spinal cord traumatic injuries and to observe their conceptions and ways of being in the world, through a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic and clinic data, the Brief-Cope Scale, elaborated by Carver (1997) and adapted to Brazilian context by Brasileiro (2012); and the Resilience Scale, created by Wagnild and Young (1993) and adapted to Brazilian context by Pesce et al (2005), were applied to 30 individuals diagnosed with traumatic spinal cord injury, of both genders, literate, with ages between 18 and 45 years old, in rehabilitation treatment in a public hospital of São Paulo city. A semi-structured interview, elaborated by the author of this study and interpreted according to Bardin’s (2009) analysis of content and the Analytical Psychology’s approach, was held with four participants of the research. The goal of this instrument was to deep the analysis of the present study in qualitative way. The statistical analysis of the data showed that the majority of the participants presents medium resilience level (66,67%) and coping focused on problem’s solution (86,67%). It was found positive meaningful relation (p<0,05) between resilience and age, resilience and individuals with children and resilience and the sub-scales Active Coping and Positive Reinterpretation of Brief Coping Scale. It was found significance level (p < 0,01) between resilience and age, resilience and individuals with children (p < 0,05) and resilience and the sub-scale Positive Reinterpretation of Brief Coping Scale (p < 0,05). It was also found significance level (p < 0,05) between age and Active Coping and between passed time since the establishment of the spinal cord injury and Acceptance (p < 0,05), being these both sub-scales part of the Brief Coping Scale. The qualitative analysis of the interviews confirms the quantitative results. The findings validate the initial theoretical propositions of this study and indicate that a better resilience level predisposes a succeeded coping of the adversities provoked by spinal cord injury, helping the individual in the new life context / A lesão medular representa uma grave condição de vida, que leva o indivíduo a vivenciar importantes mudanças físicas e psicológicas em sua vida pessoal, familiar, social e ocupacional. Este estudo teve como objetivo, por meio de uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, verificar as relações existentes entre estratégias de enfrentamento e resiliência em indivíduos com lesão medular traumática e observar suas concepções e modos de estar no mundo. Em uma população de 30 indivíduos, com diagnóstico de lesão medular traumática, de ambos os sexos, alfabetizados, com idade entre 18 e 45 anos, em tratamento de reabilitação em um hospital público da grande São Paulo, foram aplicados um questionário para levantamento de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e as escalas Cope Breve, elaborada por Carver (1997) e adaptada para o Brasil por Brasileiro (2012); e Resiliência, criada por Wagnild e Young (1993) e adaptada para o Brasil por Pesce et al (2005). Um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, elaborado pela autora e interpretado segundo o método de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2009) e o referencial teórico da Psicologia Analítica, foi utilizado com quatro indivíduos da amostra. Esse instrumento teve como objetivo aprofundar qualitativamente o presente estudo. A análise estatística dos dados revelou que a grande maioria da amostra apresenta nível médio de resiliência (66,67%) e enfrentamento focado na resolução de problemas (86,67%). Encontrou-se relação positiva significativa (p < 0,01) entre resiliência e idade, resiliência e indivíduos com filhos (p < 0,05) e resiliência e a subescala Reinterpretação Positiva da Escala Cope Breve (p < 0,05). Verificou-se também relação positiva significativa (p < 0,05) entre idade e Coping Ativo e tempo de instalação da lesão medular e Aceitação (p < 0,05), ambas subescalas da Escala Cope Breve. A análise qualitativa das entrevistas ratifica os resultados quantitativos encontrados. Os achados validam as proposições teóricas iniciais deste estudo e indicam que um melhor nível de resiliência predispõe a um enfrentamento bem-sucedido das adversidades provocadas pela lesão medular, favorecendo melhor adaptação ao novo contexto de vida do indivíduo

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T17:32:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielacristinasampaiodebrito.pdf: 2183947 bytes, checksum: e75fd5f1014a855778baa41aa118c503 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-28T12:51:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielacristinasampaiodebrito.pdf: 2183947 bytes, checksum: e75fd5f1014a855778baa41aa118c503 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T12:51:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielacristinasampaiodebrito.pdf: 2183947 bytes, checksum: e75fd5f1014a855778baa41aa118c503 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-09 / A Doença Renal Crônica é um grave problema de saúde pública. Os tratamentos disponíveis não são curativos, mas sim substitutivos, sendo o transplante renal a modalidade que traz melhor qualidade de vida e maior sobrevida ao paciente. A aderência à terapia imunossupressora constitui-se ponto fundamental para os resultados do transplante. Aderência pode ser definida como o nível de coincidência entre o comportamento do paciente e as orientações dos profissionais de saúde. É influenciada por vários fatores, dentre eles os relacionados com o comportamento do paciente que são muito pouco estudados. O estresse e os padrões de enfrentamento ou coping fazem parte desse grupo. Acredita-se que o transplante, mesmo constituindo-se como a melhor terapêutica, acarreta diferentes fontes de estresse ao paciente. Coping é definido como as respostas cognitivas e comportamentais emitidas pelo indivíduo, para lidar com a situação desencadeadora do estresse, com o objetivo de reduzi-lo, amenizá-lo ou evitá-lo. Respostas eficazes resultam um ajustamento positivo ao estresse e minimizam o impacto deste na saúde mental e física do paciente. Intervenções sobre os estressores mais frequentes, assim como nos padrões de coping, podem contribuir para a manutenção da saúde mental geral do paciente transplantado, levando, consequentemente, a um processo adequado de aderência ao tratamento imunossupressor. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral avaliar a relação entre o estresse e os padrões de coping com a aderência ao tratamento imunossupressor após o transplante. Procuramos ainda identificar os principais ganhos/desafios percebidos pelos pacientes transplantados e as variáveis sociodemográficas/clínicas associadas ao estresse. Foi desenvolvido estudo transversal de caso controle, em que foram avaliados 25 pacientes transplantados renais previamente classificados como aderentes e 25 não aderentes, acompanhados no ambulatório do Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia. Como critérios de inclusão foram considerados: aceitação prévia em participar do estudo, idade mínima de 18 anos e ter mais de um ano de enxerto funcionante. O grau de aderência ao tratamento foi medido pelo instrumento adaptado e validado The Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale. O estresse e os padrões de coping foram avaliados pelo Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp e Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas, respectivamente. Uma entrevista semiestruturada foi conduzida com o objetivo de detectar os principais ganhos e situações estressoras relacionados ao transplante renal. A análise de frequência foi utilizada para avaliar as variáveis qualitativas e categóricas. As fases do estresse foram agrupadas em menos avançadas (alerta e resistência) e mais avançadas (quase exaustão e exaustão). Também agrupamos as categorias de coping em ativo e paliativo para análise. Os testes t de Student, Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado ou Teste de Fisher e regressão logística foram usados para comparar os grupos aderentes e não aderentes. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p≤0,05. A média de idade da nossa população foi de 44 ± 12,8 anos e a mediana de tempo de pós transplante de 71,8 (12-230) meses. O estresse foi prevalente em 50% da amostra. As categorias “Medo” e “Medicação” foram as questões mais estressantes. A não aderência foi associada às fases mais avançadas do estresse (OR 4,7, IC: 0,99-22,51, p < 0,05) e ao coping paliativo (OR 3,4, IC: 1,02-11,47, p < 0,05). O estresse foi significativamente associado ao sexo feminino (p=0,04), presença de comorbidades (p = 0,04) e coping não focalizado no problema (p < 0,0001). Concluímos que a presença de estresse, especialmente nas suas fases mais avançadas e os padrões de coping paliativo são associados com a não aderência à medicação imunossupressora após o transplante renal. Estes resultados reforçam que os aspectos psicológicos têm implicação na compreensão e manuseio de pacientes não aderentes após transplante. / Chronic Renal Failure is a serious public health problem. The available treatments are not curative, but rather substitutes and renal transplantation is the modality that brings better quality of life and longer survival. Adherence to immunosuppressant therapy constitutes a fundamental issue for the results of transplantation. Adherence can be defined as the degree of agreement between the patient's behavior and the health professionals’ recommendations. It is influenced by many factors, including those related to the patient's behaviors that are very poorly studied. Stress and coping patterns are part of this group. It is believed that the transplantation, even being the best therapeutic option, results in different kinds of stress to the patient. The term coping is used to identify the cognitive and behavioral responses issued by the individual to deal with the situation precipitating stress, aiming to reduce, mitigate or avoid it. Effective responses result a positive adjustment to stress, minimizing the impact of the mental and physical health of the patient. Intreventions on the most stressful situations and on coping patterns may contribute to the maintenance of general mental health of transplant recipients, leading consequently to an appropriate process of adherence to immunosuppressive treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between stress and the types of stress coping responses, with adherence to immunosuppressive treatment after the kidney transplantation. We also identified the benefits/challenges perceived by transplant patients and sociodemographic/clinical data associated with stress. We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study, involving 25 previously classified as adherent and 25 non adherent transplant patients, treated as outpatients from Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos e Pesquisas em Nefrologia. As inclusion criteria, were considered a minimum age of 18 years and have more than one year of functioning graft. The degree of adherence to treatment was measured by adapted and validated instrument The Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scale. The stress and stress coping response were assessed by the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory for Adults and the Ways of Coping Scale, respectively. A semi structured interview was conducted in order to detect major stressful events related to the transplantation. Frequency analysis was used to evaluate the qualitative and categories variables. T Test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square or Fisher's Test and logistic regression were used to compare adherent and nonadherent groups. Differences are considered significant when p ≤ 0.05. The mean age of our population was 44 ± 12.8ys and the median of post-transplant time was 71.8 (12-230) months. Stress was prevalent in 50%. The categories of “Fear” and “Medication” were the most stressful concerns. Non-adherence was significantly associated with more advanced stress phases (OR 4.7, IC: 0.99-22.51, p < 0.05) and palliative coping (OR 3.4, IC: 1.02-11.47, p < 0.05). The stress was significantly associated with female gender (p = 0.04), presence of comorbidities (p = 0.04) and responses not directed to problem solving coping (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the presence of stress and the non active coping patterns are associated with non adherence of immunosuppressive after renal transplantation. These results highlight the psychological events have implications for the understanding and management of non-adherent transplant patients.

В современном мире человек постоянно сталкивается со стрессовыми ситуациями, которые могут негативно влиять на его физическое и психическое здоровье. Стресс становится неотъемлемой частью жизни, и его изучение приобретает особую актуальность. Стресс может проявляться в различных формах: от небольших повседневных проблем до серьёзных жизненных кризисов. Многие физиологические и биохимические реакции на трудные жизненные ситуации бывают общими, однако на этапе оценки уровня угрозы возникает разнообразие психологических реакций. Совладающий интеллект - одна из тех способностей, которая позволяет объяснить индивидуальные различия психологических и физиологических реакций в ответ на угрозу. Его стоит рассматривать как биопсихосоциальный феномен. Цель исследования – проанализировать проявления совладающего интеллекта у мужчин и женщин. Объект исследования – совладающий интеллект. Предмет исследования – проявления совладающего интеллекта. В работе использованы метод теоретического анализа литературы, произведено медицинское вмешательство (забор крови), психологические опросно-диагностические методы, методы статистической и математической обработки результатов. Работа содержит две главы. Первая глава посвящена теоретическому анализу литературы по теме особенностей совладающего интеллекта у мужчин и женщин. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирическому исследованию особенностей совладающего интеллекта у мужчин и женщин. Эмпирическое исследование проводилось индивидуально в психодиагностической лаборатории. Респондентам предлагалось пройти несколько видов нагрузок (физическая, интеллектуальная, коммуникативная), до и после нагрузок респонденты сдавали кровь, где фиксировался уровень кортизола. Общее число респондентов – 38 (из них – 19 мужчин, 19 женщин), возраст от 23 до 48 лет (mean = 36,03 ± 6,82). / In the modern world, people are constantly faced with stressful situations that can negatively affect physical and mental health. Stress is becoming an integral part of life, and its study becomes especially important. Stress can manifest itself in various forms: from small everyday problems to serious life crises. Many physiological and biochemical reactions to difficult life situations are common, but a variety of psychological reactions emerge during the threat assessment phase. Coping intelligence is one of those abilities that helps to explain individual differences in psychological and physiological reactions in response to threat. It should be considered as a biopsychosocial phenomenon. The purpose of the study is to analyze the manifestations of coping intelligence in men and women. The object of the study is coping intelligence. The subject of the study - manifestations of coping intelligence. The work uses the method of theoretical analysis of literature, medical intervention (blood sampling), psychological survey-diagnostic methods, methods of statistical and mathematical processing of results. The work contains two chapters. The first chapter is devoted to theoretical analysis of literature on the topic of peculiarities of coping intelligence in men and women. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical study of the peculiarities of coping intelligence in men and women. The empirical study was conducted individually in a psychodiagnostic laboratory. Respondents were offered to undergo several types of loads (physical, intellectual, communicative), before and after loads respondents gave blood, where the level of cortisol was recorded. The total number of respondents was 38 (19 men, 19 women), age ranged from 23 to 48 years (mean = 36.03 ± 6.82).

本研究旨在探討國中技藝教育學程學生生活壓力和及因應行為的現況及其間的相關。 本研究係以台北縣國中技藝教育學程學生421人為研究對象，以問卷調查法，分別自17所國中收集所需資料。經以平均數、標準差、差異t考驗、單因子變異國中數分析、薛費事後比較、皮爾遜積差相關、等統計方法進行分析。 結果發現： （一）國中技藝教育學程學生的整體生活壓力並不是很高，可說是偏低。 （二）不同背景之國中技藝教育學程學生的生活壓力確有差異存在。 （三）國中技藝教育學程學生面對壓力時採用因應行為的情形偏高。 （四）不同背景之國中技藝教育學程學生生活壓力的因應行為確有差異存在。 （五）國中技藝教育學程學生生活壓力與因應行為間具顯著正相關。 （六）國中技藝教育學程學生與一般學生的生活壓力及面對壓力時 採用之因應行為有顯著差異。 關健字：國中技藝教育學程、生活壓力、因應行為 / The purpose of this research on investigation is to analyze the relationship with skill-education course students life stress and coping behavior in junior high school. Research data were derived from the basis of questionnaires. The subjects included 421 students drawn from skill-education course classes in 17 junior high schools in Taipei County. The data were analyzed with frequency distribution mean, standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffe’s Rule of Post Hoc Tests, Pearson’s correlation statistics method etc.. After data being analyzed, the main findings can be concluded as following: 1. Life stress to skill-education course students in junior high school is not so high. 2. In life stress , there are significant differences among skill-education course students and normal program students in junior high school.. 3. When facing to the stress, most of the skill-education course students adopted coping behavior highly. 4. In coping behavior, there are significant differences among different background skill-education course students in junior high school. 5. Skill-education course students in junior high school are positively related with life stress and coping behavior. 6. When facing to the stress, there are significant differences in life stress and coping behaviors between skill-education course students and normal program students in junior high school. Keywords: skill-education course of the junior high school, life stress , coping behavior.

本研究主要採用資源保存理論的壓力模式來檢驗921地震發生兩年半後，災區居民的資源流失與因應行為對身心症狀的影響，並比較不同社區組織與族群在資源流失、因應行為及身心症狀上的差異本研究主要採用問卷調查法，研究對象為南投埔里鎮居民，有效樣本共354份。受測樣本的設計分為目前住在組合屋和目前住在自己家中以及原住民和非原住民。研究工具包括「創傷後壓力反應指標問卷」、「資源流失調查表」及「因應量表」。資料的處理以相關分析、路徑分析、階層回歸分析和單因子共變數分析為主。本研究結果發現如下：（1）資源流失與逃避式的因應均能預測災區居民的身心症狀，但資源流失對身心症狀的預測要大於逃避式因應，且在四種類型的資源中，以個人資源流失的預測力最強。（2）在不同社區組織的比較中，組合屋居民出現較多身心症狀和資源的流失，且個人資源的流失和逃避式因應均是預測其身心症狀的最強變項。（2）在不同族群的比較中，原住民族群與非原住民族群在身心症狀和資源流失上沒有明顯差異，但原住民族群報告較多逃避式的因應，且逃避式的因應是預測其身心症狀的最強變項。根據研究結果，本研究對地震後的復建提出以下幾點建議：（1）減緩災難後資源的流失並增加資源的獲得。（2）社區組織的介入。（3）增強原住民族群的因應行為。 關鍵字：921地震、資源流失、因應行為、組合屋、原住民 / This study used the Conservation of Resources stress model to examine the effects of resources loss and coping behavior on psychological/physical symptoms after the 921 earthquake. And compared with the differences of resources loss, coping behavior and psychological/physical symptoms in different community organizations and races. This study was conducted by questionnaire investigation. 354 participants living in Pu-Li Town completed the questionnaires. The design of samples was distinguished between living in Temporal houses and living in own houses, and aborigines and non-aborigines. The measurements applied in this study included "Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index Questionnaire", "Resources Loss Inventory" and "Coping Scale". The obtained data was analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation, path analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis and one-way ANCOVA. The results of this study included: (1) resources loss and avoidant coping could predict psychological/physical symptoms, but resource loss predicted psychological symptoms better than avoidant coping. Personal resources were the strongest predictor among four kinds of resources. (2) In different community organizations. Temporal house's residents reported more resources loss and psychological/physical symptoms. And personal resources and avoidant coping were the strongest predictors. (3) In different races, the level of resources loss and psychological/physical symptoms were no significant differences between aborigines and non-aborigines. But aborigines revealed more avoidant coping and avoidant coping was the strongest predictor. Based on the results, some suggestions to post-earthquake rehabilitation were included: (1) Acting to limit resources loss after disaster and increase resources gain. (2) Considering the intervention of community organization. (3) Enhancing aborigine's coping behavior. Keywords: 921 earthquake, resource loss, coping behavior. Temporal houses, aborigines

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la relación que hay entre la empatía y estilos de afrontamiento en niños de 8 a 12 años. El estudio tiene un alcance correlacional y un muestreo no probabilístico. Participaron 269 niños de primaria de colegios particulares del Callao. Se utilizó la escala de empatía para niños y adolescentes (Mestre, Pérez y Frías, 1999) y de Afrontamiento para niños (Morales, Trianes, Blanca, Miranda, Escobar y Fernández, 2012). Los resultados demuestran una relación positiva entre la empatía y el estilo de afrontamiento de búsqueda de soluciones y comunicar el problema a los demás, y una relación negativa entre la empatía y la conducta agresiva. / The objective of this study is to know the relationship between empathy and coping styles in children aged 8 to 12 years. The study has a correlational scope and a non-probability sampling. 269 primary school children from private schools in Callao participated. The empathy scale for children and adolescents (Mestre, Pérez and Frías, 1999) and the Coping scale for children (Morales, Trianes, Blanca, Miranda, Escobar and Fernández, 2012) were used. The results show a positive relationship between empathy and the coping style of seeking solutions and communicating the problem to others, and a negative relationship between empathy and aggressive behavior. / Tesis

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el proceso de afrontamiento en padres de hijos con Trastorno de Espectro Autista (TEA). Método. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico. Asimismo, se empleó entrevista semiestructurada como técnica de recolección de información y el análisis de contenido fenomenológico como estrategia de análisis, a través de la cual se organizó la información en categorías emergentes y deductivas. Para esta investigación participaron 5 parejas de padres con hijo(s) diagnosticado(s) con TEA. Resultados. A partir del proceso de análisis se encontraron dos categorías deductivas principales: afrontamiento centrado en el problema, con sus subcategorías activo y demorado; y la categoría centrada en las emociones, con sus subcategorías apoyo social emocional y reinterpretación positiva. Conclusión. Se concluye que los padres se enfocaron en la resolución del problema, buscando especialistas, así como información y capacitaciones acerca del TEA. En menor proporción, se encontró que dos parejas de padres utilizaron la estrategia de afrontamiento demorado. Por último, se concluye, que también utilizan estrategias centradas en las emociones, dadas mediante el apoyo social emocional y la reinterpretación positiva enfocada en los logros de sus hijos. / Objective. The present study aimed to describe the coping process in parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Method. A qualitative study with a phenomenological design was carried out. Likewise, a semi-structured interview was used as an information-gathering technique and phenomenological content analysis as an analysis strategy, through which the information was organized into emergent and deductive categories. For this research, 5 pairs of parents with children diagnosed with ASD participated. Results. The results reveal two main categories: focused on the problem, with its subcategories active and delayed, and the category centered on emotions, with its subcategories emotional social support and positive reinterpretation. Conclusion. It is concluded that the parents focused on solving the problem, looking for specialists, as well as information and training about ASD. To a lesser extent, it was found that two pairs of parents used the delayed coping strategy. Finally, it is concluded that they also use strategies focused on emotions, given through social emotional support and positive reinterpretation focused on the achievements of their children. / Tesis