Darbo tikslas: ištirti linkusių ir nelinkusių savęs žaloti įkalintų asmenų nerimo, depresiškumo įverčių skirtumus ir tarpusavio sąsajas su stresogeninių situacijų įveikos strategijomis. Tiriamieji: šiame tyrime, vykusiam nuo 2008 – 02 – 18 iki 2008 – 10 – 01, dalyvavo 256 laisvės atėmimo vietose esantys asmenys, suskirstyti į dvi – tiriamąją ir lyginamąją – grupes. Iš jų tyrime dalyvavo 81 asmuo, įtrauktas į laisvės atėmimo vietos nuteistųjų ir suimtųjų, priklausančių didelės rizikos grupei dėl savęs žalojimosi ar bandymo nusižudyti apskaitos žurnalą, kuriems paskirta sustiprinta individuali priežiūra – minėti asmenys sudaro tiriamąją grupę. Lyginamąją grupę sudarė 176 laisvės atėmimo vietose esantys neįtraukti į šį apskaitos žurnalą asmenys. Tyrimui naudotos HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression), BDI (Beck Depression Inventary), COPE metodikos. Išvados: nustatyta, jog linkę save žaloti yra jauni asmenys (amžiaus vidurkis – 30 m.), turintys žemesnį išsilavinimą, suimti ar atliekantys bausmę už sunkius, smurtinius nusikaltimus, laikantys save priklausomais nuo alkoholio, narkotinių medžiagų. Linkusių save žaloti įkalintų asmenų grupėje nerimo, depresiškumo įverčiai lyginant su įkalintais, bet nežalojusiais savęs asmenimis – aukštesni. Įvertinus tik linkusių save žaloti asmenų grupės depresiškumo, nerimo įverčių išreikštumą pagal laisvės atėmimo vietą nustatyta, jog suimtų asmenų grupėje nerimo, depresiškumo (tik BDI) įverčiai aukštesni nei nuteistų asmenų grupėje. Tyrime... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the research. To survey differences in evaluations of anxiety and depression and links with strategies used to cope with stressful situations of persons in confinement who are tended to injure themselves and those who are not.The object of the research: 256 persons in confinement took part in the research. They were divided into two groups: analyzed and comparative groups. The research was started on the 18th of February, 2008 and ended on the 1st of October, 2008. Analyzed group was made out of 81 person who were tended to injure themselves (all of them belonged to the group of persons in confinement with the higher risk due to the disposition to injure or kill themselves, and were under reinforced supervision). Comparative group was made out of 176 persons in confinement who didn‘t belong to the group with the higher risk due to the disposition to injure or kill themselves. Methods of research were HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression), BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), COPE methods. Conclusions. The research showed that persons who are tended to kill or injure themselves are young (~ 30 years old), with lower education, arrested or sentenced for violent crimes and those who think that are dependant on alcohol or drugs. Evaluations of anxiety and depression are higher in the group of persons in confinement who are tended to injure themselves. The results of the research showed that evaluations of anxiety and depression (only BDI) are higher in the group of... [to full text]

Torture has long been denounced by the international community; the need to protect citizens from abuse at the hands of the state is a principle enshrined in international law. One area where abuse is common is within the correctional system and as a result, there is a need for oversight in places of detention. The Optional Protocol to the UN’s Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) is an international human rights instrument that acts as a preventive measure to monitor all places of detention through regular visits. Supportive of the OPCAT since its adoption, Canada has considered signature/ratification since 2002 but has yet to commit. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that have led to a delay in Canada becoming State Party to the OPCAT despite adherence to the principles that this instrument embodies. A policy analysis framework was utilized to conduct stakeholder interviews and review government documents. The concept of agenda-setting received special attention and content analysis of media reports and a review of government legislative activity were conducted to provide insight into the prevalence of the issue on the public and political agendas. The author argues that while there are real challenges that policymakers must overcome, the absence of political leadership has resulted in stagnation in the decision-making process. As a result, the issue has disappeared from both the public and political agenda. In order for progress to be made, political will must be created and the impetus to act (‘re-setting the agenda’) must come from civil society in the absence of government engagement on this issue.

SUMMARY The topic of final work for Master‘s degree is The Drug Habit Spread Prevention In Correctional Institutions. Due to this topic the main goal of this work is to specify particularities and evaluate the problems of implementing the measures of drug habit prevention in correctional institutions and to give some offers of possible solution of them and of improving underway prevention. Although drug habit prevention, implemented in different spheres and levels has common features, drug habit prevention in correctional institutions has some particularities. It is important that prevention would fulfil the changes of habits and opportunities of using drug in correctional institutions. For attaining this object the up-to-date state of drug habit spread in correctional institutions, tendencies and the reasons are analyzed. The main provision of legal acts, regulating the prevention of drug habit in correctional institutions, is also provided. The particularities of prevention measures applied in Vilnius’ correctional institutions are also investigated. The experience of implementing drug habit prevention measures in some foreign countries is being examined here as well. Summing up of the results are set forth in the conclusion of this work.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka kriminalvårdens centrala riktlinjer för psykisk ohälsa bland anstaltsklienter och om dessa riktlinjer realiseras i praktiskt arbete på två olika avdelningar: normalavdelning och behandlingsavdelning på en anstalt av högsta säkerhetsklass i Sverige. Data samlades in genom intervjuer med åtta kriminalvårdare och en psykolog. Resultatet visade att psykisk ohälsa ur ett personalperspektiv är vanligt förekommande, främst ADHD, depression, ångest och sömnsvårigheter. Majoriteten av respondenterna visste inte om vilka riktlinjer som finns vid behandling av klienters psykiska ohälsa. Slutsatsen är att det råder brister i kommunikationen mellan ledningen och kriminalvårdarna inom anstalten. / The purpose of this study was to examine the correctional institutions central guidelines for mental problems among their clients and whether these guidelines are used in practical work within two different facilities: normal facilities and treatment facilities at an institution of a maximum security prison in Sweden. Data was collected through interviews with eight prison officers and a psychologist. The results showed that mental problems from a staff perspective are common, mainly ADHD, depression, anxiety and insomnia. The majority of the respondent did not have knowledge about the central guidelines for client’s mental problems. Conclusion is that there are deficiencies in communication between management and the prison officers within the correctional institution.

This thesis aimed to describe the epidemiology of HCV in South Australian prisons - prevalence, transmission and risk factors. This thesis also aimed to determine the impact of incarceration on reported risk behaviours. A related objective was to evaluate the epidemiological effectiveness of the ELISA - 3 HCV antibody test using PCR as the gold standard. Finally, this thesis aimed to explore the potential for minimising HCV risk in the South Australian prison population. Methods: Two case note audits were conducted at each of eight publicly operated SA prisons ( in summer and winter ) to identify any documented HCV - antibody test results. Prisoners recruited at entry to prison were offered tests for HCV - antibody and completed a pre - entry risk factor survey. Participants completed additional risk factor surveys and ( if HCV - negative at last test ) underwent further antibody tests at three - monthly intervals for up to 15 months. A sample of participants also provided blood specimens for HCV - RNA testing. Limited stakeholder consultations with prison officers and nurses were also conducted. Quantitative data were analysed using univariate and multivariate techniques. Results: 1347 case notes were audited in summer, and 1347 in winter and an overall HCV prevalence of 42 % was estimated. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, HCV prevalence was significantly higher in female prisoners ( 65 % ), those aged above 28 years ( 48 % ), and in Indigenous prisoners originating from metropolitan areas ( 56 % ). Indigenous prisoners originating from remote areas had significantly lower HCV prevalence ( 20 % ). 666 prisoners were recruited at entry, and 42 % were estimated to be HCV - antibody positive. Three seroconversions were noted in 151 initially HCV - seronegative negative individuals followed up for a median time of 121 days - a rate 4.6 per 100 person years - but community exposure could not be ruled out. Overall agreement between HCV - antibody and HCV - RNA assays was 86 % ( 100% in the HCV negative samples ) - kappa = 0.71. Injecting history was highly prevalent in prison entrants ( 70 % ) and both community and prison injecting ( but not tattooing ) were independent predictors of entry HCV status. Prison history was also independently associated with entry HCV status. Injecting in prison during the study was infrequently reported, but significantly more likely in those testing HCV - antibody positive at prison entry ( risk ratio = 2.48, P = 0.046 ). Stakeholders were most supportive of strategies to increase education and to minimise risks associated with hair clippers, but did not support most other suggested preventive strategies. Other issues related to communicable diseases and infection control were explored in the stakeholder interviews. Conclusions: HCV prevalence in South Australian prisoners is extremely high and may have contributed to a ' ceiling effect ' , minimising the seroconversion rate observed in this population. Injecting is relatively infrequently reported in prison, but more likely in those already infected with HCV. Thus, contaminated injecting equipment represents a significant threat to other prisoners and prison staff. Strategies aimed at reducing HCV risk in prisons, which address the concerns of those expected to implement them, are proposed in this thesis. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2006.

This thesis aimed to describe the epidemiology of HCV in South Australian prisons - prevalence, transmission and risk factors. This thesis also aimed to determine the impact of incarceration on reported risk behaviours. A related objective was to evaluate the epidemiological effectiveness of the ELISA - 3 HCV antibody test using PCR as the gold standard. Finally, this thesis aimed to explore the potential for minimising HCV risk in the South Australian prison population. Methods: Two case note audits were conducted at each of eight publicly operated SA prisons ( in summer and winter ) to identify any documented HCV - antibody test results. Prisoners recruited at entry to prison were offered tests for HCV - antibody and completed a pre - entry risk factor survey. Participants completed additional risk factor surveys and ( if HCV - negative at last test ) underwent further antibody tests at three - monthly intervals for up to 15 months. A sample of participants also provided blood specimens for HCV - RNA testing. Limited stakeholder consultations with prison officers and nurses were also conducted. Quantitative data were analysed using univariate and multivariate techniques. Results: 1347 case notes were audited in summer, and 1347 in winter and an overall HCV prevalence of 42 % was estimated. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, HCV prevalence was significantly higher in female prisoners ( 65 % ), those aged above 28 years ( 48 % ), and in Indigenous prisoners originating from metropolitan areas ( 56 % ). Indigenous prisoners originating from remote areas had significantly lower HCV prevalence ( 20 % ). 666 prisoners were recruited at entry, and 42 % were estimated to be HCV - antibody positive. Three seroconversions were noted in 151 initially HCV - seronegative negative individuals followed up for a median time of 121 days - a rate 4.6 per 100 person years - but community exposure could not be ruled out. Overall agreement between HCV - antibody and HCV - RNA assays was 86 % ( 100% in the HCV negative samples ) - kappa = 0.71. Injecting history was highly prevalent in prison entrants ( 70 % ) and both community and prison injecting ( but not tattooing ) were independent predictors of entry HCV status. Prison history was also independently associated with entry HCV status. Injecting in prison during the study was infrequently reported, but significantly more likely in those testing HCV - antibody positive at prison entry ( risk ratio = 2.48, P = 0.046 ). Stakeholders were most supportive of strategies to increase education and to minimise risks associated with hair clippers, but did not support most other suggested preventive strategies. Other issues related to communicable diseases and infection control were explored in the stakeholder interviews. Conclusions: HCV prevalence in South Australian prisoners is extremely high and may have contributed to a ' ceiling effect ' , minimising the seroconversion rate observed in this population. Injecting is relatively infrequently reported in prison, but more likely in those already infected with HCV. Thus, contaminated injecting equipment represents a significant threat to other prisoners and prison staff. Strategies aimed at reducing HCV risk in prisons, which address the concerns of those expected to implement them, are proposed in this thesis. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2006.

Contributing to a just, peaceful and safer South Africa through effective and humane incarceration of inmates, rehabilitation and social reintegration of offenders is the Department’s mission statement. Correctional Service’s chapter 3 of the white paper on corrections, promotes the spirit and practise of goodwill and sincere interaction between offenders and their communities and families. Furthermore, rehabilitation is the responsibility of all social institutions and individuals, (starting within the family, educational, religious, sporting and cultural institutions), and a range of government departments. The main aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of internal offender communication at Mdantsane Correctional Centre. The following research objectives were followed: (a). to examine the effectiveness of internal offenders’ communication at the Mdantsane Correctional Centre, (b)to assess challenges in the accessibility and flow of information between the department and offenders in the Mdantsane Correctional Centre and (c)to determine offenders’ preferred mode of communication in the Mdantsane Correctional Centre. A qualitative research design using in-depth interviews with Mdantsane Correctional Centre staff was utilised. A type of non-probability sampling known as purposeful sampling, was used. A total of twenty-five (25) participants were interviewed, using thematic content analysis for the findings and recommendations revealed in chapter 5.

DINIZ, Rita de Cássia Moura. A formação dos trabalhadores da saúde do sistema penitenciário - cartografia dos saberes e práticas. 2011. 170f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2011-11-10T14:06:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Tese_RCMDiniz.pdf: 7264391 bytes, checksum: 72b35feba56a7e51086ae28bdf047cf1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2011-11-11T13:51:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Tese_RCMDiniz.pdf: 7264391 bytes, checksum: 72b35feba56a7e51086ae28bdf047cf1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-11T13:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_Tese_RCMDiniz.pdf: 7264391 bytes, checksum: 72b35feba56a7e51086ae28bdf047cf1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This thesis analyses the “educational” background of the correctional system’s health field professionals. To facilitate the evaluation, this study divided their formation in four categories: formal, informal, offered by the correctional system or searched by the own professional. It also exposes the difficulties in analyzing informal experiences in order to propose a formal “education” capable to provide the professional development they need and also accomplish the correctional system main goal: the inmate’s return to the community. The main goals of this study are: to do an evaluative research of the Ceará state’s correctional system professionals’ formal or informal formation and its interface with the inmate re-socialization, aiming at proposing principles and themes which integrates both formations; to evaluate the professionals’ background by identifying the informal curricular elements and is interface with the inmate re-socialization; to elaborate a cartography of knowledge and practices using the professionals’ experiences, as well as to propose a thematic matrix which continued formation of re-socializing professionals; and, at last, to propose a method to evaluate the correctional system’s health field professionals’ formation. This study states the following thesis: the knowledge and practices experimented by the Ceará state’s correctional system professionals, acquired from a graduated education or not, can be redefined and added by using a curricular matrix with methods to make possible the inmates’ re-socialization. The analytical study used a dialectic approach methodology. Statistical cross-data analysis was done to find correlations in the more than 1327 courses done by the professionals. Interviews, documental analysis, conceptual chart, and field diary were the methodologies used to acquire data. The analysis’ result showed that the professionals’ formation is inadequate to the nature of their work. It was presented a proposal of a formalized continued education. The knowledge and practices cartography showed that all the professionals’ knowledge and practices were acquired by himself and through the interaction professional-professional and professional-inmate, therefore, evidencing an informal education. It was presented a method to evaluate the correctional system’s health field professionals’ formation / Aborda a questão da formação dos trabalhadores da saúde do sistema penitenciário, tendo como objeto avaliar a trajetória de formação em processos educacionais formais e não formais, compreendidos tanto na perspectiva do preparo ofertado pela instituição como o realizado pelo próprio servidor. Traz como problema de investigação a indagação de como identificar experiência não formal para recomendar uma proposta formal, que atenda o desenvolvimento profissional de caráter permanente de tais trabalhadores e que contribua para o alcance da missão institucional de reintegração do homem recluso ao seio da sociedade. Apresenta-se como objetivos do estudo realizar pesquisa avaliativa sobre o percurso dos processos educacionais formais e não formal dos trabalhadores de saúde do Sistema Penitenciário do Estado do Ceará e a sua interface com a ressocialização do presidiário, visando à proposição de princípios e temáticas que integrem os dois tipos de formação; avaliar o percurso formativo dos referidos trabalhadores, identificando os elementos curriculares não formais e a sua interface com a ressocialização do presidiário; elaborar uma cartografia de saberes e práticas instituídos pelos trabalhadores que integram a equipe de saúde do sistema penitenciário, bem como propor uma matriz temática que atenda a formação continuada de profissionais ressocializadores; e, por fim, propor uma sistemática de avaliação para formar trabalhadores ressocializadores do sistema penitenciário. Sustenta-se como tese argumento de que os saberes e práticas vivenciados pelos trabalhadores/ressocializadores do Sistema Penitenciário do Estado do Ceará, oriundos de uma formação graduada ou não graduada em cursos específicos, podem ser resignificados e integrados com suporte numa matriz curricular que apresente métodos possibilitadores do exercício da ação educativa ressocializadora junto aos presidiários. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, com abordagem dialética, no entanto, como se opera com a análise de 1327 cursos e atualizações dos profissionais, fez-se a triangulação dos dados mediante de um estudo estatístico. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram empregados entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionário, análise documental, mapa conceitual e diário de campo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa se constituíram dos trabalhadores da saúde do sistema penitenciário lotados no hospital penal e manicômio judiciário, inclusive os agentes penitenciários lotados nas referidas unidades, por se ponderar que as atribuições desses profissionais possuem uma interface com o processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde. Como resultado da análise, identificou-se o fato de que a formação dos trabalhadores/ressocializadores do sistema penitenciário não é adequada à natureza social do trabalho que realizam, sendo, pois, ressignificados, de modo que é e apresentada uma proposta de educação continuada formalizada. Na elaboração da cartografia de saberes e práticas, evidencia-se que os saberes e práticas adquiridos pelos profissionais de saúde do sistema penitenciário foram constituídos com a vivencia, no contexto da prisão, com o outro e com o preso, portanto, uma aprendizagem não formal. Apresenta-se ao final do estudo, uma proposta de avaliação curricular de cunho emancipatório e dialético.

The South African Department of Correctional Services has a legislative mandate of detaining offenders in safe custody whilst ensuring their human dignity amongst others. This stems from section 2 of the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 as amended. In addition to that, chapter 3 of this Act makes provision for conditions under which offenders should be treated, conditions of human dignity. This piece of legislation is effectively giving effect to the Bill of Rights as articulated in chapter two of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. It is expected of the department to treat offenders according to the provisions of not only this Constitution and Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 as amended but also to comply with the international conventions and treaties. Extensive empirical and non-empirical studies on the treatment of offenders have been conducted by various scholars in the field of penology but not much has been done to bring to the fore knowledge with regard to the developmental trend of the treatment of offenders. It is against this backdrop that a qualitative study through systematic review of literature was conducted to bring together and examine available literature. In other words, a systematic literature review was conducted to determine if there is a developmental trend towards the treatment of offenders in South Africa as required by the prescripts of the law. Furthermore, this study was conducted to also demonstrate the researcher’s knowledge in the field of penology. The focus was on the central theories identified as offenders’ rights. The Department of Correctional Services identified eight offenders’ rights and sees them as its Constitutional mandate (Department of Correctional Services, 2013:8). This study has found a violation of the offenders’ right to equality to be diminishing over time. Apart from that, this study reveals a substantial violation of offenders’ rights because out of seven offenders’ rights, only one [freedom of religion] appears be successfully protected and promoted by the department. This study further present the recommendations and suggested areas of further research. / Penology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

Orientador: Sidney Chalhoub / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T20:31:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_CarlosEduardoMoreirade_D.pdf: 2955752 bytes, checksum: ab36d6deaaee773b984c14ff87dcba24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A presente tese analisa a construção da primeira prisão com trabalho do império brasileiro: a Casa de Correção do Rio de Janeiro. Tentamos fornecer um outro olhar para o tema das prisões no Brasil, fazendo mais uma história institucional e dos trabalhadores que ergueram o primeiro complexo prisional do país, e menos uma análise das questões que envolveram os debates em torno do clássico Vigiar e Punir de Michael Foucault. O filósofo francês examinou as relações entre os modos de exercício do poder, a constituição dos saberes e o estabelecimento da verdade, apontando a passagem da punição do corpo para a alma dos condenados em fins do século XVIII e início do XIX na Europa. Embora o Brasil abrigasse inúmeros estudiosos das novas formas de punir disponíveis no velho continente naquele momento, a vigência da escravidão alterou profundamente a implantação desse novo tipo de punição. Aqui, o suplício e a prisão com trabalho conviveram lado a lado até o final do século XIX. Como a idéia era escrever a história da primeira prisão com trabalho do Brasil, iniciamos a abordagem no período regencial, quando teve início o processo de construção da nova penitenciária a partir da mobilização da Sociedade Defensora da Liberdade e Independência Nacional. Nesse momento surge também uma nova categoria jurídica no país, os africanos livres. Estes últimos, somados aos escravos, sentenciados, homens livres e libertos foram os grandes responsáveis pela construção da primeira Casa de Correção do Brasil / Abstract: This dissertation analyses the construction of the first penitentiary made by the Brazilian Empire: The House of Correction of Rio de Janeiro. In doing so, I seek to offer a new perspective on the question of prisons in Brazil. Thus this text deals more with the history of the institutions and workers that built the first penitentiary of the country, and less with the issues that involved the debates on the classic "Surveiller et punir" written by Michael Foucault. The French Philosopher has analysed the relations between the way public institutions operate and the constitution of a new knowledge regarding discipline and punishment in 18th- and 19th- century Europe. In Brazil, however, the existence of slavery created problems for the implementation of a concept of punishment that emphasized the reformation of the individual instead of physical retaliation on his/her body. My approach in this dissertation is to tell a history of the construction and establishment of the House of Correction in Rio as a chapter in the social of history of labor in the country. Thus I start out with the initial debates about the subject in the 1830s and move on to deal with the experience of workers -africanos livres (Africans freed due to the illegal slave trade), slaves, free workers, prisoners- during the construction of the penitentiary and the first years after its opening / Doutorado / Historia Social / Doutor em História