abstract: Ordered mesoporous materials have tunable pore sizes between 2 and 50 nm and are characterized by ordered pore structures and high surface areas (~1000 m2/g). This makes them particularly favorable for a number of membrane applications such as protein separation, polymer extrusion, nanowire fabrication and membrane reactors. These membranes can be fabricated as top-layers on macroporous supports or as embedded membranes in a dense matrix. The first part of the work deals with the hydrothermal synthesis and water-vapor/oxygen separation properties of supported MCM-48 and a new Al-MCM-48 type membrane for potential use in air conditioning systems. Knudsen-type permeation is observed in these membranes. The combined effect of capillary condensation and the aluminosilicate matrix resulted in the highest separation factor (142) in Al-MCM-48 membranes, with a water vapor permeance of 6×10-8mol/m2Pas. The second part focuses on synthesis of embedded mesoporous silica membranes with helically ordered pores by a novel Counter Diffusion Self-Assembly (CDSA) method. This method is an extension of the interfacial synthesis method for fiber synthesis using tetrabutylorthosilicate (TBOS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the silica source and surfactant respectively. The initial part of this study determined the effect of TBOS height and humidity on fiber formation. From this study, the range of TBOS heights for best microscopic and macroscopic ordering were established. Next, the CDSA method was used to successfully synthesize membranes, which were characterized to have good support plugging and an ordered pore structure. Factors that influence membrane synthesis and plug microstructure were determined. SEM studies revealed the presence of gaps between the plugs and support pores, which occur due to shrinking of the plug on drying. Development of a novel liquid deposition method to seal these defects constituted the last part of this work. Post sealing, excess silica was removed by etching with hydrofluoric acid. Membrane quality was evaluated at each step using SEM and gas permeation measurements. After surfactant removal by liquid extraction, the membranes exhibited an O2 permeance of 1.65x10-6mol/m2.Pa.s and He/O2 selectivity of 3.30. The successful synthesis of this membrane is an exciting new development in the area of ordered mesoporous membrane technology. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Chemical Engineering 2011

Software quality ensures that applications that are developed are failure free. Some modern systems are intricate, due to the complexity of their information processes. Software fault prediction is an important quality assurance activity, since it is a mechanism that correctly predicts the defect proneness of modules and classifies modules that saves resources, time and developers’ efforts. In this study, a model that selects relevant features that can be used in defect prediction was proposed. The literature was reviewed and it revealed that process metrics are better predictors of defects in version systems and are based on historic source code over time. These metrics are extracted from the source-code module and include, for example, the number of additions and deletions from the source code, the number of distinct committers and the number of modified lines. In this research, defect prediction was conducted using open source software (OSS) of software product line(s) (SPL), hence process metrics were chosen. Data sets that are used in defect prediction may contain non-significant and redundant attributes that may affect the accuracy of machine-learning algorithms. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of classification models, features that are significant in the defect prediction process are utilised. In machine learning, feature selection techniques are applied in the identification of the relevant data. Feature selection is a pre-processing step that helps to reduce the dimensionality of data in machine learning. Feature selection techniques include information theoretic methods that are based on the entropy concept. This study experimented the efficiency of the feature selection techniques. It was realised that software defect prediction using significant attributes improves the prediction accuracy. A novel MICFastCR model, which is based on the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) was developed to select significant attributes and Fast Correlation Based Filter (FCBF) to eliminate redundant attributes. Machine learning algorithms were then run to predict software defects. The MICFastCR achieved the highest prediction accuracy as reported by various performance measures. / School of Computing / Ph. D. (Computer Science)

La crise de l’eau dans le monde et la pénurie des ressources en eau exigent une bonne gestion de cette précieuse ressource. La bonne gestion passe en premier lieu par un réseau d’adduction d’eau potable fiable avec un faible taux de fuite. Les fuites causées par la rupture des canalisations, phénomène assez fréquent en milieu urbain, s’amorcent sur un défaut dû à la corrosion ou autres. L’amorçage et la propagation de la fissure se fait par fatigue sous l’effet de contraintes engendrées par le passage des véhicules, ou brutalement à cause du phénomène de coup de bélier. La gravité de ces phénomènes dépend de plusieurs paramètres y compris la nature du matériau des conduites. Les matériaux polymères, comme le PEHD, occupent une bonne partie du marché de transport d’eau, grâce à leurs multiples qualités (coût réduit, facilité de pose, flexibilité), notamment dans les réseaux de distribution (réseau secondaire). L’utilisation de ce matériau dans les réseaux d’adduction (aqueducs) est en pleine expansion mais beaucoup moins étudier dans les travaux de recherche. L’objectif de la thèse consiste à étudier le risque de rupture des conduites en polyéthylène haute densité destinée à l’adduction d’eau potable ainsi que leurs résistances au phénomène de coup de bélier. Pour répondre à cette problématique, en premier lieu nous avons caractérisé expérimentalement le comportement mécanique à la rupture des conduites en PEHD. Ensuite, nous avons développé un outil numérique de calcul par élément fini permettant de modéliser la rupture des conduites. À l'issue de cette étude nous avons proposé un modèle semi-empirique reliant la pression d’amorçage d’une fissure à la taille du défaut préexistant ainsi qu’aux dimensions de la conduite. Finalement, nous avons appliqué les outils développés sur un réseau d’adduction d’eau potable existant. Le comportement d’une conduite en PEHD soumise à un phénomène de coup de bélier a été analysé / The water crisis in the world and the shortage of water resources require good management of this precious resource. Good management requires, first and foremost, a reliable drinking water supply system with low leakage rate. Leakage caused by the rupture of pipes, fairly frequent phenomenon in urban areas, initiate from a pre-existing defect in the pipe wall. The initiation and propagation of the crack occur under environmental stress caused by passing vehicles, or it can happen brutally due to water hammer phenomenon. The severity of these phenomena depends on several parameters including the nature of the piping material. Polymeric materials such as HDPE, take a great part of the water transport market, thanks to their many qualities (reduced cost, ease of installation, flexibility), especially in secondary network distribution system. Currently, the use of this material in the supply networks (aqueducts) is booming but less studied in research works. The aim of the present work is to study the failure of high density polyethylene pipes for the supply of drinking water and their resistance to water hammer phenomenon. In order to address this issue, first we have characterized experimentally the mechanical fracture behavior of HDPE pipe. Then, we have developed a finite element calculation tool allowing the modeling of pipes subjected to internal pressure loads. As a result of this numerical study, we proposed a semi-empirical model linking the failure pressure to the size of pre-existing defects as well as the pipe dimensions. Finally, we applied the developed tools on an existing drinking water system. The behavior of HDPE pipe subjected to a water hammer phenomenon was analyzed

Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse à l’évolution de la microstructure sous irradiation d’alliages de titane, en vue de leur potentielle utilisation dans le domaine du nucléaire. Une étude paramétrique (température, dose et flux d’irradiation) a donc été menée, à l’aide de simulations d’irradiations neutroniques par des irradiations aux ions (plateforme JANNuS – Saclay), sur les alliages T40 et TA6V, et de caractérisations microstructurales qualitatives et quantitatives post irradiation (MET, analyse d’image, SAT). Ainsi, différents défauts d’irradiation ont été identifiés. En particulier, la présence de boucles à composante <c> dans l’alliage T40 et de précipités riches en vanadium dans l’alliage TA6V a clairement pu être mise en évidence dès la température de 300°C. La microstructure résultante est fortement dépendante des paramètres d’irradiation et de l’alliage de titane considéré. Un effet important de la température (entre 300°C et 430°C) a été noté sur les boucles de dislocations de type <a> pour l’alliage T40 et sur les précipités pour l’alliage TA6V. Les doses et les flux considérés à 300°C ne modifient pas la distribution des défauts des deux alliages. A 430°C, l’augmentation de la dose modifie peu le paysage des boucles de dislocations de type <a> pour l’alliage TA6V contrairement à l’alliage T40. Les précipités, quant à eux ne semblent pas affectés par l’augmentation de la dose. Une analyse des mécanismes mis en jeu est proposée. Enfin, des essais de nano-indentation ont permis une première description du lien microstructure / propriétés mécaniques. A 430°C, l'alliage T40 ne semble pas être impacté mécaniquement par l’évolution de la microstructure avec la dose d’irradiation contrairement à l'alliage TA6V / This PhD work deals with microstructural evolution of titanium alloys under irradiation, due to their potential use in the nuclear field. Parametric study (temperature, dose and irradiation flux) was conducted, using ion irradiations (JANNuS – Saclay platform) to simulate neutron irradiation damage. Two titanium alloys (CP Ti grade 2 and Ti-6Al-4V) were considered and qualitative and quantitative post irradiation microstructural characterizations were done (TEM, image analysis, APT). Thus, various irradiation defects were identified. In particular, presence of <c>-component loops was highlighted in CP Ti grade 2 and vanadium-rich precipitates in Ti-6Al-4V from the temperature of 300°C. Resulting microstructure is hardly depending on irradiation parameters and considered titanium alloys. Important effect of temperature (between 300°C and 430°C) was noted on <a>-type dislocation loops in CP Ti grade 2 and precipitates in Ti-6Al-4V. At 300°C, dose and flux have no effect on the defect distribution of the two titanium alloys. At 430°C, the increase of dose has a little consequence on the <a>-type dislocation loops in Ti-6Al-4V, contrary to the ones observed in CP Ti grade 2. Precipitates, observed in Ti-6Al-4V, do not seem to be affected by the increase of the dose. Analysis of involved mechanisms is proposed. Finally, nano-indentation tests have allowed to get first description of the link between microstructure and mechanical properties. At 430°C, CP Ti grade 2 do not seem to be affected mechanically by the microstructural evolution with the irradiation dose, contrary to Ti-6Al-4V

O presente trabalho analisa os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil pelo fato do produto e do serviço no direito brasileiro. O estudo está centrado na controvérsia entre a teoria formalista e a teoria funcionalista, que apresentam concepções distintas de direito privado. Para avaliar essa controvérsia e fornecer os fundamentos da responsabilidade civil pelo fato do produto e do serviço, são desenvolvidos os sentidos de justiça aristotélica e de direito kantiano. O estudo decide, com base nos referidos conhecimentos, entre a aplicação da teoria clássica da culpa, da teoria do risco ou de uma teoria específica. / The present study analyzes the basis of product and service related torts in Brazilian law. It is centered in the controversy between the formalist and the funcionalist theories, which have distinct conceptions of private law. The meanings of Aristotelian justice and Kantian law are developed in order to acess this controversy as well as to provide the basis of the legal discipline of product and service related torts. The research decides, based on such knowledge, between the application of the classical theory of fault, of the risk theory or, for the elaboration of a specific theory.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-23T17:27:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Flavio de Carvalho.pdf: 5659909 bytes, checksum: d5f85d5e5192dc307c143bf509b82aac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-08T12:05:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Flavio de Carvalho.pdf: 5659909 bytes, checksum: d5f85d5e5192dc307c143bf509b82aac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T12:05:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Flavio de Carvalho.pdf: 5659909 bytes, checksum: d5f85d5e5192dc307c143bf509b82aac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Este estudo avaliou o comportamento histomorfológico in vivo de matrizes tridimensionais de quitosana com 4% e 15% de graus de acetilação, em um defeito crítico de 9mm de diâmetro criado em calvária de rato. Sessenta ratos Wistar albinus, dispostos em três grupos, foram avaliados. No grupo GI (grupo controle) o defeito foi preenchido apenas com coágulo sanguíneo; no grupo GII, o defeito foi preenchido com uma biomatriz de quitosana de 4% de grau de acetilação; no grupo GIII o defeito foi preenchido com uma matriz de quitosana de 15% de grau de acetilação, avaliados nos pontos biológicos de 7, 15, 45 e 120 dias. Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significantes entre os grupos avaliados, quanto ao reparo ósseo, que se manteve limitado às bordas ósseas do defeito, de forma reparativa. Os grupos GII e GIII apresentaram uma reação inflamatória predominantemente granulomatosa, com deposição de tecido fibroso entre os biomateriais implantados. Concluiu-se que ambos os biomateriais foram biocompatíveis, entretanto não houve neoformação óssea associada à sua implantação. / Salvador

One of the important aims of the continuous software development process is to localize and remove all existing program bugs as fast as possible. Such goal is highly related to software engineering and defectiveness estimation. Many big companies started to store source code in software repositories as the later grew in popularity. These repositories usually include static source code as well as detailed data for defects in software units. This allows analyzing all the data without interrupting programing process. The main problem of large, complex software is impossibility to control everything manually while the price of the error can be very high. This might result in developers missing defects on testing stage and increase of maintenance cost. The general research goal is to find a way of predicting future software defectiveness with high precision. Reducing maintenance and development costs will contribute to reduce the time-to-market and increase software quality. To address the problem of estimating residual defects an approach was found to predict residual defectiveness of a software by the means of machine learning. For a prime machine learning algorithm, a regression decision tree was chosen as a simple and reliable solution. Data for this tree is extracted from static source code repository and divided into two parts: software metrics and defect data. Software metrics are formed from static code and defect data is extracted from reported issues in the repository. In addition to already reported bugs, they are augmented with unreported bugs found on “discussions” section in repository and parsed by a natural language processor. Metrics were filtered to remove ones, that were not related to defect data by applying correlation algorithm. Remaining metrics were weighted to use the most correlated combination as a training set for the decision tree. As a result, built decision tree model allows to forecast defectiveness with 89% chance for the particular product. This experiment was conducted using GitHub repository on a Java project and predicted number of possible bugs in a single file (Java class). The experiment resulted in designed method for predicting possible defectiveness from a static code of a single big (more than 1000 files) software version.

Le polytype cubique du carbure de silicium (3C-SiC) est un matériau très prometteur pour les applications MEMS. En plus de sa tenue mécanique et chimique, il peut être épitaxié sur des substrats Si de faible coût. De plus, l'hétéroépitaxie multiple, c’est-à-dire quand on empile plusieurs couches Si et 3C-SiC peut ouvrir des pistes pour de nouveaux dispositifs à base de 3C-SiC. Vue la complexité de développer de telles hétérostructures, nous avons procédé à l'amélioration de la qualité de chaque couche séparément. De plus, nous avons mené une étude approfondie sur la nature des défauts dans chaque couche. Après le développement de l'hétérostructure complète, nous avons procédé à la fabrication de microstructures à base de cet empilement. Nous présentons une méthode inédite pour former des membranes de 3C-SiC auto-supportées. Cette technique simplifie considérablement le procédé de fabrication de membranes tout en réduisant le temps de fabrication et le coût. En outre, elle aide à surmonter plusieurs problèmes techniques. / Due to its outstanding physico-chemical properties, the cubic polytype of silicon carbide (3C-SiC) gained significant interest in several fields. In particular, this material emerged as a potential candidate to replace Si in MEMS devices operating in harsh environment. The development of 3C-SiC/Si/3C-SiC heterostructures on top of Si substrate can pave the road towards original and novel MEMS devices profiting from the properties of the 3C-SiC. However, such epitaxial system suffers from wide range of defects characterizing each layer. Thus, we first tried to improve the quality of each layer in this heterostructure. This was achieved relying on two levers; (i) the optimization of the growth parameters of each layer and (ii) the understanding of the nature of defects present in each layer. These two key points combined together allowed an in-depth understanding of the limit of improvement of the overall quality of this heterostructure. After the development of the complete heterostructure, the fabrication of 3C-SiC microstructures was performed. Furthermore, we presented an unprecedented method to form free-standing 3C-SiC membranes in-situ during its growth stage. This novel technique is expected to markedly simplify the fabrication process of suspended membranes by reducing the fabrication time and cost.

No description available.

Basic theoretical bases As a chronic wound is called a secondarily healing wound which despite adequate therapy does not tend to heal for a period of 6-9 weeks. The cause of the chronic wound occurrence and its transformation into an acute wound can be infection, influence of associated diseases, skin top layer microtraumatization or skin necrosis cavity. Among the most frequent types of chronic wounds there are aligned venous ulcerations, arterial rodent ulcers, decubitus ulcers and neuropathic rodent ulcers as a consequence of diabetes mellitus disease. Knowledge about wound healing has been deepened considerably in the last few years. The pharmaceutical industry introduces to the market continuously new means of phase wound healing and owing to new trends the classical treatment has nearly disappeared. Essay targets 1.To monitor nurse knowledge about new trends in chronic wound healing. 2.To determine what means of draping and bandaging materials are used in chronic wound treatment in practice and what means appear to be the most effective. 3.To find out if in practical terms there are conditions for nurses to use new trends in chronic wound healing and what constraints they meet in their endeavour to apply these trends. 4.To learn if patients with a non-healing wound are informed about new trends in chronic wound healing. 5.To learn if new trends in chronic wound healing are available for affected patients and in what extent they are used by them. 6.To determine if new trends in chronic wound healing improve life quality of patients with chronic wounds. Used methods The empirical part of the diploma work was processed with a tool of qualitative research inquiry. For data acquisition I chose the technique of semi-structured interview with respondents. For research inquiry I selected two groups of respondents. The first group of respondents was comprised of 10 nurses employed in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. and in the other group there were 5 patients hospitalized in this facility. The interview findings were analysed and divided into categories. For clear arrangement there were created schemes to individual categories in XMind programme. The schemes are supplied with commentary and several quotations of the respondents. Findings From interview analyses it is clear that there is a certain influence of individuality. In the first part there is monitored nurse knowledge about modern trends in chronic wound healing. The conclusion of the research is that in all sections where interviewed nurses work chronic wounds are treated by the way of wet (phase) healing. I also found out that there are several therapeutic and draping materials suitable for all phases of chronic wound healing. There are also described a few practical problems which make effective care about chronic wounds difficult. In the second part there are mentioned particular defects in patient acquaintance with modern methods in wound healing and insufficient education by medical staff. There are also described all problems which deteriorate life quality of patients with chronic wounds. Conclusion The chronic wound healing methods have changed completely in the last few years. Pharmaceutical firms introduce to the market a lot of new materials facilitating very effective and comfortable care about wounds. However, this fact requires continuous education of medical staff participating in the chronic wound treatment. This brings positive results and finally decreases economic costs of care about patients with chronic wounds.