此篇論文之目的乃是探討品牌心理擁有感之前因與結果因素，本研究欲探討之三個與品牌相關的構念，包括公司品牌管理、品牌心理擁有感、品牌公民行為。第一個構念為公司品牌管理，代表能改善不同利害關係人對公司品牌認知與態度之組織作法；第二構念為品牌心理擁有感，代表能使員工對公司品牌產生所有權感受的心理狀態；第三個構念為品牌公民行為，代表員工擁有品牌導向之利他行為並將品牌精神活出來。本研究採取了兩個步驟，以探討品牌心理擁有感之前因與結果因素，本研究首先進行了公司品牌管理、品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為之量表發展，其次，本研究探索了公司品牌管理、品牌心理擁有感、品牌公民行為與品牌權益之跨層次關係。 本研究根據Hinkin (1998)之準則進行量表發展，在公司品牌管理的部分，本研究從台灣連鎖商店的主管獲得275份樣本。在探索性因素分析與驗證性因素分析後，本研究獲得五項公司品牌管理的因素，包括：公司品牌管理的溝通與評估、公司品牌管理之部門間協調、公司品牌管理之領導與利害關係人互動、公司品牌管理之訓練與徵選、公司品牌管理之文化與願景，結果顯示公司品牌管理量表具有良好的穩定性與效度。 在品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為的部分，本研究從台灣連鎖商店的第一線員工獲得361份樣本。在探索性因素分析與驗證性因素分析後，本研究獲得三項品牌心理擁有感的因素，包括：品牌自我效能感、品牌責任感、品牌認同感與歸屬感。同樣地，在探索性因素分析與驗證性因素分析後，本研究獲得三項品牌公民行為的因素，包括：品牌之運動家精神與背書、品牌之幫助行為、品牌之考量與提升，結果顯示品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為之量表具有良好的穩定性與效度。 從個人層次的分析結果發現，品牌心理擁有感正向影響品牌公民行為，並且大部分之品牌心理擁有感的因素正向影響品牌公民行為的因素。從跨層次的分析結果發現，公司品牌管理正向影響品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為，組織層次的品牌公民行為正向影響品牌權益。本研究亦發現，品牌心理擁有感在公司品牌管理與品牌公民行為之間扮演跨層次的中介角色。從跨層次的細部分析結果發現，許多公司品牌管理之因素正向影響品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為之因素。本研究亦探討了研究結果討論、研究貢獻、研究限制與未來研究。 / This thesis aims to investigate the antecedent and consequence of brand psychological ownership. Three major constructs related to branding efforts and results studied and explored by this research include corporate branding, brand psychological ownership, and brand citizenship behavior. The first construct, corporate branding, represents practices that improve brand cognitions and brand attitude of multiple stakeholders. The second construct, brand psychological ownership, represents the psychological state that makes employees produce feeling of ownership toward the corporate brand. The third construct, brand citizenship behavior, shows that employees have brand-oriented altruistic spirit and live the brand. In order to explore the antecedent and consequence of brand psychological ownership, two major steps are conducted by this study. First, this study conducts the scale developments of corporate branding, brand psychological ownership, and brand citizenship behavior. Second, this study explores the multilevel relation between corporate branding, brand psychological ownership, brand citizenship behavior, and brand equity. The guidelines of Hinkin (1998) are followed as the procedures of scale development. As for the scale development of corporate branding, a survey conducted among a sample of 275 managers from the franchise organizations in Taiwan was undertaken. Five factors of corporate branding obtained after EFA and CFA include: communication and evaluation of corporate branding, departmental coordination of corporate branding, leadership and interaction with stakeholders of corporate branding, training and selection of corporate branding, and vision and culture of corporate branding. The results represent a scale of corporate branding with good reliability and validity. As for scale developments of brand psychological ownership and brand citizenship behavior, a survey conducted among a sample of 361 customer-facing employees from the franchise organizations in Taiwan was undertaken. Three factors of brand psychological ownership obtained after EFA and CFA include: brand self-efficacy, brand accountability and identification and belongingness of brand. Three factors of brand citizenship behavior obtained after EFA and CFA include: sportsmanship and endorsement of brand, helping behavior of brand, and consideration and enhancement of brand. The results represent scales of brand psychological ownership and brand citizenship behavior with good reliability and validity. In the individual level analyses, brand psychological ownership has a positive effect on brand citizenship behavior, and most factors of brand psychological ownership have positive effects on factors of brand citizenship behavior. In the multilevel analyses, results demonstrate that corporate branding has positive effects on brand psychological ownership and brand citizenship behavior. Organizational-level brand citizenship behavior positively affects brand equity. It is also found that brand psychological ownership fully mediates the relationship between corporate branding and brand citizenship behavior. Detailed analyses show that many factors of corporate branding have positive effects on different factors of brand psychological ownership and brand citizenship behavior. Most factors of brand psychological ownership positively affect factors of brand citizenship behavior. Discussion, contributions, implication, limitation, and future study are also discussed.

This paper aims to highlight how the recent developments in international relations has created a environment with increased competition between countries for attention and assets and how these changes has promoted the increased use of public diplomacy  to reach out to new actors. The study will focus on the public diplomacy sub-discipline of nation branding.  The paper will analyze reputation management in international relations through the lens of corporate branding. This approach will help bridge the gap between marketing and international relations and expand the analytical toolkit for public diplomacy. While many studies have focused on branding campaigns this study will focus on the brand management to see whether it is capable of creating distinction and relevance for a nation brand or national reputation.     The paper aims to give an descriptive analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats the Swedish reputation management faces in order to assess how the management can improve but also provide an analytical framework for researchers interested in studying reputation management. The paper will employ a qualitative method consisting of text analysis and interviews to connect the theoretical models with business practice to then present the results using a SWOT-analysis. The data gathered from the Swedish Institute serves to provide empirical data on the business conduct in relation to brand management and several indexes will be used to assess the Swedish brand. Results show that the Swedish nation brand management have adopted a wide range of methods to strengthen the distinctiveness and relevance for the Swedish brand and that the weaknesses are mostly connected to communication failures. The brand management has also good opportunities to further project a strong image of Sweden and the threats towards it are only marginal. The brand management should continue its current work while developing new methods and solutions to overcome the communication problems towards certain target groups. While the study have made contributions to understand how reputation management could be analyzed through corporate brand management, further research should look into whether a nation brand or reputation has been used as a power asset that is capable of actually acquiring global assets.

Det finns mycket tidigare forskning och litteratur om hur design som kommunikationsmedel kan tillämpas i praktiken, både genom estetisk och strategisk design. Däremot framgår inte huruvida tillämpningen av design som kommunikationsmedel är branschspecifik eller generellt gällande för företag oavsett bransch. Företag kan nyttja design som ett kommunikationsmedel för att kommunicera sin varumärkesidentitet till konsumenterna så att deras syn på imagen blir likställd med identiteten. Då når företaget ett starkt varumärke uppsatsens definition. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och jämföra hur företag inom olika branscher kan nyttja design, i form av estetisk och strategisk design, med avsikt att kommunicera sin varumärkesidentitet till sina konsumenter och skapa ett starkt varumärke. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och består av individuella intervjuer och fokusgrupper. De individuella intervjuerna och fokusgrupperna har gjorts med centrala personer från valda företag, designsamarbetspartners samt med företagens konsumenter. Uppsatsens insamlade data har analyserats med en modifiering av the Corporate branding model som teoretiskt ramverk. Denna teori har i sin tur kompletterats med modellerna och teorierna Kapferers varumärkesidentitetsprisma, design thinking och Lockwoods kategorier för att mäta värdet av estetisk design. I slutdiskussionen jämförs hur nyttjandet och effekten av estetisk och strategisk design som kommunikationsmedel skiljer sig åt mellan två företag inom olika branscher och huruvida det faktum att de är verksamma inom olika branscher påverkar. Nyttjandet av design thinking skilde sig åt då serviceföretaget (Sturehof) nyttjade det genomgående medan produktföretaget (Svenskt Tenn) inte nådde fram med kommunikation genom design thinking. Effekten av design thinking gick inte att jämföra då nyttjandet skilde sig åt. Nyttjandet av estetisk design skilde sig ytterst lite åt mellan de olika företagen, men effekten skilde sig åt. Författarnas förklaring till detta är att konsumenterna inte ställer lika höga krav och inte förväntar sig samma grad av estetisk design på en restaurang som de gör på en inredningsbutik. Design hos ett produktföretag inom inredningsbranschen anses vidare som en självklarhet, men hos ett tjänsteföretag inom restaurangbranschen anses det vara en konkurrensfördel. Sammanfattningsvis menar författarna att denna undersökning visat att design, oavsett bransch, bör nyttjas i sin helhet med såväl strategisk som estetisk design för att nå ett starkt varumärke. / There is a lot of research and literature on how design, both aesthetic and strategic, can be applied in practice as a communication tool. However, the research and literature does not clarify whether the application of design as a communication tool is industry specific or generally valid for all types of companies. Companies can use design as a communication medium to communicate their brand identity to consumers, so that their view of the brand image becomes equated with the brand identity. If they succeed, the company reaches a strong brand. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and compare how companies in different industries can use design, in the form of aesthetic and strategic design, with the intention to communicate their brand identity to its consumers and to create a strong brand. The thesis is qualitative in nature and consists of individual interviews and focus groups. The individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with key persons from selected companies, their design partners and their customers. The collected data were analysed using a modification of the Corporate branding model and other, more specific, models and theories as a theoretical framework. In the final discussion the authors compare if the use and effect of aesthetic and strategic design as a communication tool differ between companies in different industries, and whether the fact that they operate in different industries has an effect. The use of strategic design and design thinking was different, since the service company (Sturehof) used it consistently, while the product company (Svenskt Tenn) didn’t reach out with communication through design thinking. The effect was not compared since the use differed. The use of aesthetic design differed little between the various companies, but the effect differed more. The authors' explanation for this is that consumers do not set equally high standards and expect the same degree of aesthetic design in a restaurant as they do at a furniture store. Design of a product company in the interior decorating industry was considered as a natural concept, but design of a service company in the restaurant industry was considered a competitive advantage. In conclusion, the authors mean that this thesis demonstrated that design, regardless of industry, should be used in its entirety with both strategic and aesthetic design to achieve a strong brand.

本研究欲了解企業內部品牌行銷的四個重要因素：公司品牌管理、品牌導向人力資源管理、員工為基礎品牌權益、品牌公民行為之間的關係。希望以品牌服務人員的角度針對此議題進行研究。本研究以問卷調查的量化方式衡量品牌服務人員對於公司品牌管理、品牌導向人力資源管理、員工為基礎品牌權益、品牌公民行為的認知情形。之後以迴歸方法進行分析，探討上述變數之間的關係。本研究獲得下列結論： 一、本研究確認公司品牌管理對品牌導向人力資源管理有顯著且正面的關係。故公司品牌管理必須採用品牌導向人力資源管理來塑造員工對企業品牌的認知。 二、本研究確認品牌導向人力資源管理對員工為基礎品牌權益有顯著且正面的關係。故當企業採用品牌導向人力資源管理時，可以提昇員工為基礎品牌權益。 三、本研究確認員工為基礎品牌權益對品牌公民行為有顯著且正面的關係。故當員工為基礎品牌權益高時，員工會成為企業品牌的擁護者與守護者，而在替顧客服務時，會主動思考品牌的利益，而無條件的展現對於品牌的正面態度與行為，即展現品牌公民行為。 / This study investigates the relationship between four critical factors of internal brand marketing, including corporate branding, brand-centered HRM, employee-based brand equity, and brand citizen behavior. This study is designed to use quantitative method to understand the cognition of four factors from brand service personnel. Then, regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between four factors. This study finally draws three conclusions. First, there is a positive relationship between corporate branding and brand-centered HRM. Thus, the corporate should consider to adopt brand-centered HRM to educate employees when it decides to use corporate branding strategy. Second, there is a positive relationship between brand-centered HRM and employee-based brand equity. Thus, the corporate could enhance employee-based brand equity when it adopts brand-centered HRM. Third, there is a positive relationship between employee-based brand equity and brand citizen behavior. Thus, if employee-based brand equity is significant, brand service personnel may act positive brand citizen behavior voluntarily.

Den här studien undersöker hur webbplatsen kan användas i syfte att förmedla en varumärkesidentitet hos företag inom kultursektorn. Fotografiska, en privat konsthall för samtida fotokonst, belägen i Stockholm, publicerar på sin webbplats texter om varje utställning som konsthallen arrangerar. Undersökningen utgår från antagandet att såväl den omgivande kontexten som innehållet i texterna bidrar till att skapa en varumärkesidentitet. Genom en multimodal och narrativ diskursanalys av webbplatsen och utställningstexterna analyserar jag hur denna identitet realiseras i samspelet mellan semiotiska och narrativa resurser och vilken bild den förmedlar av Fotografiska till betraktaren. Resultatet visar, enligt min tolkning, att Fotografiska använder webbplatsen i identitetsskapande syfte genom porträtteringen av fotokonsten och dess centrala aktörer som bärare av ett antal socioestetiska kärnvärden; minimalism, intellektualitet, exklusivitet, tradition och kunnighet. / This study examines how websites can be used for corporate branding purposes of institutions in the cultural field. It is based on my analytical findings on the website of Fotografiska, a gallery for contemporary fine art photography in central Stockholm. The thesis is based on the claim that both the surrounding context and the content of the exhibition texts plays a crucial role in the creation of a corporate brand for art galleries. Therefore my intention here is to show how Fotografiska all together use semiotic and narrative resources on their website in order to brand themselves. Supported by the findings from my sociosemiotic discourse analysis I argue that the extensive portraying of fine art photography and its key figures, maintains a few artistic core values that are characteristic for the branding of Fotografiska. Those are minimalism, intellectuality, exclusiveness, tradition and expertise.