INTRODUÇÃO: Alterações funcionais e estéticas da parede abdominal, tais como flacidez de pele, lipodistrofia e diástase dos músculos retos abdominais, podem contribuir para a diminuição da autoestima e bem-estar do paciente. A lipoaspiração da parede abdominal durante a abdominoplastia com descolamento amplo tem sido contraindicada devido ao aumento do risco de complicações. A lipoabdominoplastia realiza apenas o descolamento seletivo do retalho ao longo das bordas mediais dos músculos retos abdominais, preservando os vasos perfurantes abdominais, o que permite a realização, com maior segurança, da lipoaspiração concomitantemente com o tempo cirúrgico da abdominoplastia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o resultado estético da lipoabdominoplastia em pacientes com sobrepeso - Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC entre 25 e 29.9) quando comparadas com pacientes de peso normal (IMC entre 18,5 e 24,9). M?TODO: Foi realizada uma análise comparativa de resultados estéticos após a lipoabdominoplastia em dois grupos de 30 pacientes, um com IMC entre 25 e 29,9 e outro, de controle, com IMC entre 18,5 e 24,9, operadas entre 2000-2009. Para a avaliação dos resultados estéticos, foi utilizada a escala com parâmetros objetivos, desenvolvida pela Disciplina de Cirurgia Plástica da FMUSP, empregada por sete avaliadores independentes - três médicos, três não-médicos e o próprio cirurgião, no pré e pós-operatório. A escala avalia cinco aspectos em fotografia, volume do abdome, contorno lateral, excesso de pele ou flacidez, aspecto do umbigo e estética da cicatriz na parede abdominal. Os dados comparativos foram submetidos a análise estatística, com valor de significância \"p\" de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Tanto no grupo total (n=60) quanto em cada grupo isoladamente, a média das notas do pós-operatório foi significativamente maior que a média das notas do pré, para todos os avaliadores. Da mesma forma, a média das notas do Grupo II (de controle) sempre foi significativamente maior que a do Grupo I (de sobrepeso), tanto no pré como no pós-operatório, para todos os avaliadores, embora a média do ganho obtido - ou a diferença entre as notas do pós e do pré-operatório, que mede a melhora no resultado estético, tenha sido maior no Grupo I (de sobrepeso). Tanto no pré como no pós- operatório, a média das notas dos avaliadores não-médicos foi significativamente maior que a média das notas dos médicos. No pós-operatório, a média da nota na avaliação do cirurgião foi significativamente maior que a média dos avaliadores médicos e que a dos avaliadores não- médicos. O Índice de Correção Intraclasses (ICC) foi elevado e significativo, indicando alto grau de confiabilidade interna entre os profissionais. CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferença significativa na avaliação estética dos resultados da cirurgia do abdome, quando comparados os dois grupos com diferente IMC: o grupo de controle (IMC entre 18,5 e 24,9) apresentou resultado superior na média das notas, tanto no pré como no pós-operatório, para todos os avaliadores. Embora ambos os grupos tenham apresentado significativa melhora na avaliação estética após a lipoabdominoplastia, o ganho de melhora entre o pós e o pré-operatório foi maior no Grupo com IMC entre 25 e 29,9 / BACKGROUND: Aesthetic and functional deformities of the abdominal wall, as skin flaccidity, lipodystrophy and diastasis of rectus abdominis muscles may contribute to decreased self-esteem and well-being of the patient. Liposuction of the abdominal wall in traditional abdominoplasty (wide undermining) has been criticized for increasing the risk of complications. The lipoabdominoplasty performs a selective undermining of the flap along the medial borders of the rectus abdominis muscles, preserving the abdominal perforating vessels, thus allows liposuction during the same procedure of abdominoplasty with greater safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aesthetic results of lipoabdominoplasty in overweight patients (Body Mass Index - BMI 25-29.9) as compared to patients with normal weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9), operated by the same technique. METHODS: A comparative and retrospective analysis of late follow up results after lipoabdominoplasty between two groups of 30 patients, one with BMI between 25 and 29.9 and a control group with BMI between 18,5 and 24.9, operated from 2000 to 2009. To evaluate the aesthetic results was used a scale with objective parameters developed by the Plastic Surgery Department of São Paulo University, held by seven independent evaluators - three doctors, three no doctors and the surgeon. Five items in photography were evaluated - the abdominal volume, the lateral contour, excess of skin flaccidity, the appearance of the navel and quality of scar in the abdominal wall, both in pre and postoperative period. The data was submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Both in the whole study population (n = 60) as in each group separately, the average score of the postoperative period was significantly higher than the pre, for all evaluators. Likewise, the average score of Group II (control) was always significantly higher than that of Group I (overweight), pre and postoperatively for all evaluators, although the mean difference between the post and pre-operative scores, which measures the improvement in the aesthetic result, was higher in Group I (overweight). Postoperatively, the average score, when assessed by the plastic surgeon was significantly higher than when assessed by other doctor and no doctor evaluators. The average score by non-medical evaluators was significantly higher than the average pointed out by doctors, both in the pre and postoperative period. The Intra Class Correction was high and significant, indicating a high degree of internal reliability between professionals. CONCLUSION: A significant difference was noted in the aesthetic evaluation of the abdomen when compared the two groups with different BMI: the control group (BMI between 18,5 and 24,9) presented superior results in grades in both the pre and post results for all evaluators. Both groups showed significant improvement in aesthetic evaluation after lipoabdominoplasty, but the gain between the pre and the postoperative was higher in the group with BMI between 25 and 29.9

O avanço de estudos na área do comportamento do consumidor nas últimas duas décadas, com proposições e testes de modelos sobre confiança, satisfação, lealdade, risco, valor percebido, entre outros, bem como estudos conceituais destes e outros construtos, vem desafiando a comunidade acadêmica a realizar pesquisas inovadoras, que tragam um diferencial para a teoria de marketing. Neste sentido, este trabalho baseia-se no entendimento e desenvolvimento do construto Esperança, importante na compreensão do comportamento do consumidor e, objeto de poucos e recentes trabalhos na área de marketing. Foi escolhido para o estudo, o consumidor de cirurgia plástica estética, por causa da presença do sentimento de esperança neste processo de compra, bem como pelo risco envolvido neste tipo de consumo, enriquecendo a análise do modelo. Assim, o foco desta tese foi elaborar e testar as influências do construto Esperança num modelo teórico aplicado ao comportamento do consumidor de cirurgia plástica estética no Brasil, principalmente na relação com os construtos Satisfação do Cliente, Confiança no Médico, Expectativas, Ansiedade e Risco Percebido. São apresentadas 12 hipóteses de pesquisa, integradas a um modelo teórico, relacionando a Esperança e outros construtos que impactariam na satisfação. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas áreas pertinentes, que auxiliassem o entendimento dos construtos, de modo a se obter a descrição necessária ao processo de desenvolvimento do modelo teórico proposto, que foi testado pela Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM). O estudo foi realizado em duas fases de pesquisa, sendo uma qualitativa e a segunda quantitativa. Na primeira, foram realizados dois grupos focais com consumidoras de cirurgia plástica estética, e entrevistas em profundidade com especialistas; e, na segunda, um websurvey, obtendo-se uma amostra total de 384 pessoas, das quais 207 que já haviam realizado uma cirurgia plástica estética, e, 170 das que têm a intenção de fazer. Um modelo alternativo ainda foi testado para estas amostras, a partir das proposições levantadas nos grupos focais. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a Esperança desponta como importante construto nos modelos testados, com a confirmação de diversas hipóteses e proposições, denotando a necessidade de incluí-la em modelos futuros, pela proporção elevada de explicação que exerceria nos demais construtos, principalmente a Satisfação. Destaca-se que os modelos desta tese, apesar de complexos, apresentaram medidas adequadas, que nos deixam margem para afirmar que houve uma contribuição para a área de marketing. Limitações e futuras pesquisas são ainda consideradas ao final da tese. / In the last two decades the Consumer Behavior area has progressed through propositions and testing Models such as Trust, Satisfaction, Loyalty, Risk, Perceived Value, among others, as conceptual studies of these and other constructs have been challenging the Academic community to carry out innovative research and bring a differential to the theory of Marketing. Therefore, the present research focus on the understanding and development of the construct Hope, an important aspect for better understating the consumer behaviors and a subject fairly explored by the literature. Cosmetic Surgery consumers were chosen for this study as the presence of the feeling Hope in the decision making process, as well as perceived risk, can enrich the Models. The focus of this Thesis was to extend and test the influence of the construct Hope in a theoretical Model applied on consumers of aesthetic plastic surgery in Brazil, mainly in relation to the constructs of Customer Satisfaction, Trust (in doctor), Expectations, Anxiety and Perceived Risk. Hence 12 hypotheses were proposed and united in a theoretical Model which the construct Hope was related to constructs that tends to impact on consumers satisfaction. A literature review in the relevant fields was conducted aiming to provide a better understanding of the constructs adopted in the Model proposed as way to obtain the necessary description of the development process, which was tested by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Two phase data collection were conducted for this research adopting qualitative methods at the first stage and quantitative at the second. At first two focus groups with female cosmetic surgery consumers followed by in-depth interviews with experts accomplished the qualitative phase. For the quantitative stage a web survey was applied and obtained a total sample of 384 females, including 207 consumers who had made aesthetics plastic surgery and 170 consumes with the intentions to do it. Based on the propositions that appeared in the focus groups an extended Model was tested using the sample described above. The result shows that Hope emerges as an important construct in the Model tested, with a confirmation of different hypotheses and propositions emphasizing the need to include the construct Hope in future Models due to the high proportion of explanation this construct would play with the others, especially with the construct Satisfaction. Its important to observe that the Models applied in this Thesis, despite their complexity, were able to present appropriate measurements allowing saying that this research has made a contribution to the field of Marketing. Limitations and future research were also considered at the end of this Thesis.

Bakgrund: Dysmorfofobi har uppmärksammats mer den senaste tiden, trots detta är området outforskat och okunskap hos sjuksköterskan kan leda till ohälsa hos dessa patienter. Dysmorfofobi kännetecknas av överdriven upptagenhet av utseendet där patienter som besväras av dysmorfofobi ofta söker kosmetisk kirurgi för att förbättra utseendet. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hur hälsan påverkas hos patienter som lever med dysmorfofobi i samband med kosmetisk kirurgi. Metod: Studien utfördes som en litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats där åtta resultatartiklar med kvantitativ metod analyserades med stöd av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Två kategorier framkom ur analysen: avsaknad av hälsa i samband med kosmetisk kirurgi med en underkategori, samt resultat av kosmetisk kirurgi med två underkategorier. Patienter med dysmorfofoba symtom som söker kosmetisk kirurgi tenderade att uppleva avsaknad av hälsa, där vissa patienter upplevde förbättring av symtom och därmed hälsa postoperativt medan andra ej upplevde förbättring av symtom. Konklusion: Avsaknad av hälsa förekom hos patienter som sökte kosmetisk kirurgi som behandling och visades ha olika resultat beroende på vilken grad av dysmorfofoba symtom patienter visades besitta. Denna kunskap tillsammans med preoperativ screening av dysmorfofobi skulle kunna underlätta för sjuksköterskan att främja hälsan på bästa sätt för dessa patienter. / Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has received more attention lately. Despite this, the subject is unexplored and ignorance among nurses can lead to health problems in these patients. BDD is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with appearance where these patients often seek cosmetic surgery to correct the appearance. Purpose: To examine how health is affected in patients living with BDD in relation to cosmetic surgery. Method: An inductive approach was used in this literature study where eight articles with quantitative method was used and analyzed through content analyze. Results: Two categories emerged from the analyze: lack of health in relation to cosmetic surgery with one subcategory and outcomes of cosmetic surgery with two subcategories. Patients with BDD symptoms seeking cosmetic surgery tended to experience lack of health where some patients improved symptoms and thus health after surgery, while others did not experience improvement. Conclusion: Lack of health occurred in patients seeking cosmetic surgery as treatment and had different outcomes depending on the degree of BDD symptoms patients showed. This insight along with preoperative screening of BDD could make it easier for nurses to promote beneficial health of these patients.

This study explored whether women who have breast augmentation are more vulnerable to negative stereotypes about their intelligence and abilities than women who do not elect to have breast augmentation. Furthermore, whether the motivation for seeking such surgery contributes to stereotypes was also explored. Participants in this study read experimentally manipulated biographies of a fictitious female author, followed by her short story. The only manipulation was one line in the author's biography which varied the reason for the plastic surgery across 4 conditions (for herself, for her significant other, for medical reconstructive reasons, or no surgery). The participants were asked to read and evaluate the author and her work. The results of this study suggest that women who elect to have plastic surgery for herself or her husband are perceived as being less deep. The results also suggest that women who have previously elected to have plastic surgery judged the authors' fictional work more critically when she had plastic surgery for herself or for her husband.

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No description available.

Cosmetic surgery is more widely accepted than ever. Appearance dissatisfaction and increased investment in appearance, or appearance orientation, have been linked to more favorable attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. Cognitive behavioral models of social anxiety were reviewed and integrated with existing theories of body image to provide a theoretical background for the exploration of influences on acceptance of cosmetic surgery. In this investigation, the relationships between subjective evaluations of appearance, appearance orientation (AO), fear of negative evaluation (FNE), and attitudes towards cosmetic surgery using the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS; Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005) were explored in two samples of women. Sample 1 consisted of 327 undergraduate women (M age = 20.50, SD = 4.30); Sample 2 consisted of 102 female volunteers (M age = 34.04, SD = 9.18). In Sample 1, lower overall and feature-specific attractiveness and greater dissatisfaction with appearance were related to increased ACSS, and AO was positively correlated with FNE, which was strongly related to ACSS. In both samples, individuals with lower self-rated attractiveness and appearance satisfaction had higher FNE. In Sample 1, FNE partially mediated the relationship between AO and general attitudes towards surgery, social motivations for surgery, and consideration of future surgery. FNE did not mediate the relationship between AO and acceptance of surgery based on intrapersonal factors, nor was there evidence of mediation by FNE for any of the ACSS factors in Sample 2. Next, a reverse mediation model was tested to examine the initial hypothesized ordering of variables. In Sample 1, AO partially or fully mediated the relationship between FNE and the ACSS total and factor scores, calling into question the hypothesized ordering of predictors in our initial model. There was no evidence of mediation by AO in Sample 2. Lastly, a model in which FNE was hypothesized to strengthen the ability of AO to predict ACSS was tested. No evidence of a moderation effect for any of the factors of ACSS was found in either sample. The results of this investigation suggest that features of social anxiety may be a fruitful area for continued research that may inform a more thorough understanding of body image and its influences on attitudes towards, pursuit of, and satisfaction with cosmetic surgery. / Psychology

Unga kvinnors press att se ut på ett visst sätt ökar som i sin tur leder till att skönhetsingrepp blir mer vanligt. Tidigare forskning har visat att kroppsmissnöje är en anledning till att unga kvinnor väljer att genomföra skönhetsingrepp. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka unga kvinnors perspektiv på kosmetiska skönhetsingrepp. För att möjliggöra detta har en kvalitativ intervjumetod använts med åtta kvinnliga deltagare mellan 21–28 år som genomgått något typ av kosmetiskt ingrepp. En tematisk analys har använts för att analysera materialet. Resultatet pekar bland annat på kroppsmissnöje och kroppskomplex som har varit bidragande orsaker till kvinnornas genomföranden av kosmetiska ingrepp. Hos deltagarna var förbättrad självkänsla efter genomfört ingrepp en tydlig konsekvens och de hade en positiv inställning till skönhetsingrepp. I helhet visar studien att faktorer som sociala medier upplevs bidra till valet att utföra ett skönhetsingrepp och en positiv syn av skönhetsingrepp syns bland deltagarna. Studien har bidragit med ökad kunskap om bakomliggande orsaker till att unga kvinnor väljer att genomföra skönhetsingrepp.

This study examined the effects of viewing sexually explicit media on men's body image, body change behaviors, and esteem in a randomized experimental study. The purpose was to determine if a cause and effect relationship exists between viewing sexually explicit media and body image dissatisfaction in men. Participants were randomized to one of four conditions. They were asked to view a short media clip and then answer a series of questionnaires assessing their current body change strategies (e.g., pathogenic weight control practices), interest in risky body behaviors (e.g., cosmetic surgery), esteem (i.e., genital, sexual, and self-esteem), and overall body image satisfaction. It was hypothesized that men exposed to the sexually explicit media condition would evidence more dissatisfaction with their bodies, utilize more body change strategies, and have more interest in risky body change behaviors. It was also hypothesized that men exposed to the sexually explicit condition would evidence poorer self-esteem, sexual esteem, and genital esteem relative to participants in the other conditions. The hypotheses were not supported. There were no significant differences among any of the conditions, including a more specific analysis between the control and sexually explicit conditions. As this differs from findings of similar studies with female participants, it is important for future studies to further examine this topic and to identify protective factors that may exist for men who view sexually explicit materials.

Communication research has begun to assess the unique relationship between social comparison, social media, and body image (Lewallen & Behm-Morawitz, 2016), yet little research has been done to assess the unique connection between body dissatisfaction, social media filters, and cosmetic surgery (Beos et al., 2021). Studies have found that viewing edited body images on Instagram positively correlates with decreased body satisfaction and behaviors of body objectification (Tiggemann, & Barbato, 2018). This study used a series of scales to measure individuals' media exposure (MTUAS: Rosen et al., 2013) body area satisfaction (BASS; Brown et al., 1990), facial region satisfaction (FRSS; Guthrie et al., 2008), cosmetic surgery normative beliefs (ACSS; Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005), and Instagram appearance comparison (IACS; Di Gesto et al., 2020) in conjunction with eye-tracking, and social comparison theory (Festinger, 1954). Measures were used to assess characteristics in visual processing behavior among women at differing levels of IACS, BASS, FRSS, and ACSS, and if media exposure and Instagram comparison tendencies are connected to body area satisfaction and cosmetic surgery normative beliefs. A sample of 120 females 18 years of age and older who use social media completed the scales two weeks before being eye-tracked where they viewed three images of a female's face with and without makeup and one that had been digitally enhanced. Results revealed that media exposure was not connected to cosmetic surgery normative beliefs and that Instagram comparison tendencies were not linked to cosmetic surgery normative beliefs with visual attention, yet a positive trend was observed in that direction. Implications for social comparison theory and recommendations for future research relating to facial beauty filters are discussed.