This report describes a study of how educationalists, from one preschool group, approach to and respond to children ́s creative activity in preschool. To answer the survey ́s purpose I used four research questions, which is the following: -What function do the educationalists give the creative activity in the working? -How do they see the importance of thecreative activity for thechild and its development? -How doeducationalists considerthat theyrespond to the child's creative activity? -Is thereany norms surrounding creative activity in preschool? The theoretical base of the study is rooted in the sociocultural perspective, where creative activity and visual arts can be seen as mediating cultural tools. The method is a qualitative interview of five preschooleducationalists. The conclusion is that these educationalists works with creative activity in aconsciousway, as they for instance seize the communicative function which takes place in the creative activity and visual arts. They use this function to create conditions for children ́s development and learning. They also see the function of processing expressions, and the link to play and imagination. In their work with creative activity they seem to have an agreement about the process as a central part, while it in contrast to this seems like the children is mostly focusing at the motive. The creative activity also seemsto be tightly linked to culture, in several ways, both societal and local. And the experience from home seems to be important. The conclusion also shows that the creative activity in preschool really is surrounded by norms. Which shows up to depend on, for instance, children ́s gender. But the norms also showto differ between adults and children, where they lean in different directions regarding to intentions and taste.

Submitted by Milenna Moraes Figueiredo (milennasjn@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T18:54:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pagelthais.pdf: 6698686 bytes, checksum: 89162ff8ba0fae9956f6a650ebd85508 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T18:54:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pagelthais.pdf: 6698686 bytes, checksum: 89162ff8ba0fae9956f6a650ebd85508 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O presente trabalho apresenta-se através da importância da atividade criadora tensionada ao trabalho alienado, seja nas relações sociais ou nas relações com o meio ambiente. Nele, busquei enfocar a questão da atividade criadora como contribuição ao processo político do trabalho atrelada aos princípios de uma Educação Ambiental crítica, transformadora e emancipatória ao visar a superação da alienação proposta pela sociedade do capital. Seu objetivo principal é a investigação de recortes de realidades simbolicamente construídos pelos artesãos do “Brique na Estação”, especialmente relacionados às transformações sociais e ambientais que priorizem a emancipação dos sujeitos e de suas gerações futuras no que se refere ao cuidado ambiental. Trago, como proposta teórica e metodológica, uma pesquisa participativa e qualitativa a partir da análise de conteúdo, através de categorias analíticas e empíricas, de acordo com Maria Cecília Minayo, de entrevistas com sujeitos artesãos da cidade de Montenegro/RS – a chamada “Cidade das Artes”. A fundamentação teórica que contribui para a compreensão do tema e do objeto de pesquisa apresenta-se, principalmente, a partir da atividade criadora em Fayga Ostrower e da Educação Ambiental crítica, transformadora e emancipatória em Carlos Loureiro, por meio de sua busca pela superação da alienação numa sociedade que valoriza formas de reprodução do conhecimento e da conservação da realidade. A pesquisa possibilitou enfocar a problemática da alienação na contemporaneidade do pensamento de István Mészáros e Ricardo Antunes, como forma de suprir a necessidade da problematização da realidade historicamente construída. Marx, em seu tempo, reflete muito dos problemas da nossa atualidade e, com o auxílio de Mészáros, é possível desvelar a realidade a partir de sua historicidade. Busquei pesquisar, nas entrevistas com os sujeitos artesãos, a relação entre atividade criadora e trabalho alienado, bem como suas repercussões socioambientais, como forma de Educação Ambiental não formal, na expectativa de que tal processo não pode existir sem sujeitos pensantes e na complexidade de suas relações dialógicas com outros sujeitos e com o mundo. Assim, as tensões que encontrei satisfazem a pesquisa enquanto possibilidade de Educação Ambiental não formal na medida em que contribuem com a criticidade e a problematização da realidade. Portanto, considero que esta tensão esteve sempre presente nas entrevistas, e possibilitou o desvelamento da realidade a partir de sua problematização, principalmente através dos diversos problemas vividos pelos protagonistas das entrevistas, seja na busca por maior divulgação de seu trabalho criativo, seja na busca por transformações socioambientais. / This work is presented through the importance of creative activity tensioned to alienated labor, either in social relations or relations with the environment. In it, I tried to focus on the issue of creative activity as a contribution to the political process tied to the principles of a critical, transformative and emancipatory Environmental Education work to aim at overcoming alienation of capital proposed by the company. Its main objective is the investigation of clippings realities symbolically constructed by craftsmen "on Brique Station", especially related to social and environmental changes that prioritize the emancipation of individuals and their future generations in relation to environmental care. Bring, as a theoretical and methodological approach, participatory and qualitative research from the content analysis through analytical and empirical categories, according to Maria Cecilia Minayo, interviews with subject artisans from the city of Montenegro / RS - called "City the Arts. "The theoretical framework that contributes to the understanding of the subject and the object of research is presented mainly from the creative activity in Fayga Ostrower and Environmental Education critical, transformative and emancipatory in Carlos Loureiro, through its quest for overcoming alienation in a society that values forms of reproduction of knowledge and conservation of reality. The research focus has enabled the problem of alienation in contemporary thought István Mészáros and Ricardo Antunes, as a way to meet the need of questioning the reality historically constructed. Marx, in his time, reflects many of the problems of our times and, with the aid of Mészáros, it is possible to unveil the reality from its historicity. Sought research, interviews with the subjects artisans, the relationship between creative activity and alienated labor, as well as their social and environmental impact, as a form of non-formal environmental education, with the expectation that such a process can not exist without thinking subjects and the complexity of their dialogical relations with other subjects and with the world. Thus, the stresses satisfy the research found that while the possibility of non-formal environmental education in that it contributes to the criticality and the questioning of reality. So consider that this tension was always present in interviews and allowed the unveiling of reality from his problematic, mainly through the various problems faced by the protagonists of the interviews, is the search for greater disclosure of your creative work, be it in the search for social and environmental transformations.

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur pedagoger på två förskolor med olika pedagogisk inriktning ser på mötet med barn inom bild- och formskapande. Frågeställningarna behandlar hur pedagoger arbetar och vill arbeta med skapande, om och hur synen på barn och barns utveckling skiljer sig samt hur pedagoger uppfattar att barn upplever skapande.</p><p> </p><p>Intervjuer med sju pedagoger är gjorda på en Montessoriförskola och en Reggio Emilia-inspirerad förskola. Intervjuerna är inspelade på band och samtidigt gjordes även anteckningar. Intervjuerna är sedan transkriberade, tolkade och analyserade. I samband med intervjuerna är även fotografier tagna på förskolornas bild- och formskapande utrymmen.  </p><p> </p><p>Resultatet visade att synen på barn inte skiljer sig nämnvärt mellan Montessoriförskolan och den Reggio Emilia-inspirerade förskolan. Samtliga pedagoger på båda förskolorna ser barn som kompetenta och upplever att barn utvecklas genom, och är positiva, till bild- och formskapande. Den Reggio Emilia-inspirerade förskolan arbetar dock i högre omfattning med planerad bild- och formskapande verksamhet i jämförelse med Montessoriförskolan. På Montessoriförskolan önskar pedagogerna att de hade mer tid och resurser till bild- och formskapande verksamhet, i nuläget arbetar de enbart spontant med skapande.  </p>

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur pedagoger på två förskolor med olika pedagogisk inriktning ser på mötet med barn inom bild- och formskapande. Frågeställningarna behandlar hur pedagoger arbetar och vill arbeta med skapande, om och hur synen på barn och barns utveckling skiljer sig samt hur pedagoger uppfattar att barn upplever skapande.   Intervjuer med sju pedagoger är gjorda på en Montessoriförskola och en Reggio Emilia-inspirerad förskola. Intervjuerna är inspelade på band och samtidigt gjordes även anteckningar. Intervjuerna är sedan transkriberade, tolkade och analyserade. I samband med intervjuerna är även fotografier tagna på förskolornas bild- och formskapande utrymmen.     Resultatet visade att synen på barn inte skiljer sig nämnvärt mellan Montessoriförskolan och den Reggio Emilia-inspirerade förskolan. Samtliga pedagoger på båda förskolorna ser barn som kompetenta och upplever att barn utvecklas genom, och är positiva, till bild- och formskapande. Den Reggio Emilia-inspirerade förskolan arbetar dock i högre omfattning med planerad bild- och formskapande verksamhet i jämförelse med Montessoriförskolan. På Montessoriförskolan önskar pedagogerna att de hade mer tid och resurser till bild- och formskapande verksamhet, i nuläget arbetar de enbart spontant med skapande.

Master's thesis applies theme unknown landscape. The theoretical part is devoted to concept landscape, which is viewed from different perspectives in the work; from defining the landscape as a generic term through subjective perception to the possibility of its use as an imaginative space. The research part describes field research, which deals with issues of different interpretations of landscape perception by children of younger school age. Within the framework of the didactic part are presented the tasks in which the theme of an unknown country is reflected in various forms and are designed for art lessons in elementary schools. Finally practic part of my work comes out from theme unknown countryside and I try to express my own artistic expression. KEYWORDS Imagination, spatial concepts, space, unknown landscape, field research, children of younger school age, creative activity

Sammandrag  Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka elevers uppfattning om sina möjligheter att vara skapande i skolan, vilka förutsättningar som finns för skapande verksamhet och kulturupplevelser samt hur man uppfyller det styrdokumenten säger gällande estetisk verksamhet i en landsortsskola.  Kvantitativ metod i form av enkätundersökningar har använts tillsammans med strukturerade observationer. Undersökningen har genomförts på mellanstadiet i en landsortsskola i västra Värmland och omfattats av 151 elever och åtta lärare. Det empiriska materialet visar att eleverna har störst möjlighet att vara skapande i de ämnen där observationerna pekade på god måluppfyllelse, där eleverna var delaktiga i sitt eget lärande samt då lokalerna var ändamålsenliga. Materialet visar även att man i liten omfattning erbjuder kulturupplevelser i skolan.  Arbetets forskningsavsnitt stödjer den skapande verksamhetens betydelse i skolan genom att behandla styrdokument, utveckling och lärande, skapandeprocessen samt betydelsen av upplevelser och intryck. / Abstract  The aim of this study has been to examine students' perception of their ability to be creative in school, what conditions that exist for creative activities and cultural experiences, and how to the school comply with the steering documents regarding arts in school.  Quantitative method in the form of questionnaires has been used along with structured observations. The research has taken place in a primary school in western Värmland and involved 151 pupils and eight teachers. The empirical data indicates that students have the greatest opportunity to be creative in subjects where the observations pointed towards good target achievement, where students were involved in their own learning as well as were the physical premises were appropriate. The material also indicates that the pupils are offered cultural experiences only to a very limited extent in school.  This study’s research section supports that the creative activities are highly relevant to school by discussing policy documents, development and learning research, creative process and the importance of experiences and impressions.

Diploma work is separated into two parts, one is teoretical and the second is practical. Teoretic part defines and describes topics of motivation, leisure time and older school age. It links and specifies connections between them. The practical part is trying to apply theoretical knowledge about motivation and use it in the real world with older children through creative project. The main source of this project is book from Jonathan Livingston Seagull. The project is trying to use a non-violent way to develop pubescent{\crq}s imagination, creativity and ability of self-realization. It uses dramatic education, creative activity and physical activities to acomplish this goal.

Объектом исследования явились психологические особенности подростков. Предметом исследования послужили психологические особенности подростков, занимающихся в школе искусств, в контексте занятий творческой деятельностью. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (73 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя описание применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 81 страница, на которых размещены 4 рисунка и 13 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и методологическая база, а также практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор отечественной литературы по теме психологических особенностей подростков. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию психологических черт личности творческих детей, проблематике мотивации к обучению в детской школе искусств в контексте подросткового возраста, вопросам построения психологического сопровождения воспитанников в детских школах искусств. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: опроснику «Определение творческих способностей» Г. Дэвиса, опроснику «Определение типов мышления и уровня креативности (творческих способностей)» Дж. Брунера, опроснику «Личностная креативность» Е. Е. Туник, тесту «Мотивация учебной деятельности: уровни и типы» И. С. Домбровской. Также в главе представлен сравнительный анализ результатов исследования в зависимости от вида творческой деятельности. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the psychological characteristics of adolescents. The subject of the study was the psychological characteristics of adolescents engaged in art school, in the context of creative activities. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (73 sources) and an appendix, which includes a description of the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 81 pages, which contain 4 figures and 13 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the research, defines the object and subject of the research, formulates hypotheses, specifies methods and methodological basis, as well as the practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of Russian literature on the topic of psychological characteristics of adolescents. The sections devoted to the study of the psychological personality traits of creative children, the problems of motivation to study in a children's art school in the context of adolescence, the issues of building psychological support for students in children's art schools are presented. The conclusions of the first chapter are the results of the study of the theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization and methods studies and results obtained by all used methods: questionnaire "Definition of creativity" the City of Davis questionnaire "to determine the types of thinking and level of creativity (creative abilities)" George. For Bruner, the questionnaire of "Personal creativity" E. E. Tunick, test "Motivation of educational activity: levels and types of" I. С. Dombrovskaya. The chapter also presents a comparative analysis of the results of the study, depending on the type of creative activity. The conclusions of chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are summarized and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

<p>English title: Parents’ expectations of municipal school of music and of arts.</p><p>Thesis in Music Education by Jonathan Lilliedahl. Part of the work for the master´s degree. Studies from School of Music, University of Örebro, 2007. Available from School of Music, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden. Original in Swedish.</p><p>Keywords: parents’ expectations, municipal school of music and of arts, music education, childrens’ development, creative activity, parental influence, municipal activity.</p><p>The essay concerns parents’ expectations within municipal school of music and of arts. The main aim is to elucidate and understand parents’ expectations of the school and purposes about their childrens activity, and then, discuss the results towards the concept and the didactic of the school.</p><p>The method has been Grounded Theory. The results are grounded on qualitative interviews with twelve parents from different municipalities and the empirical material has been encoded into categories of various kinds.</p><p>The results, which have been encoded for a several times and on different levels, indicate that parents have different purposes to each other, but also that each parent has different purposes in various contexts. A joint comprehensive aim and expectation is that the school and their teachers should enable an all-embracing development. Underlying, there are musical targets and objectives towards music as means. The parents take both individual- and group perspectives.</p><p>The results can also illustrate that parents in many cases adapt their expectations to the existing structure of the school and that many of the parents are satisfied as long as everything works. Many of the parents consider that a municipal school should be responsible for a broad education of arts, characterized by democracy and availability.</p><p>As a conclusion it may be said, while the parents’ exceptions focus on the childs’ interest and development, the municipal school of music and of arts has even more interests to satisfy and comply with.</p>

English title: Parents’ expectations of municipal school of music and of arts. Thesis in Music Education by Jonathan Lilliedahl. Part of the work for the master´s degree. Studies from School of Music, University of Örebro, 2007. Available from School of Music, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden. Original in Swedish. Keywords: parents’ expectations, municipal school of music and of arts, music education, childrens’ development, creative activity, parental influence, municipal activity. The essay concerns parents’ expectations within municipal school of music and of arts. The main aim is to elucidate and understand parents’ expectations of the school and purposes about their childrens activity, and then, discuss the results towards the concept and the didactic of the school. The method has been Grounded Theory. The results are grounded on qualitative interviews with twelve parents from different municipalities and the empirical material has been encoded into categories of various kinds. The results, which have been encoded for a several times and on different levels, indicate that parents have different purposes to each other, but also that each parent has different purposes in various contexts. A joint comprehensive aim and expectation is that the school and their teachers should enable an all-embracing development. Underlying, there are musical targets and objectives towards music as means. The parents take both individual- and group perspectives. The results can also illustrate that parents in many cases adapt their expectations to the existing structure of the school and that many of the parents are satisfied as long as everything works. Many of the parents consider that a municipal school should be responsible for a broad education of arts, characterized by democracy and availability. As a conclusion it may be said, while the parents’ exceptions focus on the childs’ interest and development, the municipal school of music and of arts has even more interests to satisfy and comply with.