Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LPO - Arlinda C Dorsa.pdf: 628933 bytes, checksum: d51c22808506cb3f6400e9abf13e8a77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-19 / This work is based on the socio-cognitive branch of the Critical Discourse Analysis, whose most important representative, since 1988, is van Dijk. It is also based on the theoretical notions of Discourse Analysis, derived from the French branch. Its subject is the study of discursive representations of cultural aspects shown by the pantaneiro - the men from Pantanal area in Mato Grosso do Sul State. The general goal is to contribute for Discourse studies in the Brazilian culture, analyzing its verbal expressions present in lyrics from South-Pantanal regional songs, from a basic text plus insertion of inter-texts and inter-discourses. In this sense, the methodological procedure consists in selecting and analyzing as a whole, local music lyrics, texts from History, Geography and Ethnography Discourses as well as interviews carried out with composers. The hypothesis that supports this research considers that the analytical categories - Discourse, Society and Cognition - extend themselves to the analysis of mental and linguistic representations while evaluative knowledge and cultural creeds; it also considers that the Come and Go migrations over large geographic areas guide the initiatives of the South-Pantanal man. Both hypothesis show to be convenient, since the evaluative knowledge forms are creeds imprinted in the social cognition, the cultural traits that dynamically guide, from historical roots, the building of new meanings in each contemporary period. The results from these analyses show that: 1. The lyrical inter-texts show themselves to be more suitable for handling regional culture values and, although the approached subjects are the same, because of serving different goals, the inter-discourses are diversified. 2. The History discourse originates from official documents, which bring in a linguistic form, the interests of Power; the Historiography handles with several different types of documents besides the official ones, and for this reason, they represent the facts focused on some cultural aspects. 3. The Geography discourse indicates that the semantic progression, derived from scientific discoveries in the Pantanal area in South Mato Grosso is opposed to regional traditional cultural knowledge, which is explicit in the lyrics inter-texts analyzed. 4. The ethnographic discourse approaches South-Pantanal culture, complements or opposes certain representations of it / Fundamenta-se esta tese na vertente sócio-cognitiva da Análise Crítica do Discurso da qual van Dijk, desde 1988, é seu representante e em noções teóricas da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, tendo por tema um exame de representações discursivas de aspectos culturais do homem pantaneiro sul-mato-grosssense. O objetivo geral é contribuir com os estudos discursivos da cultura brasileira e os objetivos específicos são de examinar por meio de expressões verbais presentes em textos lingüísticos, letras musicais sul-pantaneiras a partir de um texto-base e pela inserção de intertextos e interdiscursos. Nesse sentido, o procedimento metodológico consiste em selecionar e analisar como corpora, letras de músicas regionais, textos do discurso da História, da Geografia e da Etnografia e entrevistas realizadas pela pesquisadora com os compositores. A hipótese que sustenta essa pesquisa considera que as categorias analíticas: Discurso, Sociedade e Cognição, estendem-se para a análise das representações mentais e lingüísticas enquanto organização de conhecimentos avaliativos e crenças culturais e que o movimento de Ir e Vir por grandes extensões geográficas, guia as ações do homem sul pantaneiro. Ambas as hipóteses mostram-se adequadas, pois, as formas de conhecimentos avaliativos são crenças que caracterizam na cognição social, os traços culturais que guiam dinamicamente, a construção de novas significações em cada contemporaneidade, a partir de raízes históricas. Os resultados obtidos das análises indicam que: 1. Os intertextos musicais mostram-se mais adequados para o tratamento dos valores culturais regionais e embora os temas tratados sejam os mesmos, as formas de tratamento dadas pelos interdiscursos são diversificados na medida em que atendem a objetivos diferentes. 2. O discurso da História parte de documentos oficiais que trazem representados em língua, os interesses do Poder; já o discurso da Historiografia trata de diferentes tipos de documentos além dos oficiais e por essa razão representa os acontecimentos com focalização de alguns aspectos culturais. 3. O discurso da Geografia indica que a progressão semântica, decorrente das descobertas científicas da região do Pantanal do Sul de Mato Grosso é opositiva em relação aos conhecimentos regionais tradicionais culturais que estão explicitados nos intertextos analisados de musicas regionais. 4. O discurso da Etnografia que objetiva o tratamento da cultura, complementa ou se opõe a certas representações de aspectos culturais da região sul-pantaneira

O presente trabalho propõe uma estratégia de tradução para Táxi baseada principalmente na abordagem cultural da tradução em busca de reproduzir o contraste entre árabe padrão e dialeto presente no original. Táxi, do egípcio Khalid al-Khamissi, traz pequenas histórias (addtas) que retratam conversas do autor/personagem com taxistas das ruas do Cairo, nas quais os mais diversos aspectos socioculturais são abordados. Para tratar desse tópico o autor escolheu um recurso linguístico que ainda gera polêmica na prosa árabe: todos os diálogos, que compõem a maior parte da obra, estão em dialeto árabe enquanto as partes narrativas estão em árabe padrão. Esse contraste, que deriva naturalmente da situação de diglossia presente nas comunidades falantes de árabe, cria um efeito de oralidade, bem como é relevante para a lógica interna da narrativa. Assim, a proposta de tradução apresentada considerou a natureza da composição da obra, o momento histórico e o funcionamento da diglossia no Egito para buscar no português recursos para reproduzir os efeitos relevantes dessa alternância sem comprometer a representação da cultura egípcia. Para estabelecer os possíveis recursos no português foram utilizadas principalmente pesquisas do NURC/SP. / This masters dissertation proposes a strategy to translate the book Taxi to Portuguese based specially on the cultural approach to translation. The strategy aims at the reproduction of the contrast of standard Arabic and Egyptian dialect verified in the original. The book Taxi by the Egyptian author Khalid al-Khamissi, is composed by short stories (addtas) that depict conversations between the author (as a character) and taxi drivers working on the streets of Cairo. Considering that different social and cultural aspects are explored in these dialogues, the author chose a linguistic procedure that is still source of polemic in the Arabic prose studies: all the dialogues, which constitute the most part of the work, were written in Egyptian dialect, while the typical standard Arabic was used for the narrative. This contrast, which is a reflex of the presence of diglossia in the Arabic speaking communities, creates an effect of oral text, as well as is relevant for the internal logic of the narrative. Thus, the translation proposed has considered the nature of the composition, the historical moment and the way diglossia works in Egypt with the aim of reproducing the relevant effects created by the linguistic alternation of the original without compromising the depiction of the Egyptian culture. In order to stablish the possible resources present in the Portuguese language, the linguistic works from NURC/SP (studies on Educated Urban Norm of São Paulo) were specially consulted.

O presente trabalho propõe uma estratégia de tradução para Táxi baseada principalmente na abordagem cultural da tradução em busca de reproduzir o contraste entre árabe padrão e dialeto presente no original. Táxi, do egípcio Khalid al-Khamissi, traz pequenas histórias (addtas) que retratam conversas do autor/personagem com taxistas das ruas do Cairo, nas quais os mais diversos aspectos socioculturais são abordados. Para tratar desse tópico o autor escolheu um recurso linguístico que ainda gera polêmica na prosa árabe: todos os diálogos, que compõem a maior parte da obra, estão em dialeto árabe enquanto as partes narrativas estão em árabe padrão. Esse contraste, que deriva naturalmente da situação de diglossia presente nas comunidades falantes de árabe, cria um efeito de oralidade, bem como é relevante para a lógica interna da narrativa. Assim, a proposta de tradução apresentada considerou a natureza da composição da obra, o momento histórico e o funcionamento da diglossia no Egito para buscar no português recursos para reproduzir os efeitos relevantes dessa alternância sem comprometer a representação da cultura egípcia. Para estabelecer os possíveis recursos no português foram utilizadas principalmente pesquisas do NURC/SP. / This masters dissertation proposes a strategy to translate the book Taxi to Portuguese based specially on the cultural approach to translation. The strategy aims at the reproduction of the contrast of standard Arabic and Egyptian dialect verified in the original. The book Taxi by the Egyptian author Khalid al-Khamissi, is composed by short stories (addtas) that depict conversations between the author (as a character) and taxi drivers working on the streets of Cairo. Considering that different social and cultural aspects are explored in these dialogues, the author chose a linguistic procedure that is still source of polemic in the Arabic prose studies: all the dialogues, which constitute the most part of the work, were written in Egyptian dialect, while the typical standard Arabic was used for the narrative. This contrast, which is a reflex of the presence of diglossia in the Arabic speaking communities, creates an effect of oral text, as well as is relevant for the internal logic of the narrative. Thus, the translation proposed has considered the nature of the composition, the historical moment and the way diglossia works in Egypt with the aim of reproducing the relevant effects created by the linguistic alternation of the original without compromising the depiction of the Egyptian culture. In order to stablish the possible resources present in the Portuguese language, the linguistic works from NURC/SP (studies on Educated Urban Norm of São Paulo) were specially consulted.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-194) / Underpinned by the premise that any text can be studied as a translation provided it is identified as such, this study theoretically uses Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) to investigate English-Swahili healthcare texts. The aim of the study was to: identify, describe and analyse linguistic and cultural aspects in the texts; identify, describe, and analyse translation strategies used in the texts; and describe and analyse the use of illustrations in the texts. The study made use of Kruger and Wallmach’s (1997) analytical framework. The Tertium Comparationis of the study was descriptive terms, cohesive devices, translation strategies, division of texts, illustrations, text titles, and taboo words. On the linguistic aspects, the study’s main findings were: that the English texts use more descriptive terms than the Swahili texts; Swahili texts have a higher frequency use of references because it contains a number of derivational and inflectional morphemes; substitution is sparingly used whereas ellipsis is almost non-existent in Swahili texts in spite of its presence in the source texts; additive and causal conjunctions were the most prevalent in the texts; and inasmuch as there were no significant differences in the use of lexical cohesion in the ST and TT, Swahili texts were found to be more cohesive due to the slightly higher number of lexical items. Regarding the cultural aspects, it was found that translators use euphemism in the translation of words considered taboo and this informed the conclusion that there reigns the euphemism norm in Swahili texts. It equally emerged that strategies used to overcome non-lexicalisation include: use of pure loan words, use of pure loan words preceded by explanation, use of indigenised loan words, use of omission and translation by a more general word. On the other hand, translators used strategies of substitution, use of general words, paraphrasing and cultural substitution to translate words considered taboo. In addition, the study found that illustrations are used in more less the same way both in the ST and TT save for some slight modifications that are done in order to align them with the target culture expectations. Furthermore, the study theoretically effectuated four norms: explicitation norm, explicitness norm, euphemism norm, and illustration norm / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt.et Phil. (Linguistics)